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2. A priori a matematika u Berkeleyho
- Creator:
- Marek Tomeček
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Berkeley, George, 1685-1753, filozofie, matematika, empirismus, philosophy, mathematics, empiricism, a priori, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- According to the Oxford English Dictonary George Berkeley introduced the term a priori into English. His inspiration for this was, it seems, to be found partly in the writings of his immediate predecessors, particularly Pierre Bayle, and partly in his pedagogical work where he adjudicated disputations between his pupils. Some of his arguments against the existence of matter Berkeley tells us are a priori, others a posteriori. Even the a priori arguments are underpinned by prior semantic principles of an anti-abstractionist character, which are shown to be important particularly in the immaterialist philosophy of mathematics. Berkeley's courageously unorthodox, and generally unpublished, thoughts about mathematics thus grow from the same soil as his celebrated denial of matter., Marek Tomeček., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Antická pozitivní versus moderní negativní? Komparace pojetí svobody Benjamina Constanta a Isaiaha Berlina
- Creator:
- Jan Květina
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, osvícenství, liberalismus, republikanismus, philosophy, enlightenment, liberalism, republicanism, negativní svoboda, pozitivní svoboda, Isaiah Berlin, Benjamin Constant, negative freedom, positive freedom, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Berlinova dichotomie pozitivní a negativní svobody je v akademickém prostředí natolik diskutovanou problematikou, že jakékoli pokusy o její novou interpretaci čelí notnému riziku rozvíjení již řečeného, a tím i možnosti ztráty argumentační síly. Cíl tohoto článku však nespočívá v přispění k debatě týkající se funkčnosti Berlinova rozdělení, ale ve zpochybnění stereotypně přijímaných ideových zdrojů, jimiž se Berlin údajně inspiroval. V rámci linie tradic liberálního myšlení, kterou identifikuje mimo jiné sám Berlin, je totiž jeho rozlišení dvou pojmů svobody běžně ztotožňováno s principy a ideovým poselstvím klasifikace francouzského osvícence Benjamina Constanta. Směšování Berlinovy polarity pozitivní – negativní s Constantovým schématem antická – moderní je pravděpodobně důsledkem četných styčných bodů obou koncepcí, jež však vedou k automatickému vnímání souladu i u těch principů, u nichž je míra koherence problematická. Za hlavní cíl této studie lze tudíž označit jednak prokázání skutečnosti, že pro důslednou komparaci Berlinovy a Constantovy dichotomie je kromě běžně analyzované příbuznosti negativní svobody se svobodou moderní nezbytné vzít v úvahu i provázanost opačných pólů spektra, a především pak obhajobu teze, že v podstatných momentech Constantovo myšlení opouští meze liberální tradice a konotuje Pettitovy republikánské principy svobody jako ne-dominance. Takový závěr vede v konečném důsledku k tomu, že Berlinovo a Constantovo dělení nelze vnímat jako homogenní., Berlin’s dichotomy of positive and negative freedom is, in academic quarters, such a well-discussed problem that any kind of attempt at a fresh interpretation confronts the real risk of developing what has already been said and, in that way, of losing argumentational strength. The aim of this article does not, however, consist in contributing to the debate about the viability of Berlin’s distinction, but in calling into question the stereotypical reception of the intellectual sources that Berlin was inspired by. In the framework of the line of traditions of liberal thinking, which, among others, Berlin himself identifies, is his distinction between two concepts of freedom, usually identified with the principles and intellectual meaning of the classification by the French enlightenment thinker Benjamin Constant. The mixing up of Berlin’s polarity positive–negative with Constant’s scheme of ancient–modern is probably a consequence of the numerous common points in the two conceptions. These, however, lead to the automatic perception of agreement even in those principles for which the level of coherence is questionable. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to indicate, firstly, the proven fact that for a consistent comparison of Berlin’s and Constant’s dichotomy one must examine, in addition to the commonly analysed relationship of negative freedom with modern freedom, the connectedness of the opposite poles in the two cases. Secondly, and more importantly, the thesis is advanced that, in its fundamental properties, Constant’s thinking goes beyond the liberal tradition and points towards Pettit’s republican principles of freedom as non-dominance. This conclusion ultimately leads to the recognition that Berlin’s and Constant’s division cannot be seen as homogenous., Jan Květina., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Autonomie a druhý
- Creator:
- Sikora, Ondřej
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804, filozofie, etika, vůle, výchova, philosophy, ethics, will, education, autonomy, the other, practical law, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article examines the meaning of the other for Kant's idea of autonomy. Autonomy is interpreted, in relation to the universal demand of the ethical, as governing the will by principles. Autonomy as principled self-determination by means of the practical law cannot be understood as the standpoint of an isolated subject. Instead we must understand it as a standpoint taken towards others, which we treat as the aspect of spontaneity, and at the same time as a standpoint taken thanks to others, since others make possible its awakening and development - here the aspect of receptivity is discussed. In this two-way relation between autonomy (enabled by a self-determining goverment by principle) and the other, the character of dialogical mutuality is exhibited: autonomy is the principled considerateness of a good will towards others, and, in order for it to be such, it must be initiated by others., Ondřej Sikora., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Baudrillardova teorie iluzí
- Creator:
- Zemčík, Tomáš
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Baudrillard, Jean, 1929-2007, filozofie, teorie (filozofie), metodologie, philosophy, theory (philosophy), methodology, production, seduction, theory-fiction, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The work of Jean Baudrillard has gained for itself large groups of followers and opponents alike. But Baudrillard is often misinterpreted by both camps. The reason for this, apart from anything else, is the characteristic way in which he gets hold of the “objects” of his interest. When reading his work one witnesses a tendency towards non-standard accounts of subject matter. He operates on the border of its significance and, at the same time, he often (quite intentionally) contradicts himself. In the article I present Baudrillard’s view of the productive theory and the dialectical method. I sketch the reasons why he condemns them and replaces them with the seductive theory-fiction or with theoretical terrorism and reversibility or even with symbolic exchange. These are the strategies by which, with passion, he comes to terms with objects. Many hitherto published studies of the theories of Jean Baudrillard tackle and focus on its concrete elements in contexts of the utmost diversity. This article, on the contrary, is concerned with the theoretico-methodological viewpoint, and it thus serves as a certain kind of general introduction to the investigation of the work of Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard’s idiosyncratic method is introduced and comparisons are made. A characterisation and mutual comparison is made of the productive and seductive way of theorising. The study also points to the content of these, with stress being placed on Baudrillard’s seductive way. Last but not least theory-fiction, as an independent method, is brought into contrast with method of a dialectical stripe., Tomáš Zemčík., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Čeká nás katastrofický rok 2012?
- Creator:
- Jan Suda
- Format:
- Type:
- article, úvahy, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, botanika, zoologie, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Jan Suda.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Jazyk jako obraz: McGinnová a Sellars o Wittgensteinově „Traktátu”
- Creator:
- Stefanie Dach
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 1889-1951, Sellars, Wilfrid, 1912-1989, filozofie, pravda, philosophy, truth, linguistic idealism, the picture theory, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This study is concerned with interpretation of the Tractatus and the picture theory of the early-Wittgenstein from the perspective of the anti-metaphysical reading of M. McGinn and from the perspective of W. Sellars. I analyse McGinn's interpretation and the difficulties which are caused for her in her attempt to provide a non-minimalistic interpretation of Wittgenstein's picture theory. The interpretation of McGinn is then contrasted with Sellars who, unlike the majority of other interpreters, reads Wittgenstein's picture theory in a radically nominalistic way, and places little emphasis on the overall consistency of the Tractatus. I show that his approach allows one to preserve some interesting insights provided by McGinn, while it also manages to avoid the problems that beset her interpretation. Sellars' reading may therefore better serve McGinn's aims than her own reading, although it demands that we give up some of the key theses of the Tractatus. At the same time it may also lead us to a reevaluation of the relevance of the Tractatus for contemporary philosophical debates., Stefanie Dach., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Jego stanowisko w dziejach oświaty i filozofii w Polsce: rzecz napisana przez Maurycego Straszewskiego
- Creator:
- Jan Śniadecki and Straszewski, Maurycy
- Publisher:
- Akademia Umiejetności w Krakowie
- Format:
- print and 323 s., lxxvi.
- Type:
- text, volume, pojednání, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Tisky (19. stol.), Śniadecki, Jan, 1756-1830, filozofové, filozofie, Polsko, 101-051, 101, (438), (049), 5, 12, and 094.5
- Language:
- Polish
- Description:
- Jan Śniadecki ; Maurycy Straszewski. and KČSN
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. M. Tullii Ciceronis Disputationum Tusculanarum partes selectae: accedunt libri de natura deorum secundi capita nonnulla
- Creator:
- Marcus Tullius Cicero and Ladislav Brtnický
- Publisher:
- Nákladem Aloisa Wiesnera
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and xi, 48 s. ; 21 cm
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, 1. století př. Kr, 101, (0:82-83), and 5
- Language:
- Latin and Czech
- Description:
- M. Tullius Cicero ; k potřebám školským upravil Ladislav Brtnicky and Částečně český text
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Masarykova česká filosofie
- Creator:
- Josef Pekař
- Publisher:
- Nákladem Historického klubu
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 44 s. ; 24 cm
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue, 1850-1937, 19.-20. století, 1895-1908, filozofové, Česko, názory a postoje, filozofie, humanismus, česká otázka, realismus (filozofie), dějiny, 101-051, 316.64, 101, 165.742, 94(437.3), 165.82, (047.31), and 5
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- napsal Josef Pekař
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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