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12. Discovery of a remarkable new species of Lymanopoda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) and considerations of its phylogenetic position: An integrative taxonomic approach
- Creator:
- Pyrcz, Tomasz W, Prieto, Carlos, Boyer, Pierre, and Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, babočkovití, okáči, fylogeneze, biodiverzita, butterflies, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, phylogeny, biodiversity, Kolumbie, Colombia, Lepidoptera, Lymanopoda, systematics, new species, DNA barcodes, páramo, Andes, Valle del Cauca, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new species of Lymanopoda Westwood, a cloud forest Neotropical genus of Satyrinae, is described from the páramo grasslands on an isolated, peripheral massif in the Colombian Central Cordillera of the Andes: L. flammigera Pyrcz, Prieto & Boyer, sp. n. The genus Lymanopoda is species-rich (approx. 65 species) and its alpha taxonomy is relatively well researched. Relationships within the genus using molecular data have also been explored. The new species is outstanding for its golden yellow colour in males, not found in any other neotropical Satyrinae. Cladograms were constructed based on COI sequences of 47 species of Lymanopoda (~ 70% of the known species) including 17 from Colombia. The new species segregates in the "tolima" clade, which comprises four other high altitude Colombian species, as well as two from Ecuador. However, it is the comparative analysis of male genitalia, in particular the superuncus and valvae, which identified its closest relatives, thus confirming that genital characters can help refine molecular phylogenies. In addition to identifying species using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA barcodes), nucleotide sites with unique fixed states used to identify nine species of Lymanopoda from Colombia are also presented., Tomasz W. Pyrcz, Carlos Prieto, Pierre Boyer, Jadwiga Lorenc-Brudecka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
13. Double strand RNA-mediated RNA interference through feeding in larval gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
- Creator:
- Ghosh, Saikat Kumar B. and Gundersen-Rindal, Dawn E.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, bekyně (motýli), příjem potravy, Lymantria, ingestion, Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Lymantria dispar, gypsy moth larvae, RNAi, dsRNA, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- RNA interference (RNAi) technology uses dsRNAs to silence specific targeted genes by downregulating their expression. It has become a potent tool for functional and regulatory studies of insect genes and has potential to be applied for insect control. Though it has been challenging to generate effective RNAi in lepidopteran insects, in the current study this technology was applied to develop specific RNAi-based molecular tools that could be used to negatively impact the invasive lepidopteran forest pest, gypsy moth (GM). GM midgut-specific genes were selected for dsRNA design from larval transcriptome profiles. Two methods were used to produce specific dsRNAs, bacterial expression and in vitro synthesis, which were then fed per os to GM larvae. Depletion of uncharacterized gene targets known as locus 365 and locus 28365, or their stacked combination, depleted target transcripts in a sequence specific manner and resulted in 60% reduction in body mass. Treated GM females that were able to moult to the adult stage displayed an approximately two-fold reduction in egg masses. These have potential to be developed as molecular biopesticides for GM., Saikat Kumar B. Ghosh, Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14. Effect of temperature on rate of development, survival and adult longevity of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
- Creator:
- Andreadis, Stefanos S., Spanoudis, Christos G., Zakka, Georgia, Aslanidou, Barbara, NoukariI, Sofia, and Savopoulou-Soultani, Matilda
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, makadlovkovití, přežití, motýli, Gelechiidae, survival, butterflies, Lepidoptera, potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella, constant temperatures, development, adult longevity, developmental threshold, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), both in the field and storehouses. The rate of development and survival of P. operculella, reared on potato tubers cv. Spunta at eight constant temperatures (17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 and 35°C), were studied in the laboratory. The duration of development of the immature stages was recorded. Adult longevity was also recorded under the same conditions. Developmental time decreased significantly with increase in temperature within the range 17.5-32.5°C. No development occurred at 35°C. Survival (%) from egg to adult was higher at temperatures within the range 17.5-27.5°C than at either 30 or 32.5°C. Linear and a non-linear (Logan I) models were fitted to our data in order to describe the developmental rate of the immature stages of P. operculella as a function of temperature and estimate the thermal constant (K) and critical temperatures (i.e., lower developmental threshold, optimum temperature for development, upper developmental threshold). Lower developmental threshold and optimum temperature for development ranged between 12.5-16.2 and 31.7-33.8°C, respectively. The estimated upper developmental threshold for total immature development was 35.0°C. Thermal constant for total development was 294.0 degree-days. Adult longevity was significantly shorter at high (30 and 32.5°C) than at low temperatures (17.5-27.5°C). Our results not only provide a broader insight into the thermal biology of P. operculella, but also can be used as an important tool in planning an effective pest control program both in the field and storehouses., Stefanos S. Andreadis, Christos G. Spanoudis, Georgia Zakka, Barbara Aslanidou, Sofia NoukariI, Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15. Effects of larval diapause and the juvenile hormone analog, fenoxycarb, on testis development and spermatogenesis in the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- Creator:
