Angiofibromas are rare vascular tumors which originate predominantly in the nasopharynx and occur typically in male adolescents. Extranasopharyngeal sites such as nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are less frequent. This review article was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, clinical features and management of extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas originating exclusivelly from nasal cavity structures. Our focus of interest was to evaluate the significance of immunohistochemical analysis in diagnosis of such extremely rare neoplasms. In the PubMed and Google Search, we found only 39 cases of nasal angifibroma, 27 males and 12 females from 1980 to 2012. The most prevalent site of origin was nasal septum, followed by inferior and middle turbinate. The commonest symptoms were nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Nasal angiofibromas are clinically distinct from nasopharyneal angiofibromas and can therefore be misdiagnosed. The differential diagnosis includes other vascular lesions, such as lobular capillary hemangioma and sinonasal-type hemangiopericytoma. Although immunohistochemistry is not necessary for differentiation between angiofibroma and capillary hemangioma, that diagnostic procedure may be helpful in distinction from sinonasal hemangiopericytoma. As an ilustration for immunohistochemical analysis, we presented a case of an elderly woman with tumor arising from the middle turbinate, diagnosed as angiofibroma. The staining was positive for CD34, CD31, factor VIII, vimentin and smooth muscle alpha-actin, and negative for desmin. and A. Perić, J. Sotirović, S. Cerović, L. Zivić
Two anti-peptide antisera (anti-A and anti-B) raised against Gryllus bimaculatus allatostatin A1 (Grb-AST A1) and B1 (Grb-AST B1), respectively, were applied in the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical technique on complete series of sections from the brain, suboesophageal ganglion, corpora cardiaca (CC), and corpora allata (CA) of G. bimaculatus. Both antisera yielded intense staining of numerous cells and nerve fibres. Serial sections, alternately stained with anti-A and anti-B confirmed that the anti-B generally stained more cells and nerves. Extensive immunoreactivity in the retrocerebral complex suggests that the CC and CA may represent a storage and/or release site for both allatostatin types or allatostatin-like molecules produced in the brain., Günther Witek, Peter Verhaert, Matthias W. Lorenz, Klaus H. Hoffmann, and Lit
The normal retinal development is interrupted by preterm birth and a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may develop as its consequence. ROP is characterised by aberrant vessel formation in the retina as a response to multiple risk factors influencing the process of retinal angiogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF -1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play an important role in the process of normal retinal vascularisation. Insufficient nutrition during the first 4 postnatal weeks results in low serum levels of IGF-1, which is essential for correct retinal vessels formation, ensuring survival of the newly formed endothelial cells. Low IGF-1 level results in stop of angiogenesis in the retina, leaving it avascular and prompting the onset of ROP. Keeping the newborns in a positive energetic balance by providing enough nutrients and energy has a beneficial impact on their growth, neurodevelopment and decreased incidence of ROP. The best way to achieve this is the early parenteral nutrition with the high content of nutrients combined with early enteral feeding by the own mother's breast milk. Multiple studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of early aggressive nutrition but information about its long-term effects on the metabolism, growth and development is stil needed., N. Lenhartova, K. Matasova, Z. Lasabova, K. Javorka, A. Calkovska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Most studies of responses of insects to elevated carbon dioxide have been made using short-term exposures to treated food plants and have involved measurements of responses in growth, reproduction, food consumption and efficiencies of conversion at specific stages in the life cycle. These will be reviewed in the light of longer-term studies recently published where whole generations have been reared in chambers with simultaneous treatment of plants and where insects have been free to select their food and microenvironment. Factors such as seasonal change in plants, choice of food plant, mode of feeding, timing of exposure, temperature, the role of natural enemies are considered and the whole placed in the context of other aspects of climate change.
