A total of 181 faecal samples were collected from wild cervids in two regions of Poland. Giardia cysts were detected in one faecal specimen from red deer and in two samples from roe deer. Fragments of the β-giardin (bg) triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were successfully amplified from the Giardia isolate obtained from red deer, whereas only amplicons of bg and gdh were obtained from Giardia isolates derived from two roe deer. The result of genotyping and phylogenetic analysis showed that the G. duodenalis isolate from red deer belonged to sub-assemblage AIII, which has never been identified in humans, whereas isolates from roe deer clustered within zoonotic sub-assemblage AI. Further studies are necessary to explain which Giardia assemblages and/or sub-assemblages occur in wild cervids in various regions of the world. Moreover, the impact of Giardia infection on the health of wild cervids should also be elucidated.
The affective state of car drivers has a great impact on their driving behavior. In case of a high stress level, car drivers take more risk in turn over, car following and in neglecting traffic warning signs. In the paper we present first a list of factors which have an impact on the psychological state of the car driver with a focus on the affective state of car drivers. Next we give an outline of our multimodal system to assess the affective state of car drivers by analysis of facial expressions and speech signals. The output of our system is the basic input of a stress-o-meter providing the amount of the stress in a graphical way. We assume that this leads to a reduction of physical arousal and mental reappraisal of the situation. We present some experimental results of our assessment modules. So far we performed only lab experiments. At this moment we research noise canceling techniques in the car environment, which enable video and speech analysis in the car in real traffic environments.
Growth of the A549 cell line in a perfusion system suitable for use in a magnetic resonance study has been characterized and shown to be stable physiologically and hence appropriate for serial observations. Several methods of monitoring cell growth were compared to assess the behavior of the cells in this system. Comparison between NMR metabolite data and cell growth via cell counting showed that 31P NMR signals accurately reported cell doubling time. In contrast to most NMR cell culture systems, viable cells can be recovered from the perfusion system after the NMR measurements for further biochemical studies. These data further suggest that this system will be useful for studying the physiology and biochemistry of exponentially growing cells for at least two days in NMR tube culture., E. G. Shankland, J. C. Livesey, R. W. Wiseman, K. A. Krohn., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The microsporidium Vittaforma corneae (Shadduck, Meccoli, Davis et Font, 1990) develops within the target cell cytoplasm. In the present study, green monkey kidney (E6) cells infected at 30°C, 35°C or 37°C with V. corneae developed enlarged multinucleate structures of up to 200 µm in any horizontal dimension made up either of a single cell or of multiple fused cells. A number of epithelial cell types (SW-480, HT-29, Caco-2 and HCT-8) were infected with V. corneae but did not induce the same highly organized structures, suggesting that for the structure to develop, the host cell must be capable of continued mitosis, and not be differentiated or be detaching from the surface matrix. Live cell imaging of infected E6 cells revealed large, multinucleate infected cells characterized by a central focus from which radiated parasite stages and host cell mitochondria. Immunocytochemistry identifying γ and α tubulin suggested that a single centrally-located microtubule organizing centre governed the distribution of parasite stages and host cell organelles, with mitochondria and parasites being eventually transported towards the periphery of the structure. Whole cell patch clamp analysis of infected cells indicated an average five-fold increase in total membrane capacitance, consistent with an enlarged single cell. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cell-like protrusions around the periphery of the structure with the intervening space being made up of parasites and cell debris. Clearly in the case of V. corneae-infected E6 cells the parasite-host cell relationship involves subverting the host cell cytoskeleton and cell volume control, providing the parasite with the same protected niche as does a xenoma.
This paper deals with the utilizing of the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) for the niultiobjective optimization of combinatorial problems. Three probabilistic models used in the Estimation Distribution Algorithms (EDA), such as UMDA, BMDA and BOA which allow one to search effectively on the promising areas of the combinatorial search space, are discussed. The main attention is focused on the incorporation of Pareto optimality concept into classical structure of the BOA algorithm. We have modified the standard algorithm BOA for one criterion optimization utilizing the known niching techniques to find the Pareto optimal set. The experiments are focused on tree classes of the combinatorial problems: artificial problem with known Pareto set, multiple 0/1 knapsack problém and the bisectioning of hypergraphs as well.
In this paper, using a fixed point theorem on a convex cone, we consider the existence of positive solutions to the multipoint one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian boundary value problem with impulsive effects, and obtain multiplicity results for positive solutions.
This paper examines the significant phenomena of multiple wh-fronting (MWF) in Czech and wh-in-situ in Korean. It explores the general question of that kinds of syntactic mechanisms can give rise to the analysis of MWF in Czech as well as what licenses the formation of wh-questions in Korean. In particular, I focus on the question of where Czech wh-items can be projected within syntactic trees with respect to elitic placement in second position. For the question of what licenses the formation of wh-questions in Korean,. I propose the sentence-final markers (henceforth SFMs) to determine the scope of wh-operators, without any appparent wh-movement. Additionally, I argue that the non-overt movement of wh-items in Korean can be also supported by ambigous reading.
Semirings are modifications of unitary rings where the additive reduct does not form a group in general, but only a monoid. We characterize multiplicatively idempotent semirings and Boolean rings as semirings satisfying particular identities. Further, we work with varieties of enriched semirings. We show that the variety of enriched multiplicatively idempotent semirings differs from the join of the variety of enriched unitary Boolean rings and the variety of enriched bounded distributive lattices. We get a characterization of this join.