Search

Start Over Format počítač

63. Absence of a significant interaction of two common NOS1 and 5-HTT polymorphisms on sensorimotor gating in humans

Creator:
Rovný, Rastislav, Marko, Martin, Minárik, Gabriel, and Riečanský, Igor
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
prepulse inhibition, serotonin, serotonin transporter, nitric oxide, and endophenotype
Language:
English
Description:
The neurotransmitter serotonin has been critically implicated in the pathogenesis of several mental disorders. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key regulator of serotonergic neurotransmission and its genetic variability is associated with increased risk of psychopathology. One well known polymorphic locus in the 5-HTT gene affecting its expression is a tandem repeat in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR). It has been reported that 5-HTT is functionally coupled with the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1 or nNOS), an enzyme catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO). We have previously demonstrated that a tandem repeat polymorphism in the promoter of NOS1 exon 1f (Ex1f-VNTR) is associated with sensorimotor gating, a marker of inhibitory processing and a well-established endophenotype of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we investigated the combined genetic effects of NOS1 Ex1f-VNTR and 5-HTTLPR on sensorimotor gating, measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, in 164 healthy adults. We found no evidence for the interaction between NOS1 Ex1f-VNTR and 5-HTTLPR on PPI. PPI was associated with NOS1 Ex1f-VNTR, but not 5-HTTLPR. Our data suggest that while NOS1 plays a role in sensorimotor gating, the nitrergic pathway of gating regulation does not involve the action of 5-HTT.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

64. Abundance and microhabitat use of rodent species in crop fields and bushland in Ethiopia

Creator:
Welegerima, Kiros, Meheretu, Yonas, Haileselassie, Tsegazeabe H., Gebre, Brhane, Kidane, Dawit, Massawe, Apia W., Mbije, Nsajigwa E., and Makundi, Rhodes H.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
small mammals, pest species, ground cover, pest management, and Tigray
Language:
English
Description:
The abundance and microhabitat use of rodents were investigated in four different habitats: two rain-fed crop fields with differing stone bund density, an irrigated field and bushland. A total of 444 individual small mammals belonging to six rodent and one shrew species were recorded in trapping grids and line transects. Of these, 230 individuals (52%) belonged to three pest rodent species of crop fields in northern Ethiopia: Stenocephalemys albipes (65%), Mastomys awashensis (25%) and Arvicanthis niloticus (10%). Population abundance of the three species was higher in the early dry season compared to the rainy season. While the bushland was significantly (p < 0.05) favoured by S. albipes and M. awashensis in both seasons, the irrigated field was preferred by Arvicanthis niloticus in the early dry season. In the early dry season, the microhabitat use of A. niloticus was strongly associated with the type of ground cover (herb) (R2adj = 0.152, P < 0.01). While M. awashensis was associated with vegetation density (R2adj = 0.13, P < 0.01), S. albipes was associated with vegetation cover (R2adj = 0.102, P < 0.001). The findings indicate that co-occurring pest rodent species prefer different microhabitats. Understanding their co-occurrence particularly in crop fields is vital for crop protection as they are known serious agricultural pests in northern Ethiopia.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

65. Accessibility and quality of mental health care for foreigners in Prague

Creator:
Tušl, Martin and Niederlová, Markéta
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mental health, foreigners in Prague, intercultural psychology, cultural competency, qualitative research, duševní zdraví, cizinci v Praze, interkulturní psychologie, kulturní kompetence, and kvalitativní výzkum
Language:
Czech
Description:
The present study aimed to explore the accessibility and the quality of mental health care for foreigners in Prague. Introduction briefly outlines the situation of immigration and foreign population in the Czech Republic with a particular focus on the capital city. Further, risk factors that are associated with mental health of foreigners who live in the Czech Republic are discussed. A summary about culturally competent practice in mental health care and the current state of the Czech mental health care conclude this section. Empirical part explores foreigners’ experience with mental health services in Prague and identifies the principal barriers that hinder their access to a good quality care. The sample was composed of 27 participants, of which 20 were English and 7 Russian speaking. Data collection was primarily via an online questionnaire and several semi-structured interviews. The findings identified four principal barriers that adversely impact the accessibility (cost, language, information, accessibility), and two barriers that adversely impact the quality (professionalism, cultural differences) of mental health care for foreigners. Outcomes of the research are discussed and possible ways that could lead to an improvement of the current situation are suggested. Finally, we provide a brief overview of mental health institutions in Prague where foreigners may seek help. and Výzkumná práce se zabývá tématem dostupnosti a kvality péče o duševní zdraví pro cizince, kteří žijí v Praze. Úvodní část stručně nastiňuje situaci imigrace a cizinců v České republice, a to zejména v hlavním městě. Dále jsou popsány některé rizikové faktory, které souvisejí s duševním zdravím cizinců žijících v České republice. Shrnuty jsou také některé poznatky o kulturní kompetenci v péči o duševní zdraví kulturně a jazykově odlišných klientů, a teoretickou část uzavírá kapitola o současná situaci péče o duševní zdraví v České republice. Empirická část má formu kvalitativní studie, jejímž cílem bylo zmapovat zkušenosti cizinců s péčí o duševní zdraví v Praze a identifikovat hlavní překážky, se kterými se cizinci setkávají v souvislosti s dostupností a kvalitou služeb v Praze. Výzkumný vzorek sestával z 27 účastníků, přičemž 20 bylo anglicky a 7 rusky hovořících. Sběr dat probíhal prostřednictvím online dotazníku a následných polo strukturovaných rozhovorů. Výsledky identifikovaly 4 bariéry v souvislosti s dostupností (cena, jazyk, informace, dostupnost), a 2 bariéry v souvislosti s kvalitou péče o duševní zdraví (profesionalita, kulturní odlišnosti). Výsledky výzkumu jsou v závěru diskutovány a jsou navrženy možné cesty, které by mohly přispět ke zlepšení současné situace. Jsou také zmíněna některá pracoviště, kde cizinci mohou vyhledat odbornou psychologickou­ pomoc.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

