INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
Invazivní mykotické infekce (IFI) jsou spojeny u imunokompromitovaných dětí s významnou morbiditou a mortalitou. Včasné zahájení cílené léčby je klíčovým faktorem pro úspěšný výsledek. Nicméně, možnosti léčby IFI u dětí jsou omezené. Ne vždy je snadné včas a přesně potvrdit diagnózu IFI a správně identifikovat etiologické agens. Použití několika dostupných účinných antimykotik u dětí je komplikováno nedostatkem farmakokinetických a bezpečnostních dat. V našem sdělení bychom chtěli shrnout současná doporučení v cílené antimykotické léčbě v dětské hemato-onkologii na základě vlastních zkušeností a doporučení publikovaných během posledních let., Invasive fungal infections (IFI) in immunocompromised children are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early targeted therapy is the key factor for successful outcome. However, treatment options against IFI in children are limited. Not always it is easy to timely and to accurately confirm the diagnosis of IFI and properly identify the etiologic agent. Use of several available potent antifungals in children is complicated by the lack of pharmacokinetic and safety data. In our report, we would like to summarize current recommendations for targeted antifungal therapy in pediatric hemato-oncology based on our experience and recommendations published during the last years., Petr Sedláček, Vanda Chrenková, Petra Keslová, Peter Múdry, Jaroslav Štěrba, Júlia Horáková, and Literatura
Zlomeniny v dětském věku se liší od zlomenin dospělých. Kost je u dětí pružná, roste do délky, má velkou remodelační schopnost. U dětí se vyskytuje například suprakondylická fraktura, která se v dospělosti nevyskytuje. Vedle skiagramu, CT, MR vyšetření je možné i UZ vyšetření poranění, zejména u neosifikovaného skeletu. Zlomeniny lze u dětí rozdělit do několika typů: porodní traumata, fraktury batolat, epifyzeolýzy, inkompletní fraktury, suprakondylické zlomeniny., Fractures in children differ from fractures in adults. The bones are more flexible in children, grow in lenght, has good remodeling ability. Some fractures are typical in childhood, do not occur in adults (supracondylar fracture), Besides X-rays, CT, MRI, the ultrasound examination of the trauma is also possible, especially in nonossified skeleton. Fractures in children can be divided into some types: birth (delivery) trauma, toddlers fractures, epiphyseolysis, incomplete fractures, stress fractures, supracondylar fractures., Jarmila Skotáková, Vladimír Bartl, Marcela Charvátová, Zdeňka Ráčilová, Lucie Dohnalová, and Literatura
Cieľ: Včasná diagnostika a liečba infekcie horných močových ciest je v detskom veku náročná a veľmi dôležitá vzhľadom na prognózu ochorenia. Cieľom našej práce bolo overiť možnosti využitia merania indexu rezistencie počas akútnej pyelonefritídy pri diagnostike ochorenia a pri určovaní rozsahu postihnutia obličiek. Metódy: Do súboru bolo zaradených 53 detí (43 dievčat, 10 chlapcov) vo veku 0-19 rokov s prvým atakom akútnej pyelonefritídy. Pacienti boli rozdelení do troch vekových skupín - deti do 4 rokov, od 4 do 7 rokov a deti nad 7 rokov a porovnávali sa so skupinou 29 detí bez príznakov akútnej infekcie a s normálnou funkciou obličiek. U 37 detí sme urobili analýzu rozsahu postihnutia zápalovým procesom. U všetkých pacientov bolo realizované ultrasonografické vyšetrenie uropoetického traktu do 72 hodín od začiatku hospitalizácie zamerané na morfológiu obličiek a meranie indexu rezistencie (RI) prostredníctvom dopplerovskej sonografie. Vo všetkých troch vekových kategóriách boli zistené signifikantne vyššie hodnoty RI pri zápalom postihnutých obličkách oproti obličkám kontrolnej skupiny. Výsledky: U 24 detí (64,8 %) išlo o unilaterálny zápalový proces a u 13 detí (35,2 %) išlo o proces bilaterálny. Záver: Na základe výsledkov možno skonštatovať, že meranie RI má výrazný prínos v diagnostike nejednoznačných prípadov akútnej pyelonefritídy, ako aj v možnosti určenia rozsahu postihnutia obličiek a možno ho odporučiť ako diagnostický postup doplňujúci štandardné diagnostické metodiky., Aim: Early diagnosis and treatment of infections of the upper urinary tract in children is difficult and very important with regard to the prognosis of the disease. The aim of our study was to verify the possibility of using measurements of resistivity index during acute pyelonephritis in the diagnosis of disease and to determine the extent of renal involvement. Methods: 53 children were eligible in the group (43 girls, 10 boys) at the age of 0-19 years at the first attack of acute pyelonephritis. The patients were divided into three age groups - children up to 4 years, 4 to 7 years and children older than 7 years and they were compared with a group of 29 children without symptoms of acute infection and normal kidney function. Ultrasonography examination of uropoietic tract oriented to kidney morphology was performed in all patients up to 72 hours from the beginning of hospitaliza-tion and RI was measured by beans of Doppler sonography In all the three age categories the authors detected significantly higher values of RI in kidneys affected by inflammation as compared with kidneys of the control group. Results: In 24 children (64.8%) was a unilateral inflammatory process and in 13 children (35.2%) was a bilateral process. Conclusion: Based on the results it may be concluded that the measurement of RI has significant benefits in the diagnosis of equivocal cases of acute pyelonephritis, as well as the possibility of determining the extent of renal involvement and can be recommended as a complementary diagnostic procedure., Zuzana Lysá, Oľga Červeňová, Andrea Černianska, Daniela Miklovičová, and Literatura
