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1062. Assessing empathy among Czech medical students: A cross-sectional study
- Creator:
- Jiří Kožený, Lýdie Tišanská, and Cyril Höschl
- Format:
- Type:
- article, výzkumné studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Psychologie, psychologie, empatie, psychology, empathy, studenti medicíny, JSPE-S, medical students, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Záměr. Cílem studie bylo ověření psychometrických parametrů české verze Jeffersonské škály empatie (JSPE-S) na podkladě výpovědí českých studentů medicíny a testování diferencí z hlediska pohlaví, délky studia medicíny a místa studia. Soubor a procedura. Soubor tvořilo 725 studentů medicíny 3. lékařské fakulty UK a 871 studentů Fakulty medicíny UPOL. Studie byla průřezová a odpovědi byly získány od studentů všech šesti ročníků. Výsledky. Explorační faktorová analýza přinesla podporu pro existenci tří ortogonálních faktorů „Perspective taking“ (přebírání perspektivy), „Compassionate care“ (soucitná péče), „Empathetic understanding“ (empatické porozumění) a vnitřní konzistence stupnice byla pro celý soubor 0,76. Efekt pohlaví a místa studia nebyl statisticky významný. Výše JSPE-S skórů českých studentů statisticky i klinicky významně klesala v prvních dvou letech studia a zůstala beze změn do konce šestého ročníku. Nálezy obecně podpořily konstruktovou validitu i vnitřní konzistenci české verze nástroje. Omezení studie. Postoje k roli empatie se mohou výrazně lišit od skutečného chování, vzhledem k průřezovému plánu studie je zde možný kohortový efekt, data byla získána pouze na dvou lékařských fakultách., Objectives. The objective of the study was to examine the psychometric parameters of the Czech version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student (JSPE-S), and to study differences in empathy scores between women and men, and students in different years of medical school. Sample and setting. The JSPE-S was administered to 725 students at the 3rd Medical School, CU Prague and to 871 students at the Faculty of Medicine UPOL. The design was cross-sectional and first to sixth year students were surveyed. Results. Exploratory factor analysis supported the existence of three components of “Perspective taking”, “Compassionate care”, “Empathetic understanding” and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.76. The effects of gender and locality were not statistically significant. The JSPE-S scores of Czech students decreased in a statistically significantly and clinically meaningfully way over the first two years of study, staying low until the 6th year. The construct validity and internal consistency of the Czech version of the JSPE-S was generally supported. Study limitations. Firstly, attitude toward the role of the empathy in doctor-patient relation may differ substantially from actual behavior. Secondly, there is very strong possibility of cohort effects. Thirdly, the survey was conducted at one Czech and at one Moravian medical school only, what potentially limits the external validity of our finding., Jiří Kožený, Lydie Tišanská, Cyril Höschl., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1063. Assessing genetic and morphological variation in populations of Eastern European Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
- Creator:
- Diakova, Anna V, Schepetov, Dmitry M, Oyun, Nadezhda Y, Shatalkin, Anatole I, and Galinskaya, Tatiana V
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- dvoukřídlí, Diptera, Lucilia sericata, forensic entomology, Calliphoridae, microsatellite, population genetic structure, blowfly, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The population structures of different species of Calliphoridae flies are highly diverse at different locations. We investigated populations of the Eastern European L. sericata using chaetotaxy and eight microsatellite loci. Our results strongly indicate that a panmictic population of L. sericata exists in the area studied, possibly with a high rate of intra-population gene flow. Analysis of chaetotaxy also supports the panmictic population hypothesis., Anna V. Diakova, Dmitry M. Schepetov, Nadezhda Y. Oyun, Anatole I. Shatalkin, Tatiana V. Galinskaya., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1064. Assessing institutional determinants of MP behaviour: survey data from the Baltic States
- Creator:
- Pettai, Vello
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1065. Assessing the efficiency of UV LEDs as light sources for sampling the diversity of macro-moths (Lepidoptera)
- Creator:
- Infusino, Marco, Brehm, Gunnar, Di Marco, Carlo, and Scalercio, Stefano
