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542. Malakozoologův průvodce (makro)ekologií

Creator:
Michal Horsák and Horsáková, Veronika
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, malakologie, měkkýši, ekologie, makroekologie, plži, suchozemští bezobratlí, malacology, molluscs, ecology, macroecology, gastropods, terrestrial invertebrates, suchozemští plži, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Suchozemští plži patří k nejlépe prozkoumaným skupinám bezobratlých temperátní a boreální zóny. Díky znalostem o ekologii a rozšíření jednotlivých druhů tak představují výbornou modelovou skupinu pro studium rozmanitých témat. Na příkladu plžů byl zkoumán např. fenomén hnízdovitosti společenstev, rozdíly v biologii a rozšíření velkých a drobných druhů s ohledem na míru pasivního šíření, kvartérní vývoj krajiny nebo třeba latitudinální gradient diverzity. Mnohé otázky však stále zůstávají otevřené, např. vlivy predace a mezidruhové konkurence ve společenstvech plžů nebo vazba některých druhů na podmínky obecně považované za nepříznivé, jako jsou velmi chladné oblasti nebo vápníkem chudá stanoviště., Land snails are considered one of the best-explored invertebrates of temperate and boreal zones. With respect to the extensive knowledge about their ecology and distribution, land snails make a great model group for studying various topics. Snails contributed to our knowledge about the nestedness of assemblage composition, differences in biology and distribution of large and small species (regarding their ability for passive dispersal), Quaternary landscape evolution, and the latitudinal diversity gradient. Other topics still remain open, such as the effects of predation and interspecific competition among land-snail assemblages and the association of some species to generally unfavourable conditions (e.g. areas of extremely cold temperatures or calcium-poor sites)., and Michal Horsák, Veronika Horsáková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

543. Máme v České republice místo pro rdest dlouholistý?

Creator:
Romana Prausová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, rdest dlouholistý, vodní rostliny, ochrana biotopů, ochrana rostlin, Potamogeton praelongus, water plants, habitat protection, plant conservation, Kokořín (Česko : oblast), Kokořín Region (Czechia), 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Na konci 20. stol. došlo na našem území k výraznému úbytku lokalit ponořené vodní rostliny rdestu dlouholistého (Potamogeton praelongus). Z původních asi 18-20 historických lokalit na Českolipsku, Písecku, Chlumecku a v nivě Orlice na Královéhradecku se dochovalo jediné místo. V květnu 2003 schválilo Ministerstvo životního prostředí Záchranný program (ZP) pro rdest dlouholistý. Následné aktivity realizované v rámci ZP zahrnovaly jak ochranu druhu a jeho biotopu in situ, tak mnoho činností realizovaných ex situ - záchrannou kulturu (od r. 1998), záložní populaci v chráněné krajinné oblasti Kokořínsko (od r. 2000), testy klíčivosti a růstové experimenty (od r. 2006), experimentální kulturu (od r. 2010) i průběžně probíhající pokusy o vysazování na nové lokality a posilování současné populace výsadbou. V článku jsou shrnuty výsledky těchto dosavadních aktivit., The Long-stalked Pondweed (Potamogeton praelongus) is a critically endangered aquatic plant species in the Czech Republic, surviving at its last native site in an oxbow lake of the Orlice River in Malšova Lhota near the city of Hradec Králové. The site has been under protection as a temporarily protected area by the Stříbrný rybník pond during 1998-2017. The conservation programme for P. praelongus was approved by the Ministry of Environment in 2003, and the following in situ or ex situ activities have been implemented: monitoring of the abundance and vitality of the last population and the state of its habitat, management at the sites (including those with rescue micropopulations in the protected landscape area of Kokořínsko), ex situ rescue cultivation, analysis of the genetic variability of the micropopulations, sterile in vitro culture, seed germination tests and growth experiments. Suitable sites for outplanting in the Poorličí and Českolipsko regions have been selected as a part of the conservation programme. Norwegian and southern Swedish sites with P. praelongus populations have also been observed and compared with the Czech localities and micropopulations during expeditions., and Romana Prausová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

544. Markers of acute stress in pigs

Creator:
Klára Breineková, Martin Svoboda, Marie Smutná, and Lenka Vorlová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, veterinární lékařství, kortizol, přeprava zvířat, prasata, veterinary medicine, cortisol, transportation of animals, pigs, neopterin, halothane gene, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
This study explores the biological validation of markers of acute stress in pigs subjected to transportation for slaughter. The stress markers selected for monitoring were neopterin and cortisol. Their levels in pig serum were measured for two porcine stress syndrome genotypes, NN and Nn, after a 30-min transport to a slaughterhouse. Blood samples were withdrawn before transport (control group) and immediately after the animals' arrival (experimental group). The values of neopterin and cortisol measured before the transport were 5.60±1.65 nm ol/l and 273.54±66.17 nmol/l respectively. After the transfer, the concentration of cortisol rose significantly compared to the control (355.69±85.13 nmol/l, p<0.01). Neopterin concentrations in the serum (8.25±1.60 nmol/l) were also significantly higher (p<0.01) after transportation. The elevated concentrations of both analytes were found to be independent of the genotype. These results document the stimulation of the endocrine system and the immune system that develops in animals undergoing transportation for slaughter., K. Breineková, M. Svoboda, M. Smutná, L. Vorlová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

