Tato studie se snaží o filosofickou analýzu problematických aspektů neurogeneze. V první řadě se zaměřuje na moderní historii neurogeneze, která je obecně považována za historii dogmatického přesvědčení, které předpokládalo, že v mozku dospělého savce nemohou vzniknout nové neurony. Tato konvence přežívala v neurovědě po několik desítek let a její kořeny sahají až do dob Ramóna y Cajala. Důležitá část této filosofické analýzy se zaměřuje na aspekt tzv. zaštiťování dogmatu pomocí ad hoc hypotéz. Analýza se dále věnuje implicitním definicím, které hrají roli axiomů neurovědy, a problematice falsifikace potenciálních falsifikátorů. Na konci této filosofické analýzy jsou prezentovány argumenty, které dospívají k tomu, že historie neurogeneze není historií dogmatického uvažování, jak většina autorů předpokládá, ale že jde o historii vědeckého pragmatismu., This study is seeking a philosophical analysis of the history of neurogenesis. History of neurogenesis is considered to be a history of dogmatic belief that new neurons cannot grow up in an adult mammalian brain. This belief survived in the field of neuroscience for several decades and its roots date back to the time of Ramón y Cajal. An important part of this philosophical analysis focuses on the aspect of the “shielding” of dogma by ad hoc hypotheses. The analysis further investigates implicit definitions, which play the role of axioms of Neuroscience, and problematic aspects of falsification. At the end of this philosophical analysis I present arguments supporting the opinion that history of neurogenesis is not in fact a history of dogmatic thinking, as most authors assume, but rather it is a history of scientific pragmatism., and Marek Havlík.
Plant virology department of the Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, is successful in description and sequencing of mycoviruses and plant viruses, recently. Most of the newly described viruses have unique genome organization and did not induce disease symptoms in their plant of fungal hosts, respectively. By contrast, some mycoviruses debilitate their hosts and are promising as tools for biological control of harmful fungi. and Karel Petrzik, Ondřej Lenz.
The article provides a language analysis of the idea of progress. It briefly outlines the method of search for mimimal vocabulary as has been proposed by Bertrand Russell in Human Knowledge, Its Scope and Limits. Then it coniders the application of this method to a social theory, namely to the language used in a theory of progress. As and expample theory it uses the well known essay L´anciene regime et la revolution (1856) by Alexis de Tocqueville. The language of the theory is analyzed, abstracted expressions are pointed out and the minimal vocabulary is presented: it consists of verb-expressions "to see", "to be wrong", "to dobut", "to think", "to feel", "to be surprised", " to choose", "to express" and To rely"; of noun-expressions "demise", "cause", "change", "nature" and "banality" together with pronouns and logical expressions. The rules for construction of composed expressions and propositions are set up and a reconstruction of the object language is suggested. The abstract character of the method is reflected., Tomáš Holeček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury