Search

Start Over Format svazek Subject fyziologie

222. Professor Schreiber: a pioneer in TRH research

Creator:
Martin Haluzík and Štěpán Svačina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, zprávy, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Schreiber, Vratislav, 1924-2015, 20.-21. století, vědci, lékaři, endokrinologie, fyziologie, scientists, endocrinology, physiology, Česko, Czechia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Martin Haluzík, Štěpán Svačina. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

223. Prophylactic inhalation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine enhances heat shock protein 72 and attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats

Creator:
Chuang, I.-C., Huang, M.-S., Huang, L.-J., Chou, S.-H., Tsai, T.-N., Chen, Y.-C., and Yang, R.-C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, glutamine, heat shock protein 72, acute lung injury, aerosol therapy, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Studies have demonstrated that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays an important role in the protection of stressed organisms. The development of strategies for enhancing HSPs expression may provide novel means of minimizing inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute lung injury. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) inhalation in enhancing pulmonary HSP72 (inducible HSP70) expression and attenuating lung damage in a model of acute lung injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) NS: saline inhalation; (2) NS-LPS: pretreatment by saline inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation; (3) GLN: glutamine inhalation; (4) GLN-LPS: pretreatment by glutamine inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation. The results show that GLN compared with saline administration, led to significant increase in lung HSP72 both in non LPS-treated rats and LPS-treated rats. In LPStreated rats, pretreatment by GLN inhalation produced less lung injury as evidenced by the decrease in lung injury score and dramatic decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell differentiation counts (PMN %) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The study indicates that prophylactic glutamine inhalation associated with the enhancement of HSP72 synthesis attenuates tissue damage in experimental lung injury., I.-C. Chuang, M.-S. Huang, L.-J. Huang, S.-H. Chou, T.-N. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, R.-C. Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

224. Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity bearing enzymes in human blood plasma and glioma cell lines

Creator:
Aleksi Šedo, Radek Malík, Jaroslav Vičar, Šimánek, V., and Jitka Ulrichová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, fagaronine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, macleya cordata, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, attractin, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA), fagaronine (FA), sanguinarine (SA), chelerythrine (CHE) and the QBA extract from Macleya cordata (EX) exerted differential inhibitory effect on the hydrolytic activity of particular dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-like enzyme isolated from human blood plasma and from human and rat glioma cell lines. The low-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, corresponding most probably to DPP-8, observed only in glioma cells but not in human plasma, was inhibited preferentially by SA, CHE and EX, and only slightly by FA. The alkaloid inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent in the range 25-150 M and directly pH-related. In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed. We conclude that some of the QBA biological effects could be determined by tissue and cell type specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like molecules expression pattern., A. Šedo, R. Malík, J. Vičar, V. Šimánek, J. Ulrichová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

225. Real time RT-PCR with a newly designed set of primers confirmed the presence of 2b and 2x/d myosin heavy chain mRNAs in the rat slow soleus muscle

Creator:
Jitka Žurmanová, František Půta, Stopková, R., and Tomáš Soukup
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, potkan, svaly dolních končetin, physiology, Rattus norvegicus, lower limb muscles, rat slow soleus muscle, rat fast EDL muscle, myosin heavy chain isoforms, real time RT-PCR, 14, and 616-092
Language:
English
Description:
In order to re-evaluate the presence and relative quantity of 2b and 2x/d myosin heavy chain (MyHC) transcripts in rat slow soleus muscle by using real time RT-PCR we have compared the available relevant cDNA sequences and designed a new set of primers having similar melting temperatures, matching separate MyHC exons in the regions of maximal differences in MyHC coding sequences, and containing G or C at the 3́-end. These also yielded PCR products of corresponding length, which is an important requirement for real time RT-PCR quantification. The experiments were performed on 8- month-old inbred female Lewis strain rats used in our current study of regenerating transplanted muscles. The real time RT-PCR measurement confirmed the expression of all four MyHC mRNAs (type 1, 2a, 2x/d and 2b) in both fast extensor digitorum longus and slow soleus muscles, although in the soleus muscle of adult rats, only type 1 and 2a protein isoforms can be usually detected, J. Žurmanová, F. Půta, R. Stopková, T. Soukup., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

