Middle Neolithic, Early and Late Bronze Age (as well as some Middle Ages) human occupation was investigated during two separate excavations. This paper assesses findings obtained from features with artifacts from Linear Pottery Culture and the Želiezovce Group. Three graves containing human skeletons were also excavated. One adult skull possessed a wound most probably caused by a sharp object (a stone axe?). Within the pottery assemblage basic typological shapes prevail – globular and semi globular vessels, bowls and necked vessels. There is only a small number of footed bowls. The applied decoration scale shows basic decorative elements of carved and plastic decoration. When a cut was applied, it interrupted the carved line or finished it. Rarely, the inventory contained a painted band, made up by a carved twinline in red colour. Rare finds include polished industry, bone artefacts, as well as an incomplete anthropomorphic figurine. Lithic artefacts were common and were manufactured from local as well as imported raw materials., Ivan Cheben, Michal Cheben., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Moravian Painted Ware Culture settlement in Slavíkovice “Ostánce“ represents one of the most elaborately excavated sites in the peripheral area of western Moravia. The microregion is situated in the foothills of the Czech-Moravian Highlands at a relatively high altitude. More than forty MPW Culture sites have been recorded, mostly corresponding to its younger phase. The current study presents the results of recent surface surveys as well as minor detective and rescue probing. Apart from the large number of finds, a radiocarbon date has assisted in placing the site within the absolute chronology framework of the Moravian MPW Culture (Kuča et al. 2012). A detailed analysis of the archaeological findings allowed comparisons to other similarly dated sites in the area of interest and with the other peripheral regions in south-western Moravia (Bartík 2014a, 22, fig. 6). An attempt at reconstructing the paleoclimate forms an integral part of this study., Jaroslav Bartík, Milan Vokáč, Martin Kuča, Alžběta Čerevková, Lubomír Prokeš, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article presents a Moravian Painted Ware culture site Březník in the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The emphasis is on evaluation of surface finds in the „Střední hon“ field and assessing the archaeological material and geographical aspects. The new findings are placed in a regional context with regard to the area between Oslava and Chvojnice rivers as well as in the wider context (southwest Moravia). We also compared it to a nearby Moravian Painted Ware site located in the „Zadní hon“ field. Interestingly, although Březník is located on the periphery of the known Neolithic occupation zone, the peripheral effect is not apparent at this site (as it is at other sites considered to be located on the periphery). One particularity of this region is a high concentration of muscovite (obtained from local schist outcrops) in the ceramic matter. The lithic sources are mostly local and regional (Brno Massif, Boskovice Furrow and Krumlovský Les cherts). There are also some raw materials imported from great distances (metabazite of the Jizerské hory type, obsidian, erratic chert and Polish cherts). Based on the chronology, material culture and geographical position, Březník – „Střední hon“ can be placed into the early phase Ib (Lengyel I) of the Moravian Painted ware culture., Jaroslav Bartík, Lenka Běhounková, Martin Kuča., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In 2003 a part of the Neolithic settlement was discovered at Postřelmov „U Františka“ (district Šumperk). The site „U Františka“ is located among Postřelmov, Rovensko and Zábřeh above left bank of the Rakovec stream. The altitude is 248–288 m a. s. l. There were excavated about 625 pits including Neolithic longhouses. Feature number 206 was situated in the east part of the site. This feature was a large building pit. The material (ceramic fragments and stone industry) from this feature belonged the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC) and the Uppersilesian Lengyel Group (ULG). The ceramic fragments of the LPC can be ranked into the phase IIb and/or III of the LPC chronology (Čižmář 1998, 117–120, 124,129, 134) and the lengyel ceramic into the phase ULG I of the ULG chronology (Janák 1991, 99-102; Janák 1994, 111)., Petr Kašpárek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This paper deals with the so-called transitional phase B2/C1, the nature of which is still being debated in the archaeological literature. The heart of the discussion is in its archaeological relevance, the dating, and its cultural, ethnic and social background. THe general consensus is that it dates to the time of Marcomannic wars. On the basis of new archaeological evidence and an analysis of some diagnostic forms found on the datable sites north of the Danube, it is suggested that the Late Roman phase C1a overlaps to a large extent with the so-called transitional B2/C1 phase, which began shortly before AD 180. A question arises of how to define the subsequent phase C1a and whether both phases in question can be seen as separate stages with separate chronological sequences. Controversy surround the proposed detailed division of the transitional phase between Early and Late Roman Period into two phases and therewith also a sharp chronological diffrentiation of the archaeological material from the late 2nd century and approximatively the first third of the 3rd century. The emergence of a specific archaeological milieu relatin to the transitional phase probably has an ethnic and socio-cultiral background. It shows strong infuences from the Roman provinces. Its characteristic features may be considered as a reflection of wars and their aftermath., Jaroslav Tejral., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Polycultural locality in Kuřim with prevailing Neolithic settlement was partly excavated in rescue research, which was carried out by Ústav archeologické památkové péče Brno. Moravian Painted Ware Culture represents insignifi cant component of this settlement. The excavated pottery was chronologically classifi ed into the end of its earlier phase. Regarding objects, there was gained not a very large collection of chipped and polished stone industry. The results of analysis of stone industry contribute to mapping of distribution network of stone material during Neolithic in the north of Brno, mainly in relation to Boskovická brázda, which was an important long-distance communication in prehistory., Martin Kuča., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A salvage excavation carried out in Hlinsko quarry in 2006 yielded a collection of Aurignacian-like artifacts supplemented by a bifacial triangular point. Recently, a refitting attempt documented on-site reduction of a carinated burin-core and shaping/thinning of the bifacial point. Subsequently, a use-wear study supported the homogeneity of the assemblage. The assemblage relates to the Morava-type Aurignacian (B. Klíma) or Míškovice-type Upper Paleolithic industry (M. Oliva) previously known in Moravia for lithic assemblages originating only from surface find spots. At the same time, some similar excavated Upper Paleolithic assemblages combining Aurignacian-like and Szeletian-like features are also known in Eastern Europe., Yuri E. Demidenko, Petr Škrdla, Joseba Rios-Garaizar., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Brno organized in the days of 24.- 25.9.2012 in the town of Hodonín a colloquium "Usus aquarum - Water and Water Structures in the LIfe of the Early Middle Ages Societies of the Central Europe" within the conference series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice". Since the deditors obtained for the planned proceedings of papers in the 10. volume of publication series "Internationale Tagungen in Mikulčice" only 5 papers, these papers were relocated into the journal Synopsis of researches and published here in the block following this introduciton. This is a brief report on the colloquium - its course, aim, programme, etc., Lumír Poláček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The enormous importance of water for human settlement is reflected in the huge quantity of Slavic lexemes in mediaeval settlement names, referring to different kinds of bodies of water, marshland, distinct features of water and so on. Yet place names can also indicate the use of water, as will be shown for Bohemia in thes essay. In analysing these names, the essential precepts of onomastics must be observed. Firstly, rather than giving a run-of-the-mill account, names reflect a distinguishing feature particular to a certain settlement. For example, the name Mlynec indicates that a mill was the only one in its vicinity (and therefore outstanding enough to feature in the name of this settlement(. Secondly, many places names which may appear to refer to the use of water might also have other origins, such as metaphorical relations. In order to determine the impact and the use of water in early mediaeval settlement areas, it must be concluded that there are more reliable ways than counting corresponding topnyms. Analysing the complete toponomasticon of a settlement region offers a more precise picture, as is demonstrated for the region eas of the lower River Neisse/Nysa Lužycka at the end of this essay., Christian Zschieschang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury