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7592. HIF signaling pathway in pheochromocytoma and other neuroendocrine tumors
- Creator:
- Jochmanová, I., Tomáš Zelinka, Jiří Widimský, and Karel Pacák
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, feochromocytomy, paragangliomy, terapie, pheochromocytoms, paraganglioms, therapy, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, hypoxia-inducible factor, oxygen sensing, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors controlling energy, iron metabolism, erythropoiesis, and development. Dysregulation of these proteins contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent findings revealed the important role of HIFs in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors, especially pheoch romocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL). PHEOs and PGLs are catecholamine- producing tumors arising from sympathetic- or parasympathetic- derived chromaffin tissue. To date, eighte en PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes have been identified. Based on the main signaling pathways, PHEOs/PGLs have been divided into two clusters, pseudohypoxic cluster 1 and cluster 2, rich in kinase receptor signaling and protein translation pathways. Recent data suggest that both clusters are interconnected via the HIF signaling and its role in tumorigenesis is supported by newly described somatic and germline mutations in HIF2A gene in patients with PHEOs/PGLs associated with polycythemia, and in some of them also with somatostatinoma. Moreover, HIF α signaling has also been sh own to be upregulated in neuroendocrine tumors other than PHEO/PGL. Some of these tumors are components of hereditary tumor syndromes which can be associated with PHEO/PGL, but also in ileal carcinoids or melanoma. HIF signaling appears to be one of the crucial players in tumorigenesis, which could suggest new therapeutic approaches for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors., I. Jochmanová, T. Zelinka, J. Widimský Jr., K. Pacak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7593. Higgsův boson objeven?
- Creator:
- Chýla, Jiří
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Higgs, Peter, fyzika, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jiří Chýla. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7594. High density of fox and cat faeces in kitchen gardens and resulting rodent exposure to Echinococcus multilocularis and Toxoplasma gondii
- Creator:
- Bastien, Matthieu, Vaniscotte, Amélie, Combes, Benoit, Umhang, Gérald, Germain, Estelle, Gouley, Valentin, Pierlet, Alice, Quintaine, Thomas, Forin-Wiart, Marie-Amélie, Villena, Isabelle, Aubert, Dominique, Boué, Franck, and Poulle, Marie-Lazarine
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hlodavci, rodents, rodent prevalence, food-borne agents, fox faeces density, cat faeces density, parasite transmission risk, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The faeces of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus), and the domestic cat, Felis catus (Linnaeus), can be responsible for spreading eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) into the environment. The accidental ingestion of these eggs or oocysts, through consumption of raw fruits or vegetables grown in or in contact with contaminated soil, can lead to alveolar echinococcosis (AE) or toxoplasmosis in humans. The present study provides a quantitative assessment of the faecal deposition by foxes and cats in kitchen gardens where fruits and vegetables are grown and its consequences for zoonosis transmission. The density of definitive host faeces is considered as one of the main factors in infection risk for intermediate hosts. The density of fox and cat faeces, as well as the prevalence of both AE and toxoplasmosis in rodent populations (contaminated by ingestion of eggs or oocysts), were compared within and outside kitchen gardens. Our results showed that the mean density of fox faeces did not significantly differ between kitchen gardens and habitat edges (0.29 ± 0.04 faeces/m2 vs 0.22 ± 0.02 faeces/m2), the latter being known as an area of high fox faeceal densities. The density of cat faeces was significantly higher within the kitchen garden than outside (0.86 ± 0.22 faeces/m2 vs 0.04 ± 0.02 faeces/m2). The sampled kitchen gardens might therefore be considered as possible hotspots for both fox and cat defecation. Of the 130 rodents trapped, 14% were infected by at least one species of fox or cat intestinal parasite. These rodents were significantly more often infected when they were exposed to a kitchen garden. These results suggest that the deposit of fox and cat faeces in kitchen gardens would significantly impact the risk of human exposure to E. multilocularis and T. gondii. and should be prevented using effective means., Matthieu Bastien, Amélie Vaniscotte, Benoit Combes, Gérald Umhang, Estelle Germain, Valentin Gouley, Alice Pierlet, Thomas Quintaine, Marie-Amélie Forin-Wiart, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Franck Boué, Marie-Lazarine Poulle., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7595. High-mobility group box-1 protein in adenine-induced chronic renal failure and the influence of gum arabic thereon