66. Accuracy of radar-estimated precipitation in a mountain catchment in Slovakia

Creator:
Sleziak, Patrik, Jančo, Martin, Danko, Michal, Méri, Ladislav, and Holko, Ladislav
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
radar-estimated precipitation, precipitation estimates, daily precipitation, and synoptic weather situations
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Accurate estimation of precipitation in mountain catchments is challenging due to its high spatial variability and lack of measured ground data. Weather radar can help to provide precipitation estimates in such conditions. This study investigates the differences between measured and radar-estimated daily precipitation in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek (area 22 km2, 6 rain gauges at altitudes 815–1900 m a.s.l.) in years 2017–2020. Despite good correlations between measured and radar-based precipitation at individual sites (correlation coefficients 0.68–0.90), the radar-estimated precipitation was mostly substantially smaller than measured precipitation. The underestimation was smaller at lower altitude (on average by –4% to –17% at 815 m a.s.l.) than at higher altitudes (–35% to –59% at 1400–1900 m a.s.l.). Unlike measured data, the radar-estimated precipitation did not show the differences in precipitation amounts at lower and higher altitudes (altitudinal differences). The differences between the measured and radar-estimated precipitation were not related to synoptic weather situations. The obtained results can be useful in preparation of more accurate precipitation estimates for the small mountain catchments.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

67. Acellular dermal matrix in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Creator:
Mihalečko, Ján, Boháč, Martin, Danišovič, Ľuboš, Koller, Ján, Varga, Ivan, and Kuniaková, Marcela
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
acellular dermal matrix, tissue engineering, and reconstructive surgery
Language:
English
Description:
Despite significant advances in medical research, plastic surgeons still face a shortage of suitable patient tissues, and soft tissue reconstruction is no exception. In recent years, there has been a rapid boom in the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. ADM is incorporated into the surrounding tissue and gradually replaced by the host's collagen, thus promoting and supporting the healing process and reducing the formation of scar tissue. The main goal of this article is to provide a brief review of the current literature assessing the clinical applications of ADM across a broad spectrum of applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

69. Acoustic signals of the bush-crickets Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and adjacent territories

Creator:
Zhantiev, Roustem, Korsunovskaya, Olga, and Benediktov, Alexander
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, rovnokřídlí, Phaneropterinae, zvukové signály, Orthoptera, acoustic signals, Barbitistinae, Isophya, stridulatory files, behaviour, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Temporal patterns and frequency spectra of the songs and stridulatory files of 14 species of the genus of the phaneropterid bush-crickets Isophya from Eastern Europe, Altai and the Caucasus are given. The sound signals of the species studied can be separated into three main types: (1) those consisting of two syllables (Isophya gracilis, I. kalishevskii, I. schneideri, I. caspica, Isophya sp. 1); (2) one syllable and series of clicks (I. modesta rossica, I. stepposa, I. taurica, I. brunneri, I. doneciana, I. altaica); (3) single repeating syllables of uniform shape and duration (I. pienensis, Isophya sp. 2 and possibly I. stysi). The acoustic signals and behaviour of eastern European, Altai and Caucasian species are compared to those of several other European species of Isophya., Roustem Zhantiev, Olga Korsunovskaya, Alexander Benediktov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

70. Activation of PI3K/Akt prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced GnRH decline via FOXO3a

Creator:
Guo, Han, Xuanyuan, Shuchuan, Zhang, Bensi, and Shi, Chun
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
hypoxia-reoxygenation, nuclear factor-κB, gonadotropinreleasing hormone, and forkhead box protein O3a
Language:
English
Description:
Recent studies have suggested that the hypothalamus has an important role in aging by regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-directed gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) decline. Moreover, our previous study has shown that ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury activates NF-κB to reduce hypothalamic GnRH release, thus suggesting that IR injury may facilitate hypothalamic programming of system aging. In this study, we further examined the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, a critical intracellular signal pathway involved in the repair process after IR, in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR)-associated GnRH decline in vitro. We used GT1-7 cells and primarily-cultured mouse GnRH neurons as cell models for investigation. Our data revealed that the activation of the PI3K/Akt/Forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a) pathway protects GnRH neurons from HR-induced GnRH decline by preventing HR-induced gnrh1 gene inhibition and NF-κB activation. Our results further the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of HR-associated hypothalamic GnRH decline.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public