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162. Cathelicidin LL-37 improves bone metabolic balance in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Creator:
- Liang, Jianwei, Chen, Jianjun, Ye, Zhan, and Bao, Dandan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- LL-37, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture due to the abnormal activity of osteoclasts. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides present in the lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LL-37, a cathelicidin, induces various biological effects, including modulation of the immune system, angiogenesis, wound healing, cancer growth, as well as inflammation, and bone loss. A previous study reported direct involvement of LL-37 suppressing osteoclastogenesis in humans. Here, we examined the role of LL-37 in the treatment of osteoporosis using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Our results showed that LL-37 significantly reduced bone loss and pathological injury in OVX rats with osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that LL-37 significantly increased the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in OVX rats with osteoporosis, including the increased expression of β-catenin, Osterix (Osx), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), whereas XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, significantly blocked the effects of LL-37 on bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism. Altogether, our findings suggested that LL-37 exerted a protective role in regulating bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism in rats with osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
163. Caught on camera: circumstantial evidence for fatal mobbing of an avian brood parasite by a host
- Creator:
- Šulc, Michal, Štětková, Gabriela, Procházka, Petr, Požgayová, Milica, Sosnovcová, Kateřina, Studecký, Jan, and Honza, Marcel
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ornithology, behavioural ecology, brood parasitism, nest defence, killing, and video evidence
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hosts have evolved a multiplicity of defensive responses against avian brood parasites. One of them is mobbing behaviour which often includes direct contact attacks. These aggressive strikes may not only distract the parasites but may also be fatal to them, as documented by cases of dead brood parasite females found near host nests. Here, we present the first video-recording of a great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) host whose vigorous nest defence appears to directly lead to the death of a female common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). We suggest that the chance of parasite death probably rises with the presence of unfavourable factors, such as water below the nest. Our observation supports previous suggestions that hosts may pose a lethal danger to their parasites.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
164. CCP Phenogenomics Conference 2019: abstract book: Vestec, 12-13 September 2019
- Creator:
- Ústav molekulární genetiky (Akademie věd ČR), České centrum pro fenogenomiku, and CCP Phenogenomics Conference (2019 : Vestec, Praha-západ, Česko)
- Publisher:
- Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, remote, bez média, online zdroj, and 67 stran : ilustrace, převážně barevné, portréty
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce, fenogenomika, molekulární genetika, phenogenomics, molecular genetics, 575.111:575.21, 577.21, (062.534), (048.3), 2, and 575
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Název z obálky and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
165. Cell-free DNA as an obesity biomarker
- Creator:
- Camuzi Zovico, Paulo Vinicios, Gasparini Neto, Victor Hugo, Venâncio, Fernanda Amorim, Soares Miguel, Gustavo Peixoto, Graça Pedrosa, Rogerio, Kenji Haraguchi, Fabiano, and Barauna, Valério G.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- cfDNA, obesity, and fat mass
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Obesity is a disease that affects about 13 % of the world population (2016) (Who 2018). This condition generates a process of systemic inflammation that may contribute to the release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the bloodstream. cfDNA has been considered a potential biomarker to monitor several physiological and pathological conditions, such as tumors, exercise intensity and obesity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of cfDNA levels with the amount of weight and fat mass lost six months after bariatric surgery. Thirty-eight subjects classified as obese (BMI, 43.5±6.2; BFP, 46.6±4.8) were evaluated anthropometrically and underwent bariatric surgery. Weight, BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and cfDNA levels were evaluated before and six months after surgery; furthermore, a correlation was performed between cfDNA levels and BFP and CRP. Decrease in total body weight and CRP were observed after bariatric surgery; however, the cfDNA levels remained unchanged. There was a weak correlation between cfDNA levels and BFP before the bariatric surgery, and a moderate correlation between cfDNA and CRP. Obese subjects who underwent bariatric surgery, the decrease in body fat percentage did not result in changes in cfDNA levels six months after surgery.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
166. Cell-tak coating interferes with DNA-based normalization of metabolic flux data
- Creator:
- Sima, Michal, Martinkova, Stanislava, Kafkova, Anezka, Pala, Jan, and Trnka, Jan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- metabolic flux analysis, normalization, and Cell-Tak
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Metabolic flux investigations of cells and tissue samples are a rapidly advancing tool in diverse research areas. Reliable methods of data normalization are crucial for an adequate interpretation of results and to avoid a misinterpretation of experiments and incorrect conclusions. The most common methods for metabolic flux data normalization are to cell number, DNA and protein. Data normalization may be affected by a variety of factors, such as density, healthy state, adherence efficiency, or proportional seeding of cells. The mussel-derived adhesive Cell-Tak is often used to immobilize poorly adherent cells. Here we demonstrate that this coating strongly affects the fluorescent detection of DNA leading to an incorrect and highly variable normalization of metabolic flux data. Protein assays are much less affected and cell counting can virtually completely remove the effect of the coating. Cell-Tak coating also affects cell shape in a cell line-specific manner and may change cellular metabolism. Based on these observations we recommend cell counting as a gold standard normalization method for Seahorse metabolic flux measurements with protein content as a reasonable alternative.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
167. Cell-type-independent expression of inwardly rectifying potassium currents in mouse fungiform taste bud cells
- Creator:
- Nakao, Yoshiki, Koshimura, Masahiro, Yamasaki, Takashi, and Ohtubo, Yoshitaka