- Creator:
- Ali, B. H., Al Za'abi, M., Al Shukaili, A., and Nemmar, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, chronic renal failure, rats, adenine, gum arabic, high-mobility group box-1 protein, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pathogenesis of adenine-induced chronic renal failure may involve inflammatory, immunological and/or oxidant mechanisms. Gum arabic (GA) is a complex po lysaccharide that acts as an anti-oxidant which can modulate inflammatory and/or immunological processes. Therefore, we tested here the effect of GA treatment (15 % in the drinking water for 4 weeks) in plasma and urine of rats, on a novel cytokine that has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, viz, DNA-binding high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). Adenine (0.75 % in the feed, 4 weeks) significantly increased indoxyl sulphate, urea and creatinine concentrations in plasma, an d significantly decreased the creatinine clearance. GA significantly abated these effects. The concentrations of HMGB1 in urine before the start of the experiment were similar in all four groups. However, 24 h after the last treatment, adenine treatment increased significantly the concentration of HMGB1 when compared with the control. GA treatment did not affect the HMGB1 concentration in urine. Moreover, the concentration of HMGB1 in plasma obtained 24 h after the last treatment in rats treated with adenine was drastically reduced compared with the control group. This may explain its significant rise in urine. In conclusion, HMGB1 can be considered a potentially useful biomarker in adenine induced CRF and its treatment., B. H. Ali, M. Al Za'abi, A. Al Shukaili, A. Nemmar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7596. High-molecular-weight HPMA-based polymer drug carriers for delivery to tumor
- Creator:
- Kostka, L. and Tomáš Etrych
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, nanotherapeutics, pH responsive, HPMA copolymers, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this work, design and synthesis of high-molecular-weight N-(2- hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-based polymer drug delivery systems tailored for cancer therapy is summarized. Moreover, the influence of their architecture on tumor accumulation and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy is discussed. Mainly, the high-molecularweight delivery systems, such as branched, grafted, multi-block, star-like or micellar systems, with molecular weights greater than the renal threshold are discussed and reviewed in detail., L. Kostka, T. Etrych., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7597. Higher doses of (+)MK-801 (dizocilpine) induced mortality and procedural but not cognitive deficits in delayed testing in the active place avoidance with reversal on the carousel
- Creator:
- Lobellová, V., Brichtová, E., Tomáš Petrásek, Karel Valeš, and Aleš Stuchlík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, carousels, dizocipline, (+)MK-801, active place avoidance, long-evans rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder affecting 1 % of the world's population. An important role in the study of this disease is played by animal models. Since there is evidence that acute psychotic episodes can have consequences on later cognitive functioning, the present study has investigated the effects of a single systemic application of higher doses of (+)MK-801 (3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) to adult male Long-Evans rats from the Institute’s breeding colony on delayed testing in the active place avoidance task with reversal on the Carousel (a rotating arena). Besides significant mortality due to the injections, a disruption of procedural functions in active place avoidance, after the dose 5 mg/kg was observed. It was concluded that Long-Evans rats from our breeding colony do not represent a suitable biomodel for studying the effects of single high-dose NMDA antagonists., V. Lobellová, E. Brichtová, T. Petrásek, K. Valeš, A. Stuchlík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7598. Higher levels of salivary α-amylase predict failure of cessation efforts in male smokers
- Creator:
- Michaela Dušková, Kateřina Šimůnková, Martin Hill, Hruškovičová, H., Petra Hoskovcová, Eva Králíková, and Luboslav Stárka
