The paper describes the general form of an ordinary differential equation of an order $n+1$ $(n\ge 1)$ which allows a nontrivial global transformation consisting of the change of the independent variable and of a nonvanishing factor. A result given by J. Aczél is generalized. A functional equation of the form \[ f\biggl (s, w_{00}v_0, \ldots , \sum _{j=0}^n w_{n j}v_j\biggr )=\sum _{j=0}^n w_{n+1 j}v_j + w_{n+1 n+1}f(x,v, v_1, \ldots , v_n), \] where $w_{n+1 0}=h(s, x, x_1, u, u_1, \ldots , u_n)$, $ w_{n+1 1}=g(s, x, x_1, \ldots , x_n, u, u_1, \ldots , u_n)$ and $w_{i j}=a_{i j}(x_1, \ldots , x_{i-j+1}, u, u_1, \ldots , u_{i-j})$ for the given functions $a_{i j}$ is solved on $\mathbb R$, $ u\ne 0.$.
We suggest a nonparametric version of the probability weighted empirical characteristic function (PWECF) introduced by Meintanis {et al.} \cite{meiswaall2014} and use this PWECF in order to estimate the parameters of arbitrary transformations to symmetry. The almost sure consistency of the resulting estimators is shown. Finite-sample results for i.i.d. data are presented and are subsequently extended to the regression setting. A real data illustration is also included.
Cadmium is a heavy metal causing toxicity especially in kidney
cells. The toxicity is linked also with enhanced oxidative stress
leading to cell death. On the other hand, our recent experiments
have shown that an increase of total intracellular dehydrogenases
activity can also occur in kidney cells before declining until cell
death. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate
this transient enhancement in cell viability after cadmium
treatment. The human kidney HK-2 cell line was treated with
CdCl2 at concentrations 0-200 µM for 2-24 h and intracellular
dehydrogenase activity was tested. In addition, we measured
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione levels,
mitochondrial membrane potential, and C-Jun-N-terminal kinase
(JNK) activation. We found that significantly increased
dehydrogenase activity could occur in cells treated with 25, 100,
and 200 µM CdCl2. Moreover, the results showed an increase in
ROS production linked with JNK activation following the
enhancement of dehydrogenase activity. Other tests detected
no relationship with the increased in intracellular dehydrogenase
activity. Hence, the transient increase in dehydrogenase activity
in HK-2 cells preceded the enhancement of ROS production and
our finding provides new evidence in cadmium kidney toxicity.
This paper presents a new technique for fingerprint image matching in biometric security applications, based on the hybrid of Neural Network and Delaunay Triangulation methodology. The Delaunay triangulation of the minutiae set is transformed to a set of points in the discretized space using duality. This translation results in a sampling method be acquiring which the system tolerates displacement and noise of the input image. Finally, Transiently Chaotic Associative Network (TCAN) is used to learn the obtained pattern. Experimental results show a significant improvement in the False Rejection Rate over both the traditional Delaunay Triangulation based approach and direct Neural Network application.
Central pattern generators (CPGs) play an important role in controlling rhythmic movements in vivo. Increased insight into mechanisms of CPGs can be obtained by perturbing neuron activities so as to study a range of behaviors. By applying this method, a series of simulations were performed to research different transition modes between firing patterns in a pacemaker neuron model of stomatogastric ganglion (STG). Firstly, with the perturbation of parameters in model, such as external stimulus, parameters in compartments and connection between compartments, different firing patterns and bifurcation of inter-spike intervals (ISIs) were obtained to exhibit the impact of single parameter on the transions between spiking and bursting. Moreover, perturbing two parameters gCa, Iext simultaneously induced the continuous variation of the bifurcation mode, which implied the crucial role of calcium channel in regulating the rhythm generation. Finally, a two-dimensional parameter space (gCa, Iext) was constructed by spike-counting method to capture the distribution of the firing patterns and different transition mode between them in a comprehensive aspect. In this parameter space, three basic transition modes were concluded: bifurcation ring, period-doubling mode and period-adding mode.
In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on $(p_n)$ for $| R,p_n| _k$, $k\ge 1$, to be translative. So we extend the known results of Al-Madi [1] and Cesco $\left[ 4\right] $ to the case $k>1$.
Transport and communication are phenomena which are based on significant human needs and which play a serious role in human life. The theme was also accepted in the course of research conducted for the needs of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas. Fieldwork made it possible to gather large source materials which were analysed using the ethnographical method. The display of information gained from memories registered on the maps of ethnographic fragments created (re)constructions of the former reality. (Re)constructions that did not take into account the context of common or individual involvement of the users. Such a picture of the past does not make a multi-dimensional view of the phenomena concerned. The application of new interpreting methods offers new knowledge to the researchers.
The effects of sleepiness, sleep loss and fatigue have been the focus of literally hundreds of studies dating back to 1896. Sleep disorders, like any other medical condition potentially affecting the safe performance of essential job functions or the safety of co-workers or the general public, require an individual assessment of the employee diagnosed with the condition to determine medical fitness for service and the necessity of any appropriate reasonable accommodations. The medical fitness assessment is a tool for maximum possible operational safety and the health and safety of all personnel in the railway industry. The article describes relevant international medical fitness standards for railway staff with special rules recommended for mental disorders, disorders of the central nervous system and use of alcohol, drugs, and other psychotropic substances.
In this paper, by a travel groupoid is meant an ordered pair $(V, *)$ such that $V$ is a nonempty set and $*$ is a binary operation on $V$ satisfying the following two conditions for all $u, v \in V$: \[ (u * v) * u = u; \text{ if }(u * v ) * v = u, \text{ then } u = v. \] Let $(V, *)$ be a travel groupoid. It is easy to show that if $x, y \in V$, then $x * y = y$ if and only if $y * x = x$. We say that $(V, *)$ is on a (finite or infinite) graph $G$ if $V(G) = V$ and \[ E(G) = \lbrace \lbrace u, v\rbrace \: u, v \in V \text{ and } u \ne u * v = v\rbrace . \] Clearly, every travel groupoid is on exactly one graph. In this paper, some properties of travel groupoids on graphs are studied.
The notion of travel groupoids was introduced by L. Nebeský in 2006 in connection with a study on geodetic graphs. A travel groupoid is a pair of a set $V$ and a binary operation $*$ on $V$ satisfying two axioms. We can associate a graph with a travel groupoid. We say that a graph $G$ has a travel groupoid if the graph associated with the travel groupoid is equal to $G$. Nebeský gave a characterization of finite graphs having a travel groupoid. In this paper, we study travel groupoids on infinite graphs. We answer a question posed by Nebeský, and we also give a characterization of infinite graphs having a travel groupoid.