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- potassium, membrane potentials, and signal transduction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play key roles in functions, including maintaining the resting membrane potential and regulating the action potential duration in excitable cells. Using in situ whole-cell recordings, we investigated Kir currents in mouse fungiform taste bud cells (TBCs) and immunologically identified the cell types (type I-III) expressing these currents. We demonstrated that Kir currents occur in a cell-type-independent manner. The activation potentials we measured were -80 to -90 mV, and the magnitude of the currents increased as the membrane potentials decreased, irrespective of the cell types. The maximum current densities at -120 mV showed no significant differences among cell types (p>0.05, one-way ANOVA). The density of Kir currents was not correlated with the density of either transient inward currents or outwardly rectifying currents, although there was significant correlation between transient inward and outwardly rectifying current densities (p<0.05, test for no correlation). RT-PCR studies employing total RNA extracted from peeled lingual epithelia detected mRNAs for Kir1, Kir2, Kir4, Kir6, and Kir7 families. These findings indicate that TBCs express several types of Kir channels functionally, which may contribute to regulation of the resting membrane potential and signal transduction of taste.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
168. Cellular immune response of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to infection by the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana
- Creator:
- Shen, Dongxu, Li, Miao, Chu, Yuan, Lang, Minglin, and An, Chunju
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, zavíječovití, fagocytóza, butterflies, Pyralidae, phagocytosis, Lepidoptera, Ostrinia furnacalis, cellular immune response, haemocyte, nodulation, Beauveria bassiana, entomopathogenic fungus, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The term cellular immune response refers to haemocyte-mediated responses, including phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation. In the present study, we identified five types of circulating haemocytes in larvae of the haemolymph of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), including granulocytes, oenocytoids, plasmatocytes, prohaemocytes, and spherulocytes. The relative number of total free haemocytes per larva decreased significantly 0.5, 24, and 36 h after the injection of Beauveria bassiana conidia. Upon conidia challenge, both phagocytosis and nodulation were observed in the collected haemolymph from O. furnacalis larvae. In addition, plasma was found to be necessary for both phagocytosis and nodulation. Therefore, we here confirm that phagocytosis and nodulation are involved in O. funacalis larvae during their fight against infection by B. bassiana, and further, that the cellular immune response of O. furnacalis helps eliminate the invading organisms despite the fact that not all the fungal conidia are killed., Dongxu Shen, Miao Li, Yuan Chu, Minglin Lang, Chunju An., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
169. Central autonomic regulation assessed by pupillary light reflex is impaired in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Creator:
- Hamrakova, Andrea, Ondrejka, Igor, Sekaninova, Nikola, Bona Olexova, Lucia, Visnovcova, Zuzana, Cesnekova, Dana, Hrtanek, Igor, Oppa, Miloslav, Hutka, Peter, and Tonhajzerova, Ingrid
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- central autonomic regulation, pupillary light reflex, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is assumed that the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is associated with the central autonomic dysregulation, however, the studies are rare. Analysis of pupillary light reflex represents a non-invasive tool to provide information related to the central autonomic regulation; thus, we aimed to evaluate potential disturbances in the central autonomic integrity using pupillary light reflex examination in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. We have examined 20 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (10 boys, 13.0±2.3 years) and 20 age/gender-matched healthy subjects. Pupillary light reflex was examined at rest for both eyes using Pupillometer PLR-2000 (NeurOptics, USA). Evaluated parameters were: diameter of the pupil before the application of light stimulus and after illumination at the peak of the constriction, the percentual change of the pupil diameter during constriction, average constriction velocity, maximum constriction velocity and average dilation velocity. We found significantly lower percentual change of the pupil diameter during constriction for both eyes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group compared to controls (right eye: -25.81±1.23 % vs. -30.32±1.31 %, p<0.05, left eye: -25.44±1.65 % vs. -30.35±0.98 %, p˂0.05). The average constriction velocity and maximum constriction velocity were significantly shortened in left eye in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder group compared to controls (p˂0.05). Our findings revealed altered pupillary light reflex indicating abnormal centrally-mediated autonomic regulation characterized by parasympathetic underactivity associated with relative sympathetic predominance in children suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
170. Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) from the gall bladder of Lutjanus bohar Forsskål from the Red Sea coast off Saudi Arabia: morphology, seasonality and SSU rDNA sequence
- Creator:
- Mansour, Lamjed, Abdel-Baki, Abdel-Azeem S, Tamihi, Ahmad F, and Al-Quraishy, Saleh
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, spóry, fylogeneze, parasitic organisms, spores, phylogeny, Myxosporea, fish parasites, Bivalvulida, coelozoic infection, Lutjanidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new myxozoan, Ceratomyxa bohari sp. n., infecting the gall bladder of two-spot red snapper, Lutjanus bohar Forsskål, in the Red Sea off Saudi Arabia, is described using light microscopy and characterised genetically. The infection was recorded as mature spores floating free in the bile. The overall prevalence of infection of the type host was 19% (67 fish infected of 360 examined), with the highest prevalence in autumn (31%; 28/90) and the lowest in winter at 12% (11/90). Mature spores are slender and slightly crescent-shaped in the frontal view, with anterior and posterior margins tapered gradually to rounded valvular tips. Spore valves are unequal with a prominent sutural line. The spore dimensions are 3-4 μm (mean 3.5 μm) in length and 16-19 μm (mean 17 μm) in thickness. Two polar capsules are spherical, equal in size, 1.5 μm in diameter. Coils of the polar filament are indiscernible. The sporoplasm is binucleated and fills nearly one third of the extracapsular space restricted to the area below the capsules. The molecular analysis based on the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequence revealed a close relationship with majority of species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 and phylogenetic clustering with species from different geographical location. Thus, the shorter spore of the present Ceratomyxa species and the divergence of the SSU rDNA sequences were the distinctive features that separate it from all previously described species and identified this parasite as a new species of Ceratomyxa., Lamjed Mansour, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Ahmad F. Tamihi, Saleh Al-Quraishy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public