545. Mass spectrometry analyses of rat 2b myosin heavy chain isoform

Creator:
Jitka Žurmanová, Daniela Horníková, František Půta, Petr Novák, Jan Říčný, and Tomáš Soukup
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Obecná zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, mikrobiologie, spektrometrie, animal physiology, microbiology, spectrometry, rat muscle myosin, myosin heavy chain 2b isoform, MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, ESI LC/MS/MS mass spectrometry, 2, and 591
Language:
English
Description:
We have separated 2b myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform from the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle by SDS-PAGE and analyzed it by two subsequent mass spectrometry techniques. After tryptic digestion, the obtained peptides were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation reflectron Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and sequenced by Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ESI LC/MS/MS). The analyzed peptides proportionally covered 30 % of the 2b MyHC isoform sequence. The results suggest that the primary structure is identical with the highest probability to a NCBI database record ref|NP_062198.1|, representing the last updated record of rat 2b isoform. Nonetheless, four peptides carrying amino acid substitution(s) in comparison with the NCBI database record were identified., J. Žurmanová, D. Maláčová, F. Půta, P. Novák, J. Říčný, T. Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

546. Measurements of reflectance and fluorescence spectra for nondestructive characterizing ripeness of grapevine berries

Creator:
Navrátil, M. and Buschmann, C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, Cabernet Sauvignon, CIE 1931, plant pigments, Riesling, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
In vivo reflectance and fluorescence spectra from berry skins of a white (Riesling) and red (Cabernet Sauvignon) grapevine variety were measured during a ripening season with a new CMOS radiometer instrument. Classical reference measurements were also carried out for a sugar content of the berry juice [°Brix] and pigment contents (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanins) from methanol extracts of the berry skin. We showed that the colours and the spectra analysed from them could be taken as an unambiguous indicator of grapevine ripening. Reflectance spectra, which were affected by the content of pigments (chlorophylls and anthocyanins), effects of surface (wax layers), and tissue structure (cell size) of the berries well correlated (R2 = 0.89) with the °Brix measurements of the berries. The fast data acquisition of both reflectance and fluorescence spectra in one sample with our radiometer instrument made it superior over the time-consuming, traditional, and mostly destructive chemical analysis used in vine-growing management., M. Navrátil, C. Buschmann., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

547. Mechanismy vývinu hypertenze závislé na soli

Creator:
Michal Pravenec
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, hypertenze, kuchyňská sůl, hemodynamika, fyziologie, hypertension, table salt, hemodynamics, physiology, vliv soli, mineralokortikoidy, aldosteron, mineralocorticoids, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Hypertenze závislá na soli patří mezi nejčastější rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních onemocnění. U většiny případů je příčina tohoto onemocnění neznámá, avšak významný podíl hypertenzních jedinců citlivých k soli má zvýšené hladiny mineralokortikoidů. V tomto přehledném článku popisujeme hemodynamické abnormality a mechanismy odpovědné za vývin této formy hypertenze., Salt-dependent hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. In most cases, the etiology is unknown, but it has been estimated that a significant percentage of salt-sensitive hypertensive individuals have mineralocorticoid excess. In this review, we describe hemodynamic abnormalities and mechanisms responsible for initiation of this form of hypertension., and Michal Pravenec.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

550. Medúzka sladkovodní: rosolovitý návštěvník z Číny

Creator:
Adam Petrusek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, žahavci, polypovci, sladkovodní živočichové, Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, freshwater animals, medúzka sladkovodní, Craspedacusta sowerbii, Freshwater Jellyfish, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Medúzka sladkovodní (Craspedacusta sowerbii) je jediným zástupcem rosolovitého zooplanktonu v našich vodách. Článek popisuje historii zkoumání, životní cyklus a ekologii tohoto u nás nepůvodního druhu, který byl do celého světa zavlečen z Číny., The Freshwater Jellyfish (Craspedacusta sowerbii) is the only representative of gelatinous zooplankton in Czech waters. This article describes the body of research on the invasive species, which has spread from China all over the world. The article also includes a description of the species´ life cycle and ecology., and Adam Petrusek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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