Tato studie se snaží o filosofickou analýzu problematických aspektů neurogeneze. V první řadě se zaměřuje na moderní historii neurogeneze, která je obecně považována za historii dogmatického přesvědčení, které předpokládalo, že v mozku dospělého savce nemohou vzniknout nové neurony. Tato konvence přežívala v neurovědě po několik desítek let a její kořeny sahají až do dob Ramóna y Cajala. Důležitá část této filosofické analýzy se zaměřuje na aspekt tzv. zaštiťování dogmatu pomocí ad hoc hypotéz. Analýza se dále věnuje implicitním definicím, které hrají roli axiomů neurovědy, a problematice falsifikace potenciálních falsifikátorů. Na konci této filosofické analýzy jsou prezentovány argumenty, které dospívají k tomu, že historie neurogeneze není historií dogmatického uvažování, jak většina autorů předpokládá, ale že jde o historii vědeckého pragmatismu., This study is seeking a philosophical analysis of the history of neurogenesis. History of neurogenesis is considered to be a history of dogmatic belief that new neurons cannot grow up in an adult mammalian brain. This belief survived in the field of neuroscience for several decades and its roots date back to the time of Ramón y Cajal. An important part of this philosophical analysis focuses on the aspect of the “shielding” of dogma by ad hoc hypotheses. The analysis further investigates implicit definitions, which play the role of axioms of Neuroscience, and problematic aspects of falsification. At the end of this philosophical analysis I present arguments supporting the opinion that history of neurogenesis is not in fact a history of dogmatic thinking, as most authors assume, but rather it is a history of scientific pragmatism., and Marek Havlík.
a1_We feature in this issue an article dedicated to Professor Antonín Holý - the renowned Czech chemist of international acclaim who discovered preparations that cure millions of patients worldwide - who died on July 16, 2012 at age 75, the same day the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a drug Prof. Holy helped to create, Truvada, for treating HIV. Preparations developed by Antonín Holý are among the most efficient and also accessible medicines for treating victims of AIDS, smallpox virus, shingles, eye inflammation and hepatitis B. Professor Holý began working at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in 1960. After three years he transferred to the Institute's new laboratory of nucleic acids chemistry, which he led for twenty years. He was Director of the Institute for eight years (1994-2002). A milestone in Holy's career was in 1976 when he met Erik de Clercq, the Belgian virologist at the Leuven University. This began very effective cooperation on a new group of potential antiviral drugs. Their focus was on acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, several of which they successfully transposed to medicines (Vistide, Hepsera, Viread, Truvada. Atripla) in cooperation with the U.S. pharmaceutical partner. Gilead Sciences. Dr. Holý not only developed the preparations but was also able to find partners to make the necessary biological tests and the companies to produce the medicines. The preparations he developed have become the basis of a modem treatment of a number of serious diseases. Despite all the intemational attention his important research brought him. Professor Holý remained a modest individual, who throughout his life placed particular emphasis on conscientious scientific work. He considered himself to be mainly a scientific employee, even when Director of the IOCB of the ASCR., a2_ "Personally, I would not have advanced in my work to where I am today in any other organization than the Academy of Sciences," he declared several years ago. Antonín Holý was one of the most successful Czech scientists who also lectured internationally. His most influential discoveries have yielded a successful treatment for AIDS and type B viral hepatitis. His research dealt with the chemistry of nucleic acids analogs and he registered more than 60 patents and co-authored 600 scientific papers. His work has been cited more than 10,000 times., and Marina Hužvárová, Gabrieal Adámková s využitím rozhovoru Karla Pacnera.
Plant virology department of the Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, is successful in description and sequencing of mycoviruses and plant viruses, recently. Most of the newly described viruses have unique genome organization and did not induce disease symptoms in their plant of fungal hosts, respectively. By contrast, some mycoviruses debilitate their hosts and are promising as tools for biological control of harmful fungi. and Karel Petrzik, Ondřej Lenz.