After the political crackdown of 1968, the atmosphere had become unbearable, and the situation got worse. Because Czechoslovak science had become a strong political force during 1968, it is not surprising that the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences figured on the list of watched institutions. A day after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops, the CAS was closed by order of the commanding officer. The destruction of Czechoslovak science in the 1970s has proceeded slowly but systematically, not lacking, however, a "legal" basis. and František Janouch.
From March 1848 through July 1849, the Habsburg Austrian Empire was threatened by revolutionary movements. Much of the revolutionary activity was of a nationalist character: the empire, ruled from Vienna, included Austrian Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Romanians, Serbs, Italians, and Croats, all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. and Milan Hlavačka.
On August 21, 1968, the Soviet and its Warsaw Pact allies invaded the Czechoslovak Republic, after negotiations failed, to prevent Alexander Dubcek´s Prague Spring reforms from continuing. The Soviets mustered thousands of troops from most Warsaw pact countries. The invasion was successful in stopping democratization reforms and strengthening the authority of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. and Jitka Vondrová.
Liberalization of political and ideological barriers after the fall of Communistic regime in Czechoslovakia in 1989 has led to intensification of research of period 1918-1948. Although it presents relatively short historical period, it involved some milestones like first Czechoslovak Republic, after-Munich fall of democratic parliamentary, the Second World War and transformation after the war, that altogether resulted in start of Communistic regime in February 1948. and Jaroslav Šebek.
In the history of Czechoslovakia, "normalization" is the name given to the period from the 1969 to the 80´s. It was characterized by initial restoration of which was led by Alexander Dubček (1968-1969) and subsequent preservation of this new status quo. Normalization is sometimes used in a narrower sense to refer only to the period between 1969 and 1971. When Gustav Husák became the leader of the KSČ in place of Alexander Dubček in April 1969 after the military intervention of Warsaw Pact armies, his regime acted quickly to "normalize" the country´s political situation. and JIří Hoppe.
Almost any Czech you ask about the most significant years containing "eight" in Czech history would be able to name at least three: 1918, 1938 and 1968. It is indisputable that all of these historic milestones were of great importance to the fate of out nation. The last three articles are thematically focused on the politics of our statesmen Masaryk, Beneš or Štefánik during the Christmas. and Josef Harna.