BACKGROUND: In the cholesteatoma surgery ossicles can be replaced to reconstruct middle ear function. It is important that these ossicles are free of squamous epithelium, to prevent residual disease. This study focuses on the histological findings of the malleus and incus harvested during cholesteatoma surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty middle ears ossicles were examined in vivo and histologically to consider the relationship of cholesteatoma to ossicles, grade of bone destruction and invasion of cholesteatoma to deeper layers of bone. RESULTS: Serious ossicular destruction was observed more frequently in incus compared to malleus (p=0.0065). Difference of ossicles destruction between children and adults was not significant (p=0.3032). Deep invasion of cholesteatoma into the vascular spaces or inner core of the bone was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Autograft ossicles from cholesteatomatous ears should not necessarily be rejected for reconstruction of the ossicular chain. Regarding the histological finding, the authors suggest mechanical cleaning of the ossicle surface to eliminate residual disease. and L. Školoudík, E. Šimáková, D. Kalfeřt, V. Chrobok
Autoři prezentují kazuistiku 3leté holčičky, u které byla pomocí zobrazovacích metod (USG a CT) prokázána přítomnost střevního parazita (škrkavka dětská, Ascaris lumbricoides) v tenkém střevě komplikovaná vícečetnou intermitentní intususcepcí., The authors present a case report of a 3-year-old girl, with proving presence of intestinal parasites (roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides) in the small intestine complicated brains of intermittent intussusception. Ultrasound and CT were major diagnostic tools in this case., Jan Baxa, Jana Cibulková, Renata Vondráková, Boris Kreuzberg, Jiří Ferda, and Literatura
Autoři prezentují případ intramuskulárně lokalizovaného hemangiomu v podpaží u tříletého dítěte s náhle vzniklou poruchou hybnosti levé horní končetiny. Předmětem diskuse je přínos zobrazovacích metod v odlišení od jiných měkko tkáňových lézí, zejména sarkomů. Hlavním cílem práce je upozornit na podobnost různých měkkotkáňových lézí v zobrazovacích metodách a nezbytnost histologického vyšetření ke stanovení správné diagnózy., The authors present a case of intramuscular hemangioma localized in the armpit of a three-years old child with sudden onset movement disorders left upper extremity. The discussion is the contribution of imaging in the differentiation from other soft tissue lesions, particularly sarcomas. The main goal is to draw attention to the similarity of different soft tissue lesions in imaging methods and the need for histological examination to establish the correct diagnosis., Červinková I, Skotáková J, Pavlovský Z., and Literatura
Cieľ: Priblížiť problematiku spinálneho lipómu. V súbore pacientov vyhodnotiť neurologický a urodynamický stav pred operáciou a po nej. Zhodnotiť výhody profylaktického výkonu, prípadne observácie pacienta. Súbor a metodika: Autori prezentujú v retrospektívnej štúdii súbor 25 pacientov so spinálnym lipómom v lumbosakrálnej oblasti. Pacienti boli vyšetrení na Klinike detskej chirurgie LF UK a DFNsP Bratislava za trojročné obdobie. Tento súbor bol štatisticky spracovaný, vyhodnotený po neurologickej a urodynamickej stránke a určený stav pred operácii a po nej. Výsledky: Náš súbor obsahuje 25 pacientov, z toho 14 dievčat a 11 chlapcov. Operovaných bolo 22 pacientov, 21 detí jedenkrát a jedna pacientka bola kvôli zhoršovaniu neurofunkcie operovaná trikrát. U dvoch pacientov sa pooperačne neurologicky stav zhoršil, u štyroch zlepšil, u šiestich úplne vymizol neurologický deficit, u šiestich zostal nález stacionárny a u štyroch asymptomatický. Po urologickej stránke bolo 11 pacientov asymptomatických, u šiestich pacientov sa nález zlepšil, u piatich zostal stacionárny a nezhoršil sa ani v jednom prípade. Záver: Spinálne lipómy sú kontroverznou skupinou vrodených ochorení chrbtice a miechy, vďaka rôznorodým možnostiam ich riešenia. U časti pacientov dochádza napriek chirurgickej intervencii k zhoršovaniu stavu. Uvedený súbor pacientov je malý na to, aby nás oprávňoval k jednoznačným záverom. Napriek tomu si myslíme, že u mladších detí je profylaktický výkon prínosom., Aim: To introduce the topic of spinal lipoma. To evaluate neurological and urodynamic status before and after surgery in a cohort of patients. To evaluate benefits of prophylactic performance or patient observation. Methods: Authors present a retrospective study pf a set of 25 patients with spinal lipoma in the lumbosacral region. The patients were examined at the Department of Paediatric Surgery at DFNsP Bratislava within three years. The data from the cohort were statistically processed and neurological and urodynamic states evaluated. Outcomes: Our set consisted of 25 patients, 14 girls and 11 boys. 22 patients had surgery. Twenty one children had one surgery, and one girl had three surgeries due to worsening of neurological function. Neurological status of two patients worsened and improved in four patients. Neurological deficit completely ceased in six patients, another six patients had no changes, and four patients remained asymptomatic. Urological status was asymptomatic in eleven patients, it improved in six and remained unchanged in five patients. Urological status did not worsen in any patient. Conclusion: Due to diverse treatment modalities available, spinal lipomas are a controversial group of congenital diseases of the spine and spinal cord. Despite a surgical intervention, the status of some patients deteriorates. Our set of patients is too small to conclude. Nevertheless, it seems that prophylactic intervention can be suggested to younger children. Key words: spina bifida – spinal lipoma – filum terminale – spinal cone tethered cord The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and J. Chochol, M. Smrek, P. Bartoň, P. Sýkora, M. Kabát, J. Chochol, D. Dúbravová, E. Štefánková, L. Zábojníková, J. Trnka, F. Horn