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, lesní ekosystémy, motýli, butterflies, forest ecosystems, Středozemní moře (oblast), Itálie, Mediterranean area, Italy, Lepidoptera, light trapping, UV LEDs, diversity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Light trapping is the most widely used tool for determining the diversity of nocturnal Lepidoptera, but UV LEDs have yet to be used as light sources for the large-scale monitoring of Lepidoptera. We assessed the efficiency of this novel light source for sampling moths using a Heath type moth equipped with a strip of 150 high brightness UV LEDs (emission peak 398 nm, ~ 15 W) powered by a 12 V battery. We compared the number of individuals, the number of species and the Geometridae / Noctuidae ratio recorded for the samples collected using UV LED traps with those collected in two monitoring programs carried out in the same geographic region using two different light sources: a 200 W incandescent lamp (Rothamsted trap) and a 160 W mercury vapour lamp (manual catch). The total catch consisted of 61,120 individuals belonging to 699 species. The species richness rarefaction curves revealed that the Rothamsted trap collected fewer species and individuals than UV LED traps. Furthermore, the median numbers of species and individuals caught by UV LED traps fell within the range of those caught by mercury vapour lamp traps. In addition, the community composition recorded using incandescent lamps and UV LEDs was similar. The data obtained using UV LED traps, in absolute terms and in comparison with the other light sources and different sampling methods, clearly reveal that this light source is suitable for sampling macro-moth communities. For field work UV LEDs have many advantages, as they are resistant to mechanical damage, easily protected from heavy rain and energy efficient., Marco Infusino, Gunnar Brehm, Carlo Di Marco, Stefano Scalercio., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1066. Assessing the relationship between photosynthetic C accumulation and symbiotic N nutrition in leaves of field-grown nodulated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes
- Creator:
- Belane, A. K. and Dakora, F. D.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, N2 fixation, photosynthetic fixed-N use efficiency, transpiration efficiency, δ15N, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- a1_This study evaluated the relationship between photosynthetic carbon accumulation and symbiotic nitrogen nutrition in young fully expanded leaves of 30 nodulated cowpea genotypes grown in the field at Manga, Ghana, in 2005 and 2006. Estimates of fixed-N in photosynthetic leaves revealed greater symbiotic N in genotypes with higher photosynthetic rates and increased leaf transpiration rate/efficiency. There was also greater C accumulation in genotypes with higher symbiotic N and/or total N. Additionally, genotypes with high contents of C per unit of leaf total N exhibited greater C per unit of leaf N-fixed. The C/N and C/Rubisco-N ratios were generally similar in their magnitude when compared to the C/N-fixed ratio due possibly to the fact that Rubisco accounts for a high proportion of photosynthetic leaf N, irrespective of whether the enzyme was formed from soil N or symbiotic N. Cowpea genotypes that relied heavily on soil N for their N nutrition exhibited much higher C/N-fixed ratios, while conversely those that depended more on symbiosis for meeting their N demands showed markedly lower C/N-fixed values. For example, genotypes Omondaw, Bensogla, IT93K-2045-29, and Sanzie, which respectively derived 83.9, 83.1, 82.9, and 76.3% N from fixation, recorded lower C/N-fixed ratios of 10.7, 12.2, 12.1, and 13.0 mg mg-1 in that order in 2005. In contrast, genotypes Botswana White, IT94D-437-1, TVu1509, and Apagbaala, which obtained 14.8, 15.0, 26.4, and 26.0% of their N nutrition from fixation, showed high C/N-fixed values of 84.0, 69.0, 35.2, and 40.6 mg.mg-1, respectively, in 2005., a2_This clearly indicates that genotypes that obtained less N from symbiosis and more N from soil revealed very high C/N-fixed values, an argument that was reinforced by the negative correlations obtained between the three C/N ratios (i.e. C/N, C/Rubisco-N, and C/N-fixed) and leaf N concentration, percentage nitrogen derived from fixation, total N content, amount of N-fixed, and Rubisco N. These data suggest a direct link between photosynthetic C accumulation and symbiotic N assimilation in leaves of nodulated cowpea, and where genotypes derived a large proportion of their N from fixation, photosynthetic C yield substantially increased., A. K. Belane, F. D. Dakora., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1067. Assessment of cadmium phytotoxicity alleviation by silicon using chlorophyll a fluorescence
- Creator:
- Silva, A. J., Nascimento, C. W. A., and Gouveia-Neto, A. S.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- obecná botanika, znečištění půdy, general botany, soil pollution, metal homeostasis, metal toxicity, soil contamination, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silicon in alleviating cadmium stress in maize plants grown in a nutrient solution and to evaluate the potential of the spectral emission parameters and the ratio of red fluorescence (Fr) to far-red fluorescence (Ffr) in assessing the beneficial effects of Si. An experiment was carried out using a nutrient solution with a toxic dose of Cd and six doses of Si; biomass, Cd, Si, and photosynthetic pigments of the plants were measured. Chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence analysis demonstrated that Si alleviated Cd toxicity in plants. Chl fluorescence measurements were sensitive in detecting such effects even when significant changes in biomass production and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments were not observed. The spectral emission and the Fr/Ffr ratio were sensitive to the effects of Si. Silicon caused a reduction in the translocation of Cd to the shoots of maize plants., A. J. Silva, C. W. A. Nascimento, A. S. Gouveia-Neto., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1068. Assessment of factors and conditions influencing bank stability of future lakes