- Bebas, Piotr, Bronisław Cymborowski, Kazek, Michalina, and Polanska, Marta Anna
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, zavíječovití, zavíječ voskový, spermatogeneze, butterflies, Pyralidae, Galleria mellonella, spermatogenesis, Lepidoptera, wax moth, juvenile hormone analogs, larval diapause, larval testes, vas deferens, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Facultative diapause in the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, occurs in the final larval instar. Application of juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) to the larvae of this species has similar effects to diapause, in terms of prolonged development of the larval stages and the arrest in the metamorphosis of internal organs. Here, we focus on testes development and spermatogenesis at the end of larval development in G. mellonella, how they are affected by diapause induced by an environmental decrease in temperature to 18°C and the application of a JHA (fenoxycarb) to larvae. Because neither testis development nor spermatogenesis are described in detail for this species, we examined them in individuals not in diapause during the period from the last larval instar to the newly emerged adult and present a timetable of changes that occur in the development of testes in this species. These observations have increased the very limited data on the course of spermatogenesis in pyralid insects. We then used these data for comparative analysis of testes in larvae from two experimental groups: individuals in diapause and those treated with fenoxycarb. The results on the general morphology testes revealed obvious degenerative changes caused by fenoxycarb (but not by diapause), including testicular wall hypertrophy and disarrangement of testicular follicles. Moreover, treatment with fenoxycarb finally resulted in the disintegration of nearly all testicular cyst-containing germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis, a situation never previously described in the literature. In contrast, the main effect of diapause on testes was merely the degeneration of spermatocytes in the proximal regions of the testicular follicles. Finally, the TUNEL analyses, revealed that the degenerative changes in germ cells were apoptotic in character in the testes of both individuals in diapause and fenoxycarb-treated males., Piotr Bebas, Bronislaw Cymborowski, Michalina Kazek, Marta Anna Polanska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
16. Feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its effect on parasitism by Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Creator:
- Nakayama, Aya, Nakamura, Keiji, and Tagawa, Jun
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, běláskovití, blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, larvy, parazitismus, butterflies, Pieridae, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, larvas, parasitism, Lepidoptera, Pieris rapae crucivora, cabbageworm, Cotesia glomerata, attraction, avoidance, distance, escape, feeding mark, feeding site, host searching, move, parasitoid, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the effect of the feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Pieridae) on parasitism by the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Braconidae). Young, 1st-3rd instar larvae used approximately three sites for feeding each day. When not feeding, they moved a short distance away from the feeding sites (= feeding marks) and rested. For first, second and third instar larvae, the distances from the new mark, made within 24 h, to larva at rest were, respectively, about 3.5 mm, 5 mm and more than 10 mm. To resume feeding, they moved back to one of the former feeding sites or a new site. The percentage of the feeding marks older than 24 h that attracted parasitoids was less than 50%. Time spent searching for hosts by a parasitoid was short. Larvae placed 5 mm or more from a feeding mark were less parasitized than the larvae placed near a mark. The number of feeding marks affected parasitism. When comparing single-marked and triple-marked leaves, the percentage parasitism of the larvae on the latter was significantly lower than that of the larvae on the former. On triple-marked leaves, parasitoids visited each mark unevenly. Accordingly, the time spent searching each mark differed significantly among the marks. Because of this confusing effect, hosts are considered to be reducing the risk of parasitism. Our results demonstrate that the feeding habits of young larvae of P. rapae crucivora are adaptive in terms of reducing the risk of parasitism by C. glomerata., Aya Nakayama, Keiji Nakamura, Jun Tagawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
17. How differences in the settling behaviour of moths (Lepidoptera) may contribute to sampling bias when using automated light traps
- Creator:
- Wölfling, Mirko, Becker, Mira C., Uhl, Britta, Traub, Anja, and Fiedler, Konrad
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Lepidoptera, moths, biodiversity assessment, sampling method, light-trapping, sampling bias, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Quantitative community-wide moth surveys frequently employ flight-interception traps equipped with UV-light emitting sources as attractants. It has long been known that moth species differ in their responsiveness to light traps. We studied how the settling behaviour of moths at a light trap may further contribute to sampling bias. We observed the behaviour of 1426 moths at a light tower. Moths were classified as either, settling and remaining still after arrival, or continually moving on the gauze for extended periods of time. Moths that did not move after settling may not end up in the sampling container of the light trap and therefore are under-represented in automated trap samples relative to their true proportions in the community. Our analyses revealed highly significant behavioural differences between moths that differed in body size. Small moths were more likely to remain stationary after settling. As a corollary, representatives of three taxa, which in Europe are predominantly small species (Nolidae, Geometridae: Eupitheciini, Erebidae: Lithosiini), usually settled down immediately, whereas most other moths remained active on or flying around the trap for some time. Moth behaviour was also modulated by ambient temperature. At high temperatures, they were less likely to settle down immediately, but this behavioural difference was most strongly apparent among medium-sized moths. These results indicate the likely extent of the sampling bias when analysing and interpreting automated light-trap samples. Furthermore, to control for temperature modulated sampling bias temperature should always be recorded when sampling moths using flight-interception traps. and Mirko Wölfling, Mira C. Becker, Britta Uhl, Anja Traub, Konrad Fiedler.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18. Influence of prolonged dietary experience during the larval stage on novel odour preferences in adults of noctuid stem borer moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Petit, Christophe, Ahuya, Peter, Le Ru, Bruno, Kaiser-Arnauld, Laure, Harry, Myriam, and Calatayud, Paul-André
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- můrovití, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Sesamia nonagrioides, Busseola fusca, Busseola nairobica, larval dietary experience, adult olfactory preference, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In Lepidoptera, larval dietary experience of volatile cues can induce adult preference for these cues. However, such induction may require several generations, depending in part on the degree of specialization of the insects. In a previous study, using species of noctuid stem borers with different diet breadths, namely the polyphagous Sesamia nonagrioides, the oligophagous Busseola fusca and monophagous Busseola nairobica, it was shown that in S. nonagrioides, one generation was enough to induce a preference for vanillin in the resulting gravid females, whereas even two generations failed to induce a response in adults of Busseola spp. In this study, we checked whether a higher number of generations of exposure to a vanillin-enriched medium could induce a significant olfactory preference for this medium in the species B. fusca and B. nairobica, which have narrower host-plant utilization ranges than S. nonagrioides. Larvae were reared to the adult stage on an artificial diet enriched with vanillin for periods of from 2 to 7 or 8 generations, followed by two-choice tests on gravid females using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed different responses according to the species: for the oligophagous B. fusca, there was no significant effect of the conditioning, while a significant preference for the odours emitted by this new vanillin-enriched diet was recorded for the polyphagous S. nonagrioides and monophagous B. nairobica, but after different numbers of generations. In conclusion, different diet breadths seem to be associated with different levels of plasticity in the odour preference of adults. The implication of this result for insects' adaptability in a changing landscape is discussed., Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, Paul-André Calatayud., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
19. Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite markers for the highly invasive box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
- Creator:
- Bras, Audrey, Sauné, Laure, Roques, Alain, Rousselet, Jérôme, and Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Cydalima perspectalis, microsatellites, genetic diversity, invasive insect, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, we report the development of a set of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker), a highly invasive insect in Europe causing significant damage to natural and ornamental Buxus trees. The markers were characterized for four distant populations in both its native (China, two populations) and invasive ranges (Czech Republic and Turkey, one population each). The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12. No marker significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all the populations sampled. These microsatellite markers are promising tools for further studies on the invasive pathways and dispersal pattern of the box tree moth in Europe., Audrey Bras, Laure Sauné, Alain Roques, Jérôme Rousselet, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
20. Juvenile hormone analogue, fenoxycarb, modulates ecdysone-triggered transcriptional hierarchy during programmed cell death of midgut in silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Goncu, Ebru, Uranli, Ramazan, and Parlak, Osman
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, bourcovití, apoptóza, butterflies, Bombycidae, apoptosis, Lepidoptera, autophagy, Bombyx mori, ecdysone related genes, juvenile hormone, midgut, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone are the main regulators of insect development; however, it is unclear how they interact in the regulation of metamorphic events. Using the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we show that the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb affects the cascade of ecdysone regulated genes that control the programmed cell death in the larval midgut. Morphological changes that occur during cell death were investigated by studying cross-sections of the midgut stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation was detected using TUNEL assay. Expression patterns of genes ATG8 and ATG12, which were used as indicators of autophagy, and genes of the ecdysone-regulated gene cascade were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fenoxycarb application on day 0 of the 5th larval instar extended the feeding period and postponed programmed cell death in mature larval midgut. This effect was probably due to a delay in ecdysone secretion and associated changes in gene expression were mostly not a direct response to the fenoxycarb. However, differences in the gene expression patterns in the control and fenoxycarb treated insects during the prepupal and early pupal stages indicated that fenoxycarb may also exert a more direct effect on some genes of the ecdysone regulated gene cascade., Ebru Goncu, Ramazan Uranli, Osman Parlak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
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