It is concluded that in studies to date, the only feeding guild in which some species have shown increases in population density in elevated carbon dioxide are the phloem feeders. Chewing insects (both free-living,and mining) generally have shown no change or reduction in abundance, though relative abundance may be greatly affected. Compensatory feeding is common in these groups., John B. Whittaker, and Lit
We investigated and evaluated post-irradiation survival in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient (COX-2 KO) mice. Thirty-day survival following exposure of COX-2 KO mice to a lethal dose of 8.5 Gy of γ-rays was observed to be statistically significantly lower in both males and females, as well as when the sexes were merged, in comparisons with their wild-type counterparts. These findings were related to the previous observations concerning the detrimental influence of the COX-2 genetic disruption on hematopoiesis in sublethally irradiated mice. Deteriorated postirradiation survival of COX-2 KO mice confirmed the previously anticipated conclusion regarding negative influence of the antiinflammatory action of COX-2 deficiency under the conditions of exposure of the animals to ionizing radiation., M. Hofer, Z. Hoferová, A. Gruzdev, L. Dušek, M. Falk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Resistance to vitamin D has been known for decades as vitamin D resistant rickets, caused by mutations of the gene encoding for vitamin D receptor (VDR). Findings of extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D and learning of the molecular mechanisms used by its biologically active metabolite calcitriol revealed other ways leading to its impaired sensitivity. Calcitriol takes advantage of both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms through its binding to vitamin D receptor, located not only in the cell nuclei but also in a perinuclear space. On the genomic level the complex of calcitriol bound to VDR binds to the DNA responsive elements of the controlled gene in concert with another nuclear receptor, retinoid X receptor, and expression of the VDR itself is controlled by its own ligand. These elements were found not only in the promotor region, but are scattered over the gene DNA. The gene expression includes a number of nuclear transcription factors which interact with the responsive elements and with each other and learning how they operate would further contribute to revealing causes of the impaired vitamin D sensitivity. Finally, the examples of major disorders are provided, associated with impairment of the vitamin D function and its receptor., L. Máčová, M. Bičíková, R. Hampl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vaginální kulička NaturGyn Scarlett obsahuje 8 rostlinných drog. Je určena pro léčbu chronických a rekurentních stavů vaginálního diskomfortu. Její popisovaná 90% účinnost je vysvětlitelná i rozborem účinků jednotlivých složek metodami klasické „západní“ farmakologie. Lze ji také zařadit do managementu chronických výtoků mezi eradikaci patogena a restituci poševního prostředí probiotiky., A NaturGyn Scarlett vaginal ball contains 8 herbal drugs. It is designed for the treatment of chronic and recurrent conditions of vaginal discomfort. Its described 90% efficacy can also be explained, based on the analysis of effects of its individual components, using the methods of conventional Western pharmacology. It can also be included in the management of chronic discharge, between eradication of pathogens and restoration of vaginal environment with probiotics., and Tomáš Fait
Rozpor mezi vědeckou evidencí a zdravotnickou praxí vede k nižší úrovni zdraví v populaci, a patří proto dnes k jedné z největších výzev v oblasti veřejného zdraví. Na tuto výzvu reaguje relativně nový a v České a Slovenské republice i dosud neznámý vědecký obor, který se nazývá implementační věda (implementation science). Cílem tohoto článku je představit základní východiska a poznatky implementační vědy českému a slovenskému publiku. Článek vychází z analýzy základních koncepčních článků publikovaných zejména v časopise Implementation Science. Obsah tvoří definice implementační vědy; popis implementačního procesu včetně identifikace jeho aktérů, kontextu a bariér; a popis modelů používaných v procesu implementace. Článek je doplněn o příklady z praxe relevantní pro českou a slovenskou neurologii a psychiatrii. Implementační věda přináší systematické poznatky a metody, které umožňují snižovat mezeru mezi vědeckou evidencí a praxí ve zdravotnictví., The conflict between scientific evidence and health care practice is associated with decrease in population health and currently represents one of the most urgent public health challenges. This challenge is being addressed by a relatively new scientific branch of Implementation Science, not yet known in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The aim of this paper is to introduce the foundations of the Implementation Science to the Czech and Slovak audiences. The paper is based on a review of fundamental articles published mostly in the Implementation Science journal. The paper provides definitions of the Implementation Science, namely description of an implementation process including its actors, context and barriers as well as models applicable to implementation practice. The paper is complemented with practical examples related to the Czech and Slovak practice in neurology and psychiatry. The Implementation Science produces knowledge and methods to reduce the gap between scientific evidence and health care practice. Key words: implementation science – knowledge gap – population health – neurology – psychiatry The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and P. Winkler, A. Weissová, E. Ehler