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22742. The NADPH oxidase inhibitors iodonium diphenyl and cadmium sulphate inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arteries
- Creator:
- Jones, R. D., Thompson, J. S., and Alyn H. Morice
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, NADPH oxidase, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, iodonium diphenyl cadmium sulphate, isolated rat pulmonary artery, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Interest surrounds the role of an NADPH oxidase-like enzyme in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We have studied the effects of the NADPH oxidase inhibitors iodonium diphenyl (ID) and cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) upon HPV of isolated rat pulmonary arteries (n = 73, internal diameter 545± 23 mm). Vessels were preconstricted with prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a, 0.5 or 5 mM) prior to a hypoxic challenge. ID (10 or 50 mM), CdSO4 (100 mM) or vehicle (50 ml) was added for 30 min before re-exposure to PGF2a and hypoxia. ID and CdSO4 significantly inhibited HPV. In vessels preconstricted with 5 mM PGF2a, ID (10 and 50 mM) reduced HPV from 37.4± 5.6 % to 9.67± 4.4 % of the contractile response elicited by 80 mM KCl (P<0.05) and from 30.1± 5.0 % to 0.63± 0.6% 80 mM KCl response (P<0.01), respectively. CdSO4 (100 mM) reduced HPV from 29.4±4.0 % to 17.1±2.2% 80 mM KCl response (P<0.05). In vessels preconstricted with 0.5 mM PGF2a, ID (10 and 50 mM) reduced HPV from 16.0± 3.15% to 3.36± 1.44 % 80 mM KCl response (P<0.01) and from 15.0± 1.67 % to 2.82± 1.40 % 80 mM KCl response (P<0.001), respectively. Constriction to PGF2a was potentiated by ID. ID and CdSO4, at concentrations previously shown to inhibit neutrophil NADPH oxidase, attenuate HPV in isolated rat pulmonary arteries. This suggests that an NADPH oxidase-like enzyme is involved in HPV and could act as the pulmonary oxygen sensor., R. D. Jones, J. S. Thompson, A. H. Morice., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22743. The nervous system of Polystoma indicum (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) as revealed by nonspecific esterase localization
- Creator:
- Dutta, M. and Tandon, V.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Polystoma indicum, Polystomatida, Monogenea, nervous system, and nonspecific esterases
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Using the localization of nonspecific esterases, the nervous system of Polystoma indicum Diengdoh et Tandon, 1991 could be revealed in toto. The nervous system is bilaterally symmetrical. Cerebral ganglia, which are connected by a thick dorsal commissure, are present dorsal to the pharynx. From the cerebral ganglia arise five anterior pairs and four posterior pairs of nerve trunks. The anterior nerves and/or their fine branches join to form a conspicuous circumoral nerve ring complex. The posterior nerves unite in the opisthaptoral region to form two main haptoral nerves, the branches from which innervate the components of the opisthaptor. Presence of nerve cells is also revealed in association with the main nerves, more predominantly in the vicinity of the opisthaptoral suckers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22744. The net of the church: inscriptions of the keystones of the choir vault of St. Barbara in Kutná Hora
- Creator:
- Milena Bartlová and Zdeněk V. David
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, dějiny umění, klenby, katedrály, nápisy, history of art, vaults (architecture), cathedrals, inscriptions, Kutná Hora (Česko), Kutná Hora (Czechia), 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Milena Bartlová ; translated from the Czech by Zdeněk V. David., přeloženo z češtiny, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22745. The Northern Heğâz: a topographical itinerary
- Creator:
- Musil, Alois
- Publisher:
- American Geographical Society
- Format:
- print, svazek, and xii, 374 stran : fotografie, ilustrace, 2 mapy.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geografie jako věda. Výzkum. Cestování, cestování, objevné cesty, výzkumné expedice, dějiny, regionální geografie, Hejaz (Saúdská Arábie), Saúdská Arábie, 910.4, 910.3/.4, 913, (632), (0:82-992), 7, and 91
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- by Alois Musil. and Published under the patronage of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22746. The onset of apoptosis of neurons induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury is delayed by transient period of hypertension in rats
- Creator:
- Martin Smrčka, Marcel Horký, Filip Otevřel, Šárka Kuchtíčková, Vladimír Kotala, and Jan Mužík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, apoptóza, hypertension, apoptosis, neuroprotection, MADD, PARP-1, Caspase-3, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_We investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of transient hypertension on neuronal cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Recovery of neurons, terminally differentiated cells, is almost entirely dependent upon active transcription and repair of DNA damage. We focused on the histochemical detection of distribution of NOR (argyrophylic nucleolar proteins) reflecting nucleolar integrity, immunohistochemical detection of PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1), MADD (mitogen-activated death domain), a protein accumulated in nucleoli upon stimulation by ischemia, the active form of caspase-3, a universal proteolytic enzyme of apoptosis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end-labeling method (TUNEL) proved the presence of in situ DNA fragmentation. We used the model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats with occlusion of middle cerebral artery. In experimental group of rats, the transient hypertension was induced by constriction of the abdominal aorta. The period of ischemia lasted 15, 30, 60 and 120 min followed by 48 h of reperfusion. We examined the frontal lobe of the ipsilateral hemisphere for apoptosis of neurons and compared it with the intact brain tissue. In normotensive rats with transient focal cerebral ischemia, we found disintegrated nucleoli of cortical as well as subcortical neurons at all investigated periods of ischemia, whereas the neurons of intact animals showed compact nucleoli with a few satellites. Nuclear positivity for MADD and PARP-1 was apparent in the neocortex after 15 min and peaked after 30 min of ischemia. On the other hand, the subcortical neurons showed nuclear positivity after 60 and 120 min. The immunohistochemical reaction for active caspase 3 was apparent after 30 min onwards predominantly in the cortex. The TUNEL staining was distinct after 60 and 120 min., a2_In hypertensive rats, we found nucleolar disintegration, positivity for MADD, PARP-1 and caspase 3 after 30 min cortically and subcortically, followed by TUNEL positive staining of cortical neurons after 60 and 120 min. In summary, we detected delayed activation of neuronal apoptosis in transiently hypertensive rats with focal cerebral ischemia compared to normotensive animals. The apoptotic phenotype was confirmed by a panel of complementary methods showing rapid proteolysis-nucleolar segregation, MADD, PARP-1 and caspase-3 positivity as well as ultimate DNA fragmentation proved by the TUNEL assay., M. Smrčka, M. Horký, F. Otevřel, Š. Kuchtíčková, V. Kotala, J. Mužík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22747. The opposite polarity of the PQ segment compared to the P wave isointegral maps