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, predikce, odvykání kouření, stres (fyziologie), prediction, smoking cessation, stress (physiology), salivary α-amylase, salivary cortisol, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ability to predict the success or failure of smoking cessation efforts will be useful for clinical practice. Stress response is regulated by two primary neuroendocrine systems. Salivary cortisol has been used as a marker for the hypothalamuspituitary- adrenocortical axis and salivary α-amylase as a marker for the sympathetic adrenomedullary system. We studied 62 chronic smokers (34 women and 28 men with an average age of 45.2±12.9 years). The levels of salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase were measured during the period of active smoking, and 6 weeks and 24 weeks after quitting. We analyzed the men separately from the women. The men who were unsuccessful in cessation showed significantly higher levels of salivary α-amylase over the entire course of the cessation attempt. Before stopping smoking, salivary cortisol levels were higher among the men who were unsuccessful in smoking cessation. After quitting, there were no differences between this group and the men who were successful in cessation. In women we found no differences between groups of successful and unsuccessful ex-smokers during cessation. In conclusions, increased levels of salivary α-amylase before and during smoking cessation may predict failure to quit in men. On the other hand, no advantage was found in predicting the failure to quit in women. The results of our study support previously described gender differences in smoking cessation., M. Dušková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7599. Higher muscle content of perilipin 5 and endothelial lipase protein in trained than untrained middle-aged men
- Creator:
- Vigelsø, A., Prats, C., Ploug, T., Dela, F., and Helge, J. W.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, metabolismus lipidů, vytrvalostní trénink, muži středního věku, lipid metabolism, endurance training, middle aged men, glucose metabolism, human skeletal muscle, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A high VO2max in middle-age is related to high metabolic flexibility and lowered risk of metabolic diseases. However, the influence of a high VO2max induced by years of regular training in middle-age on protein expression related to muscle metabolism is not well studied. This study measures key proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidation, glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained middle-aged men. 16 middle-aged men, matched for lean body mass, were recruited into an endurance trained (TR, n=8) or an untrained (CON, n=8) group based on their VO2max. A muscle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis and protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. The TR had higher protein levels of mitochondrial complex III-V, endothelial lipase (EL) and perilipin 5 compared to the CON. Glycogen synthase (P=0.05), perilipin 3 (P=0.09) and ATGL (P=0.09) tended to be higher in TR than CON, but there was no difference in AKT I/II, HKII, GLUT4 and LPL protein expression. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between plasma HDL and EL (R2=0.53, P<0.01). In conclusion, a high VO2max in middle-aged men was as expected is reflected in higher muscle oxidative capacity, but also in higher endothelial lipase and perilipin 5 expression and a borderline higher glycogen synthase protein expression, which may contribute to a higher metabolic flexibility., A. Vigelsø, C. Prats, T. Ploug, F. Dela, J. W. Helge., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7600. Hilbert-Schmidt Hankel operators with anti-holomorphic symbols on complete pseudoconvex Reinhardt domains
- Creator:
- Çelik, Mehmet and Zeytuncu, Yunus E
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- matematika, mathematics, canonical solution operator for ∂¯-problem, Hankel operator, Hilbert-Schmidt operator, 13, and 51
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- On complete pseudoconvex Reinhardt domains in ℂ², we show that there is no nonzero Hankel operator with anti-holomorphic symbol that is Hilbert-Schmidt. In the proof, we explicitly use the pseudoconvexity property of the domain. We also present two examples of unbounded non-pseudoconvex domains in ℂ² that admit nonzero Hilbert-Schmidt Hankel operators with anti-holomorphic symbols. In the first example the Bergman space is finite dimensional. However, in the second example the Bergman space is infinite dimensional and the Hankel operator Hz¯₁z¯₂ is Hilbert-Schmidt., Mehmet Çelik, Yunus E. Zeytuncu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public