Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protists (apicomplexans) of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and is considered to be the most important disease faced by rabbit breeders due to its high morbidity. In the present study, the antioxidant status and changes in apoptosis and in the expression of some genes were quantified in rabbits' ilea following infection with Eimeria intestinalis Cheissin, 1948. Rabbits, orally infected with 1 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. intestinalis, started to shed oocysts in their faeces on 8 days post infection (dpi) and reached maximum excretion on 10 dpi, with approximately 5 million oocysts. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the live body weight of infected rabbits. Also, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased while catalase and glutathione were significantly decreased in the ileum tissues of the infected rabbits. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the percentages of apoptotic cells in the ilea of the infected rabbits. Furthermore, interleukin-1β and interleukin-2 mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated and mRNA levels of interleukin-6, interferon gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly up-regulated, while those of C-reactive protein remained unchanged. We conclude that infection with E. intestinalis induces oxidative stress, a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and a diverse and robust Th1 and Th1-related cytokine response in the ileum tissues., Heba M. Abdel-Haleem, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Thabet Sakran, Gamal El-Shahawy, Huda El-Fayoumi, Saleh Al-Quraishy, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vysoké harmonické frekvencie optických frekvencií umožňujú generáciu attosekundových extrémnych UV pulzov a sledovanie ultrarýchlych procesov priamo v čase. V tomto článku si stručne popíšeme proces generácie vysokých harmonických frekvencií a ich zaujímavé vlastnosti. Ďalej uvedieme príklad využitia vysokých harmonických frekvencií k štúdiu dynamiky protónov v molekulách H2 a D2 na subfemtosekundovej škále., High-order harmonics of optical frequencies can be used to generate attosecond extreme ultra-violet pulses and to capture ultra-fast processes directly in time. We briefly describe the process of high harmonic generation and summarize interesting properties of high harmonics. We also present an example of exploitation of high harmonics to study proton dynamics in H2 and D2 molecules on a sub-femtosecond time scale., Eva Skopalová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We derive two identities for multiple basic hyper-geometric series associated with the unitary U(n+1) group. In order to get the two identities, we first present two known q-exponential operator identities which were established in our earlier paper. From the two identities and combining them with the two U(n + 1) q-Chu-Vandermonde summations established by Milne, we arrive at our results. Using the identities obtained in this paper, we give two interesting identities involving binomial coefficients. In addition, we also derive two nontrivial summation equations from the two multiple extensions., Jian-Ping Fang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A novel method called Generalized Average of Signals (GAS) for detection of very weak waves in seismograms is describe d and tested. The general principle of the GAS method is to take advantage of the cohe rency of the signal, which is extracted. The signals are shaped with moving window and converted to the frequency domain. Then they are non-linearly summed considering their complex representation (a mplitudes and phases). The method impr oves signal-to-noise ratio of coherent seismograms considerably. The GAS method is tested on sy nthetic seismograms and comp ared with the PWS method., Jiří Málek, Petr Kolínský, Jaroslav Štrunc and Jan Valenta., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In many recent articles, medians have been used as a replacement of integral averages when the function fails to be locally integrable. A point x in a metric measure space (X,d,μ) is called a generalized Lebesgue point of a measurable function f if the medians of f over the balls B(x,r) converge to f(x) when r converges to 0. We know that almost every point of a measurable, almost everywhere finite function is a generalized Lebesgue point and the same is true for every point of a continuous function. We show that a function f\in M{s,p}(X),0<s<1,0<p<1, where X is a doubling metric measure space, has generalized Lebesgue points outside a set of Hh-Hausdorff measure zero for a suitable gauge function h., Nijjwal Karak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We study classifying problems of real hypersurfaces in a complex two-plane Grassmannian G_{2} (\mathbb{C}^{m+2}). In relation to the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection, we consider that the generalized Tanaka-Webster derivative of the normal Jacobi operator coincides with the covariant derivative. In this case, we prove complete classifications for real hypersurfaces in G_{2} (\mathbb{C}^{m+2})satisfying such conditions., Eunmi Pak, Juan de Dios Pérez, Young Jin Suh., and Obsahuje seznam literatury