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3012. Nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary hypertension: lessons from knockout mice
- Creator:
- Fagan, K. A., McMurtry, I., and Rodman, D. M.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, plicní hypertenze, nitric oxide, pulmonary hypertension, knockout mice, pulmonary vasoreactivity, vascular remodeling, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in a wide variety of biological roles. NO is generated from three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) all of which are found in the lung. While there are no isoform-specific inhibitors of NOS, the recent development and characterization of mice deficient in each of the NOS isoforms has allowed for more comprehensive study of the importance of NO in the lung circulation. Studies in the mouse have identified the role of NO from eNOS in modulating pulmonary vascular tone and in attenuating the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension., K. A. Fagan, I. McMurtry, D. M. Rodman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3013. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition and Glutamate Binding in Quinolinate-Lesioned Rat Hippocampus
- Creator:
- Václav Lisý and František Šťastný
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Quinolinic acid, NMDA receptor, Membrane binding, Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Neurodegeneration, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_The effect of lesions induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of quinolinate (250 nmol of QUIN/ventricle), a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, on [3H]glutamate ([3H]Glu) binding to the main types of both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR and mGluR) was investigated in synaptic membrane preparations from the hippocampi of 50-day-old rats. The membranes from QUIN injured brains revealed significantly lowered binding in iGluR (by 31 %) as well as in mGluR (by 22 %) as compared to the controls. Using selected glutamate receptor agonists as displacers of [3H]Glu binding we found that both the NMDA-subtype of iGluR and group I of mGluR are involved in this decrease of binding. Suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production by NG-nitro-L-arginine (50 nmol of NARG/ventricle) or the increase of NO generation by 3-morpholinylsydnoneimine (5 nmol of SIN-1/ventricle) failed to alter [3H]Glu or [3H]CPP (3-((D)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-[1,2-3H]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid; NMDA-antagonist) binding declines caused by QUIN-lesions. Thus, our findings indicate that both the NMDA-subtype of iGluR and group I of mGluR are susceptible to the QUIN-induced neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus. However, the inhibition of NO synthesis did not reveal any protective action in the QUIN-evoked, NMDA-receptor mediated decrease of [3H]Glu binding., a2_Therefore, the additional mechanisms of QUIN action, different from direct NMDA receptor activation/NO production (e.g. lipid peroxidation induced by QUIN-Fe-complexes) cannot be excluded., V. Lisý, F. Šťastný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3014. Nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels correlate with gene expression of angiotensin II type-1 but not type-2 receptors, renin or angiotensin converting enzyme in selected brain areas
- Creator:
- Křižanová, O., Kiss, A., Žáčiková, Ľ., and Daniela Ježová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, genová exprese, mozek, gene expression, brain, angiotensin II, nitric oxide synthase, AT1 receptors, AT2 receptors, rat brain, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recent data suggest that there is interaction between peripheral angiotensin II and nitric oxide. However, sparse information is available on the mutual interaction of these two compounds in the brain. The potential intercourse of nitric oxide with brain neuropeptides needs to be substantiated by assessing its local production and gene expression of the synthesizing enzymes involved. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the gene expression of brain nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) is related to the sites of gene expression of different components of the rat brain renin angiotensin system (renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin receptors of AT1 and AT2 subtypes). The levels of corresponding mRNAs were measured and correlated in nine structures of adult rat brain (hippocampus, amygdala, septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, pons, medulla and cerebellum). As was expected, positive correlation was observed between renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme mRNAs. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between brain NO synthase and AT1 receptor mRNAs, but not with mRNA of the AT2 receptor, ACE and renin. Parallel distribution of mRNAs coding for bNOS and AT1 receptors in several rat brain structures suggests a possible interaction between brain angiotensin II and nitric oxide, which remains to be definitely demonstrated by other approaches., O. Križanová, A. Kiss, Ľ. Žáčiková, D. Ježová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3015. Nitric oxide-compromised hypertension: facts and enigmas
- Creator:
- Mária Gerová