- Creator:
- Spanilá, Tamara, Kudrna, Zdeněk, Vladislav John, Hartvich, Filip, and Chour, Vladimír
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, jezera, geodynamika, lakes, geodynamics, flooding of residual mining pits, dangerous geodynamic phenomena, stability of banks and slopes, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- While including gradual long-term flooding of individual residual mining pits, the re-vitalization program of the Podkrušnohorská brown-coal basin area has to assure - beside general water quality standards - satisfactory stability level of future lake banks and their wider environment as required for safe usage of future water lakes. General assessment of factors and conditions influencing bank and/or slope stability of future lakes was realized within the frames of the Czech Republic Academy of Sciences grant project. The grant project solutions include a study of exogenous processes on localities where the mining has been terminated. Also, prognoses were developed on behaviour of future banks during flooding and subsequent operation of future lakes. The presented paper is focused on assessment of mayor factors that participate on initiation and intensity of the bank abrasion and sliding deformations., Tamara Spanilá, Zdeněk Kudrna, Vladislav John, Filip Hartvich and Vladimír Chour., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1069. Assessment of HRV after maximal exercise in trained postmenopausal women
- Creator:
- Orri, J. C, Hughes, E. M, Mistry, D. G, and Scala, A
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- menopauza, menopause, training intensity, cardioprotection, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Increased parasympathetic tone achieved with endurance training may provide cardioprotection after menopause. To compare heart rate variability (HRV) from rest through maximal exercise and recovery in trained postmenopausal women. Thirtysix postmenopausal women who self-reported training at either moderate (MOD; 3-5.9 METS; 58.9±4.4 year) or vigorous (VIG; >6 METS; 59.7±5.2 year) intensities participated. HRV was measured for 5 min in the supine position, in the last minute of the VO2max test and after 2 min of active recovery. HRV in MOD and VIG was compared using a factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time. MOD and VIG responded similarly over the three time periods for root mean square of sequential deviations (rMSSD), and high (HF) and low frequency (LF) power (p>0.05). Maximal exercise lowered rMSSD (3.3±0.08 vs. 1.2±0.06) and lnLF (4.1±0.05 vs. 3.3±0.13) and increased lnHF (3.3±0.14 vs. 4.0±0.10; p<0.01) from resting. However, active recovery restored lnHF (3.3±0.11) and lnLF (4.1±0.08) from maximal values (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that moderate and vigorous exercise training may enhance HRV recovery following one bout of maximal exercise in older women., J. C. Orri, E. M. Hughes, D. G. Mistry, A. Scala., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1070. Assessment of multi-GNSS precise orbit and clock products from different analysis centers based on precise point positioning
- Creator:
- Li, Weiguo and Kačmařík, Michal
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- satelitní navigační systémy, satellite navigation systems, Multi-GNSS, precise products, Precise Point Positioning, IGS MGEX, RTKLIB, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Performance of 24h static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions based on multi-GNSS precise satellite orbit and clock products from four analysis centers and seven various constellation combinations was studied to evaluate their quality and characteristics. Data from ten European and four Chinese GNSS stations and 152 days long period from year 2020 were processed. Obtained coordinates were firstly compared with those provided by IGS final weekly combined solution. In Europe, the best agreement with this reference product was reached by solutions including Galileo signals, namely by a combination of GPS+GLONASS+Galileo systems with a mean RMS of 11 mm. This situation was different in China where inclusion of Galileo always led to worse results and the best agreement was achieved by a combination of GPS+GLONASS systems. Although product provided by German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) could be selected as the best performing over Europe and product by Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) over China, differences between individual precise products were mostly at a minimal level. Secondly, coordinates repeatability over the processed period was computed in order to assess the positioning stability. In this regard, the lowest values in both horizontal and vertical direction were reached by GPS+GLONASS solutions. From the perspective of precise products, the repeatability results were dependent on the selected constellation where mainly a specific behavior of product from Wuhan University (WUM) for Galileo system was observed., Weiguo Li and Michal Kačmařík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public