Marcomans and "superiores barbari" in Třebusice and Jevíčko penecontemporaneous with Marcomannic Wars. The problem of transitional stage B2/C1 in Bohemia and Moravia. The paper deals with new finds of graves and settlements from Bohemia and Moravia during the second half of 2nd Century AD, especially important burials and metal artifacts (mainly fibulas) from Třebusice (Central Bohemian Region) and Jevíčko (historical territory of Moravia, now The Pardubice Region). Author focuses on developing a more detailed chronology of assemblages before, during and just after the Marcomannic Wars (B2b, B2/C1 and C1a). Evidence was found that "superiores barbari", ie. bearers of the Przeworsk and the Wielbark Culture, were present on Marcoman territory at this time. A similar situation where the Przeworsk and Wielbark Cultures appear to exist on Marcoman territory has been observed in other regions. These regions can be divided into eight main areas (north-western, central and eastern Bohemia, Malá Haná region (CZ), central and southern Moravia, Záhorie (SK) and the northern part of Lower Austria., Eduard Droberjar., České resumé., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The L-decomposable and the bi-decomposable models are two families of distributions on the set Sn of all permutations of the first n positive integers. Both of these models are characterized by collections of conditional independence relations. We first compute a Markov basis for the L-decomposable model, then give partial results about the Markov basis of the bi-decomposable model. Using these Markov bases, we show that not all bi-decomposable distributions can be approximated arbitrarily well by strictly positive bi-decomposable distributions.
The paper concerns Markov decision processes (MDPs) with both the state and the decision spaces being finite and with the total reward as the objective function. For such a kind of MDPs, the authors assume that the reward function is of a fuzzy type. Specifically, this fuzzy reward function is of a suitable trapezoidal shape which is a function of a standard non-fuzzy reward. The fuzzy control problem consists of determining a control policy that maximizes the fuzzy expected total reward, where the maximization is made with respect to the partial order on the α-cuts of fuzzy numbers. The optimal policy and the optimal value function for the fuzzy optimal control problem are characterized by means of the dynamic programming equation of the standard optimal control problem and, as main conclusions, it is obtained that the optimal policy of the standard problem and the fuzzy one coincide and the fuzzy optimal value function is of a convenient trapezoidal form. As illustrations, fuzzy extensions of an optimal stopping problem and of a red-black gambling model are presented.