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, polyaminy, hypertension, polyamines, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- NO concentration in the femoral artery and femoral vein of anesthetized dogs was found to be 154.2± 5.6 nM and 90.0± 12 nM, respectively. Inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) slightly decreased the basal NO concentration in femoral artery from 154.2± 5.6 to 137.2± 3.3 nM. Acetylcholine-induced increase in NO concentration was slightly but still significantly attenuated, suggesting that very probably L-NAME did not inhibit all sources of nitric oxide (NO). Local NOS inhibition in the posterior hypothalamus dose-dependently increased systemic blood pressure (BP) in rats. Short-term general NOS inhibition in anesthetized dogs increased diastolic BP but not systolic BP. The heart rate after one-hour down-fluctuation returned to initial values. Proteosynthesis in the myocardium and both branches of the left coronary artery increased, but this was not supported by polyamines, since the activity of ornithine decarboxylase declined. Long-term general NOS inhibition elicited a sustained BP increase, a decrease in heart rate, cardiac hypertrophy and an increase in wall thickness of the coronary and carotid artery. The results indicate that NO deficiency itself plays a role in proteosynthesis and cardiac hypertrophy, in spite of relatively small increase in diastolic blood pressure and no change in systolic blood pressure, at least after an acute L-NAME administration. The hypotension response to acetylcholine and bradykinin studied in anesthetized NO-compromised rats, was unexpectedly enhanced. The elucidation of this paradoxical phenomenon will require further experiments., M. Gerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3016. Nízkointenzitná laserová terapia a hojenie rán: základ interakcií laser-tkanivo a krátký prehľad in vitro a in vivo štúdií
- Creator:
- Poláková, Martina, Kilík, Róbert, and Gál, Peter
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- lasery, lasers, 6, and 535
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Low-level laser therapy belongs to a group of interactions of laser radiation with living tissues and cells. The exact underlying mechanism of action at the molecular level as well as the exact relationships between laser radiation parameters (Wavelength, intensity, and dose) and wound healing process are still not known. In this review basic principals of low-level laser therapy from laser beam origin through radiation interaction with tissues to experimental and clinical studies are discussed., Martina Poláková, Róbert Kilík, Peter Gál., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3017. NMDA and AMPA receptors: development and status epilepticus
- Creator:
- Szczurowska, E. and Pavel Mareš
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mozek, mutace (biologie), epilepsie, brain, mutation (biology), epilepsy, glutamate receptors, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission (Dingeldine et al. 1999). The high level of glutamatergic excitation allows the neonatal brain (the 2 nd postnatal week in rat) to develop quickly but it also makes it highly prone to age-specific seizures that can cause lifelong neurological and cognit ive disability (Haut et al. 2004). There are three types of ionotropic glutamate receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) named according to their prototypic agonists: N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) and kainate (KA). During early stages of postnatal development glutamate receptors of NMDA and AMPA type undergo intensive functional changes owing to modifications in their subunit composition (Carter et al. 1988, Watanabe et al. 1992, Monyer et al. 1994, Wenzel et al. 1997, Sun et al. 1998, Lilliu et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2002, Matsuda et al. 2002, Wee et al. 2008, Henson et al. 2010, Pachernegg et al. 2012, Paoletti et al. 2013). Participation and role of these receptors in mechanisms of seizures and epilepsy became one of the main targets of intensive investigation (De Sarro et al. 2005, Di Maio et al. 2012, Rektor 2013). LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo) induced status epilepticus is a model of severe seizures resulting in development temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This review will consider developmental changes and contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors in LiCl/Pilo model of status epilepticus in immature rats., E. Szczurowska, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3018. NMDA receptor activation induces mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
- Creator:
- Gao, X., Xu, X., Pang, J., Zhang, C., Ding, J. M., Peng, X., Liu, Y., and Cao,Ji-Min
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie živočichů, vápník, cytochromy, srdce, animal physiology, calcium, cytochromes, heart, kaspáza-3, and caspase-3
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Glutamate is a well-characterized excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, glutamate receptors (GluRs) were also found in peripheral tissues, including the heart. However, the function of GluRs in peripheral organs remains poorly understood. In the present study, we found that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) could increase intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) level in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. NMDA at 10-4 M increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytosolic cytochrome c (cyto c), and 17-kDa caspase-3, but depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, NMDA treatment induced an increase in ba x mRNA but a decrease in bcl-2 mRNA expression in the cardiomyocytes. The above effects of NMDA were bloc ked by the NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl- 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801), and by ROS scavengers glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystein (NAC). These results suggest that stimulation of NMDA receptor in the cardiomyocyte may lead to apoptosis via a Ca2+, ROS, and caspase-3 mediated pathway. These findings suggest that NMDA receptor may play an important role in myocardial pathogenesis., X. Gao, X. Xu, J. Pang, C. Zhang, J. M. Ding, X. Peng, Y. Liu, J.-M. Cao., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3019. No association between current depression and latent toxoplasmosis in adults
- Creator:
- Gale, Shawn D, Berrett, Andrew N, Brown, Bruce, Erickson, Lance D, and Hedges, Dawson W
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Toxoplasma gondii, major depressive disorder, NHANES, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Changes in behaviour and cognition have been associated with latent infection from the apicomplexan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) in both animal and human studies. Further, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia have also been associated with latent toxoplasmosis. Previously, we found no association between T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) seropositivity and depression in human adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years (n = 1 846) in a sample representative of the United States collected by the Centers for Disease Control as part of a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from three datasets collected between 1999-2004. In the present study, we used NHANES data collected between 2009 and 2012 that included subjects aged 20 to 80 years (n = 5 487) and used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) to assess depression with the overall aim of testing the stability of the results of the prior study. In the current study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii was 13%. The percentage of subjects reporting clinical levels of depression assessed with the PHQ-9 was 8%. As before, we found no association between T. gondii IgG seroprevalence and depression (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81-1.25; p = 0.944) while controlling for sex, educational attainment, race-ethnicity, age, poverty-to-income ratio and cigarette smoking. We also found no positive associations between anti-T. gondii antibody titre and depression (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96-1.06; p = 0.868). Moreover, we found no association between T. gondii seroprevalence or antibody titre and suicidal ideation (seroprevalence: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = .85-1.75; p = 0.277, titre: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.98-1.14; p = 0.177)., Defining depression to also include subjects currently taking antidepressant medication even with non-elevated questionnaires did not find evidence of a positive association between latent toxoplasmosis and depression. In the present study, neither T. gondii seroprevalence nor anti-T. gondii antibody titre was positively associated with depression or suicidal ideation among subjects aged 20 to 80 years., Shawn D. Gale, Andrew N. Berrett, Bruce Brown, Lance D. Erickson, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3020. No association between latent toxoplasmosis and multiple body measures in U.S. adults
- Creator:
- Berrett, Andrew N, Gale, Shawn D, Erickson, Lance D, Brown, Bruce L, and Hedges, Dawson W
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- testosteron, testosterone, Toxoplasma gondii, height, BMI, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an intracellular parasite that can cause ongoing latent infection persisting for the duration of a non-definitive host's life. Affecting approximately one-third of the world's population, latent toxoplasmosis has been associated with neuropsychological outcomes and a previous report suggested an association between latent toxoplasmosis and adult height. Given the large number of people with latent toxoplasmosis and its potential associations with human height, we sought to better understand the association between latent toxoplasmosis and human morphology by evaluating seropositivity for T. gondii and multiple body measures reported in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) and in the more recent continuous NHANES data sets from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for which data on T. gondii are available. In these analyses, latent toxoplasmosis was not associated with any of the body measures assessed in the NHANES datasets even after taking into account interactions between latent toxoplasmosis and testosterone suggesting that in these samples, latent toxoplasmosis is not associated with adult morphology including height., Andrew N. Berrett, Shawn D. Gale, Lance D. Erickson, Bruce L. Brown, Dawson W. Hedges., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public