- Creator:
- Katarína Kozlíková, Juraj Martinka, Ján Murín, and Jozef Bulas
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, arteriální hypertenze, infarkt myokardu, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, body surface potential mapping, atrial repolarisation, left ventricular hypertrophy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our work was to study the opposite polarity of the PQ segment to the P wave body surface potential maps in different groups of patients. We constructed isointegral maps (IIM) in 26 healthy controls (C), 16 hypertensives (HT), 26 patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 15 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We analyzed values and positions of map extrema and compared the polarity of maps using the correlation coefficien t. The IIM P maxima appeared mainly over the precordium, the minima mainly in the right subclavicular area. The highest ma xima were in the MI group, being significantly higher than in the HT and LVH groups. No differences concerning any values of other extrema were significant. The IIM PQ maxima were distributed over the upper half of the chest; the minima mainly over the middle sternum. A statistically significant opposite polarity between the IIM P and IIM PQ was found in 80 % of cases. The opposite polarity of the P wave and the PQ segment was proved in isointegral body surface maps. The extrema occurr ed in areas not examined by the standard chest leads. This has to be considered for diagnostic purposes., K. Kozlíková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
22748. The origin of 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone and its physiological role: a history of discoveries
- Creator:
- Luboslav Stárka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, CYP7B, immunomodulatory effects, occurrence, dehydroepiandrosterone, 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, neurosteroid, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nearly 60 years has elapsed since the first isolation and identification of 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, and in that time much information has been gained on its occurrence, metabolism, ontogeny, immunomodulatory activity, cell proliferation, cortisol control in local tissues and neuroactivity. Additional knowledge about this steroid may elucidate its role in obesity, neurodegenerative disturbances such as Alzheimer’s disease, or psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or depression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the available literature on 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone., L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22749. The origins of Poland in the light of testimonies of witnesses at the Kingdom of Poland versus the Teutonic Knights trial in 1422-1423
- Creator:
- Piotr Węcowski
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- I., polský král, Boleslav, asi 966-1025, III., římský císař, Ota, 980-1002, Jeruzalémští bratři, 15. století, medievalistika, paměť, řádoví rytíři, medievalistics, memory, knights of order, Polsko, and Poland
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In 1422-1423 a trial between the Teutonic Order and the Polish Kingdom took place in the presence of the pope´s envoy Zeno. Around 120 witnesses brought by the Polish side confirmed Poland´s rights to the disputed lands (including Pomerania). The author studies witnesses´ claims regarding the early history of Poland, namely its origins and the first decades of the existence of the kingdom. Witnesses recounted the establishment of the kingdom in AD 1000, during the meeting between the Emperor Otto III and Bolesław I Chrobry. They talked about the introduction of a special payment for the pope, the so-called denarius sancti Petri, usually associated with the activity of Kazimierz I, but also about the loss of the royal crown by Polish rulers, usually explained as a punishment for the murder of the bishop of Cracow Stanislaus by the King Bolesław II. According to the author, the witnesses´ knowledge about the beginnings of Poland was rather extensive, although it was very inaccurate. It was superficial, vague, imprecise, or simply false. It seems that the majority of the inhabitants of the Polish Kingdom, including its political and intellectual elites, were only familiar with a few historical characters and events. and Piotr Węcowski.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
22750. The osmotic component of ethanol and urea action is critical for their immediate stimulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release from rat brain septum
- Creator:
- Kučerová, J. and Vladimír Štrbák
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ethanol, močovina, urea, TRH, septum, cell volume, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption and sedation and TRH in the brain septum. Moreover, innate septal TRH concentration is inversely related to the degree of ethanol preference. Recently we demonstrated in rats that four-week ethanol drinking increased the septal TRH content by 50 %. We had shown previously that ethanol induces neuronal swelling, which is known to evoke the secretion of hormones, peptides and amino acids from various types of cells. We have therefore explored the effect of hyposmotic medium and of 80 and 160 mM ethanol and 80 mM urea (both permeant molecules) in isosmotic and hyperosmotic (preventing cell swelling) media on the in vitro release of TRH by the rat septum. Lowering medium osmolarity resulted in a hyposmolarity-related increase in TRH secretion. Both ethanol and urea stimulated TRH release only in isosmolar solution. Our data indicate that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling., J. Kučeorvá, V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public