Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protists (apicomplexans) of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and is considered to be the most important disease faced by rabbit breeders due to its high morbidity. In the present study, the antioxidant status and changes in apoptosis and in the expression of some genes were quantified in rabbits' ilea following infection with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948. Rabbits, orally infected with 1 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. intestinalis, started to shed oocysts in their faeces on 8 days post infection (dpi) and reached maximum excretion on 10 dpi, with approximately 5 million oocysts. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the live body weight of infected rabbits. Also, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased while catalase and glutathione were significantly decreased in the ileum tissues of the infected rabbits. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the percentages of apoptotic cells in the ilea of the infected rabbits. Furthermore, interleukin-1β and interleukin-2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated and mRNA levels of interleukin-6, interferon gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly up-regulated, while those of C-reactive protein remained unchanged. We conclude that infection with E. intestinalis induces oxidative stress, a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a diverse and robust Th1 and Th1-related cytokine response in the ileum tissues., Heba M. Abdel-Haleem, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Thabet Sakran, Gamal El-Shahawy, Huda El-Fayoumi, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We derive two identities for multiple basic hyper-geometric series associated with the unitary U(n+1) group. In order to get the two identities, we first present two known q-exponential operator identities which were established in our earlier paper. From the two identities and combining them with the two U(n + 1) q-Chu-Vandermonde summations established by Milne, we arrive at our results. Using the identities obtained in this paper, we give two interesting identities involving binomial coefficients. In addition, we also derive two nontrivial summation equations from the two multiple extensions., Jian-Ping Fang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In many recent articles, medians have been used as a replacement of integral averages when the function fails to be locally integrable. A point x in a metric measure space (X,d,μ) is called a generalized Lebesgue point of a measurable function f if the medians of f over the balls B(x,r) converge to f(x) when r converges to 0. We know that almost every point of a measurable, almost everywhere finite function is a generalized Lebesgue point and the same is true for every point of a continuous function. We show that a function f\in M{s,p}(X),0<s<1,0<p<1, where X is a doubling metric measure space, has generalized Lebesgue points outside a set of Hh-Hausdorff measure zero for a suitable gauge function h., Nijjwal Karak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We study classifying problems of real hypersurfaces in a complex two-plane Grassmannian G_{2} (\mathbb{C}^{m+2}). In relation to the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection, we consider that the generalized Tanaka-Webster derivative of the normal Jacobi operator coincides with the covariant derivative. In this case, we prove complete classifications for real hypersurfaces in G_{2} (\mathbb{C}^{m+2})satisfying such conditions., Eunmi Pak, Juan de Dios Pérez, Young Jin Suh., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 in Poland based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genes of worms isolated from red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus). Overall, 83 adults of E. multilocularis from the same number of foxes in different parts of Poland were used for analysis. Sequences of the three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (cob), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were analysed. Seventy-four individual biological samples were successfully sequenced. Combined sequence analysis of these three genes exhibited fifteen Polish haplotypes (EmPL1-EmPL15). Most isolates (n = 29; 39%) were classified to the EmPL1 haplotype, which occurred mainly in the east, north and centre of Poland. Haplotype EmPL4 (n = 14; 19%) and other haplotypes appeared predominantly in the south and west area. Fourteen haplotypes were grouped in the European clade. One Polish haplotype (EmPL9) (n = 7, 10%) was assigned to the Asian clade with haplotypes from Japan and Kazakhstan. This haplotype was found only in northeast Poland and this is the westernmost report of haplotype of E. multilocularis belonging to the Asian clade in Europe. The investigation demonstrated that populations of E. multilocularis in Poland (and probably also in eastern Europe) included not only different European haplotypes but also those of the Asian origin., Jacek Karamon, Krzysztof Stojecki, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Ewa Bilska-Zajac, Mirosław Rózycki, Ewa Chmurzyńska, Jacek Sroka, Jolanta Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Four species of Anagrus (A. breviphragma Soyka, A. incarnatus Haliday, A. fennicus Soyka and A. obscurus Foerster sensu Soyka), that live on Carex riparia Curtis (Cyperaceae) in uncultivated areas along the Po river in the Piacenza province in Italy were analysed using RAPD markers in order to investigate their genetic relationships. High levels of RAPD polymorphism were found in the genus Anagrus, which permitted the fingerprinting of the four species. Analysis of average genetic similarities within species and comparison with average values between species confirms that A. breviphragma, A. incarnatus, A. fennicus and A. obscurus represent four genetically distinct species. A dendrogram constructed from molecular data of single families clearly clustered the four species in different groups, their mutual position reflecting morphological and biological observations., Elisabetta Chiappini, Lucia Soressi, Corrado Fogher, Marco Zanirato, and Lit
Graves' disease affects approximately 3 % of women and 0.5 % of men. The first-choice therapy is based on the administration of thyrostatic drugs. However, approximately half of patients relapse within two years of discontinuation. These patients must then decide whether to re-initiate thyrostatics, which may have serious side effects, or to undergo surgery or radioiodine treatment. Familial forms of Graves' disease indicate a significant genetic component, with twin studies demonstrating a contribution of genetic factors up to 70-80 %. The autoimmune nature of the disease involves the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which has a decisive impact on each individual's immune response. Within HLA, some variants of the DRB1 , DQA1 and DQB1 genes appear to be possible predictors of the development and recurrence of Graves' disease. Outside the HLA region, many variants of immunocompetent genes have also been identified as potential Graves' disease predictors. Apart from the immune system, some thyroid-specific genes have been described in relation to the disease. Here, we present current knowledge regarding the genetic components involved in the development and recurrence of Graves' disease. Further, we present original pilot results from a cohort of Czech Graves' disease patients regarding the HLA variants., D. Vejrazkova, J. Vcelak, E. Vaclavikova, M. Vankova, K. Zajickova, M. Duskova, J. Vrbikova, B. Bendlova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The issue of plasma triglyceride levels relative to the risk of development of cardiovascular disease, as well as overall mortality, has been actively discussed for many years. Like other cardiovascular disease risk factors, final plasma TG values have environmental influences (primarily dietary habits, physical activity, and smoking), and a genetic predisposition. Rare mutations (mainly in the lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C2) along with common polymorph isms (within apolipoprotein A5, glucokinase regulatory protein, apolipoprotein B, apolipo - protein E, cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 -like 3 , glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored HDL -binding protein 1) play an important role in determining plasma TG levels., L. Schwarzova, J. A. Hubacek, M. Vrablik., and Obsahuje bibliografii