Zlatým standardem léčby konečného stadia srdečního selhání je transplantace srdce. Nedostatek dárců omezuje množství provedených srdečních transplantací. Transplantační centra potřebují těmto pacientům nabídnout alternativu pro léčbu srdečního selhání. Mechanické srdeční podpory jsou používány jako tzv. most k transplantaci u pacientů na čekací listině (dlouhodobé podpory). Tento souhrnný článek popisuje současný stav léčby chronického srdečního selhání transplantací srdce a implantací mechanické srdeční podpory., Heart transplantation is the gold standard for patients with end‑stage heart failure. The available donor supply limits the number of cardiac transplants. Transplant centres need to provide alternative therapy for these patients with heart failure. The mechanical circulatory support systems are used as a bridge to transplantation in heart transplant candidates (long‑term support). This review describes the current status of heart transplantation and long‑term mechanical circulatory support devices for treatment of chronic heart failure., and Fila P., Bedáňová H., Horváth V., Ondrášek J., Piler P., Němec P.
We have studied the mechanism of Na+ deprivation-induced catecholamine secretion from freshly isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Na+ deprivation-induced catecholamine secretion depended on free extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and was almost parallel to 45Ca2+ influx into the cells under various experimental conditions. Furthermore, Na+ deprivation-induced 45Ca2+ influx and catecholamine secretion were actually induced by a relative Na+ concentration gradient across the plasma membrane, but not by simple omission of Na+ from the medium. These results indicate that the deprivation of Na+ from the medium changes the relative Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane and results in Ca2+ influx via a reverse mode of Na+-Ca2+ exchange rather than by inducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels by eliminating the competition between extracellular Na+ and Ca2+., M. Isosaki, T. Nakashima., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The technique of assessing the failure of rigid overlying strata is applicable to deep mining with thick coal seams (a thickness of more than 1 m in the Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield), and in one case to longwall mining with controlled caving. The assessment of failure of rigid overlying strata makes it possible to distinguish whether the rigid overlying strata of rocks has been deformed or whether a strutting arch has been formed over the goaf below which is an area that is free from stress. Good knowledge of the mining, technical and geological conditions of a given site is a prerequisite for successful evaluation. There are advantages to utilising surface measurements for interpreting the effects of changes in rock mass, especially in areas of high overlying strata. The practical importance of failure assessment of overlying strata consists in determining the size of the mined-out area where the deformation of the rigid overlying strata occurred, which is dependent on the character of the rock mass. This paper is set in the context of the expected width of the goaf during deformation of rigid overlying strata within parameters that describe the mining and geological conditions of the locality. Changes in the area of the goaf, based the results of tensometric measurements, will also be placed in context., Eva Jiránková, Lubomír Staš, Vlastimil Kajzar and Hana Doležalová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication, known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge, central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure, inflammation and anesthesia in the etiopathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema are considered in detail. The management of the patient and experimental models of neurogenic pulmonary edema are also discussed., J. Šedý, J. Zicha, J. Kuneš, P. Jendelová, E. Syková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Many aspects of protein function regulation require specific protein-protein interactions to carry out the exact biochemical and cellular functions. The highly conserved members of the 14-3-3 protein family mediate such interactions and through binding to hundreds of other proteins provide multitude of regulatory functions, thus playing key roles in many cellular processes. The 14-3-3 protein binding can affect the function of the target protein in many ways including the modulation of its enzyme activity, its subcellular localization, its structure and stability, or its molecular interactions. In this minireview, we focus on mechanisms of the 14-3- 3 protein-dependent regulation of three important 14-3-3 binding partners: yeast neutral trehalase Nth1, regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (RGS3), and phosducin., V. Obsilova ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of this study is to show how the emotions - in particular the so-called "passions of the soul" - were understood and interpreted in the medical thinking of the late Enlightenment. We focus chiefly on three innovations in 18th century medicine: the "discovery" of the neuro-cerebral system (the ’birth’ of neurology); the search for the "seat" of illnesses in particular organs (the "birth" of pathological anatomy); and the gradual separation of the body and the soul as objects of medical enquiry (the "birth of psychiatry). We consider whether, and to what extent, these innovations contributed to the breakdown of the "old" diagnostic paradigms of the "passions of the soul", or whether in fact they helped to maintain them. We also discuss to what extent the consideration of these passions fostered a new approach to the relationship between the body and the soul in Enlightenment medicine. Some of the phenomena studied are illustrated by specific examples of (erotic) love and melancholy. and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Článek pojednává o specifikách práce lékaře vědecké expedice a pobytu a života na polární výzkumné stanici v Antarktidě. Kromě náčrtu každodenních problémů, první autor také nahlíží do historie působení lékařů v Antarktidě, pojednává o výsledcích biomedicínských výzkumných aktivit provedených v letech 2011–2014 a krátce popisuje režim běžného dne na vědecké stanici v Antarktidě., The paper describes specific aspects of work of a scientific expedition doctor and the stay and life at a polar research station in Antarctica. Apart from the outline of everyday problems, the first named author also learns about the history of medical practitioners working in Antarctica, writes about the results of the biomedical research activities conducted in the period of 2011–2014 and briefly describes the daily routine at a scientific polar station in Antarctica., and Kristián Brat, Ondřej Zvěřina
Peroperační léčba karcinomu močového měchýře invadujícího svalovinu se v posledních letech stala standardem. Nové látky jako inhibitory PD1/PD-L1 otevřely u metastazujícího karcinomu močového měchýře dveře pro imunomodulační léčbu. Článek se zaměřuje na data, která již změnila nebo mají potenciál změnit medikamentozní léčbu pokročilého karcinomu močového měchýře, doprovázená přehledem literatury a relevantních informací z hlavních odborných setkání (EAU, ASCO, GU-ASCO, AUA)., Perioperative treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer has become standard in the last years. New agents like PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors have opened the door for immunomodulating therapy in metastasized bladder cancer. This article focuses on data which has changed or has the potential to change the medical treatment of advanced bladder cancer with a review of literature and proceedings of major meetings (EAU, ASCO, GU-ASCO, AUA)., and Schmid S. C., Gschwend J. E., Retz M.