226. Reduced susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the preconditioned rat heart is independent of PI3-kinase/Akt

Creator:
Ravingerová, T., Jana Matejíková, Dezider Pancza, and František Kolář
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, preconditioning, PI3-kinase/Akt, rat heart, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We examined the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its effector protein ki nase B (Akt) in cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (PC) with particular regards to its role in the protection against ischemia-induced arrhythmias in isolated perfused rat heart. PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM) was administered 15 min prior to 30-min regional (left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion) ischemia for the study of ischemic arrhythmias in the hearts perfused at constant coronary flow or prior to 30-min global ischemia followed by 2-h reperfusion for the infarct size (IS) determination (tetrazolium staining) in the hearts perfused at constant pressure. PC procedure (one cycle of isch emia/reperfusion, 5 min each) significantly reduced the total number of ventricular premature complexes (PVC) and severity of arrhythmias (arrhythmia score; AS) over the whole period of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion in comparison with non-PC controls (PVC 166±40; AS 1.6±0.2 vs . 550±60 and 3.2±0.2; respectively; P<0.05). In a setting of global ischemia/reperfusion, PC decreased IS (in % of the left ventricle, LV) by 73 %. Pretreatment with wortmannin modified neither arrhythmogenesis nor IS in the non-PC hearts. Bracketing of PC with wortmannin did not abolish antiarrhythmic protection (PVC 92±25; AS 1.7±0.2; P<0.05 vs . non-PC hearts). On the other hand, wortmannin increased IS/LV in the PC hearts to 24±1.2 % as compared with 9 ± 0.6 % in the untreated ones (P<0.05). In conclusion, PI3K/Akt inhibition did not affect reduced arrhythmogenesis during ischemia in the PC hearts indicating that in contrast to its positive role in the irreversible myocardial injury, PI3K/Akt activity is not required for protection induced by PC against ischemic arrhythmias in the rat heart., T. Ravingerová, J. Matejíková, D. Pancza, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

227. Regulácia adhézie a proliferácie hladkých svalových buniek na kopolyméroch polylaktidu s polyetylénoxidom

Creator:
Filová, Elena, Bačáková, Lucie, Lisá, Věra, Kubies, Dana, Machová, Luďka, Proks, Vladimír, and Rypáček, František
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie, adheze, cévní protézy, physiology, adhesion, vascular prosthesis, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Modifikáciou chemicko-fyzikálnych vlastností umelých materiálov určených na výrobu cievnych protéz a na podporu regenerácie cievnej steny je možné cielene regulovať adhéziu buniek, ich rast a správnu diferenciáciu. Použitím biodegradovateľných materiálov s antiadhezívnymi vlastnosťami na báze kopolyméru poly(mliečnej kyseliny) s poly(etylén oxidom) sme sa snažili vyhnúť nekontrolovanej adsorpcii proteínov zo séra, alebo z kultivačného média na umelý materiál a neriadenej adhézii buniek. Súčasne to umožňuje predchádzať možným imunitným reakciám, které môžu nastať pri použití cizorodého séra pri kultivácii buniek. Naviazaním vhodných špecifických ligandov pro integrínové receptory- oligopeptidu GRGDSG- na tieto antiadhezívne povrchy sme dosiahli kontrolovanú adhéziu hladkých svalových buniek, sprostredkovanú integrínovými receptormi. Vhodným výberom ligandov-oligoproteínov, ich koncentráciou a konformačným usporiadaním je možné ďalej regulovať adhéziu, rast a proliferáciu určitých typov buniek (hladké svaly, endoteliálne bunky a pod.) potrebných na vytvorenie funkčnej cievnej steny., Elena Filová, Lucie Bačáková, Věra Lisá, Dana Kubies, Luďka Machová, Vladimír Proks, František Rypáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

228. Relation of cholesterol metabolism and non-cholesterol sterols to insulin resistance

Creator:
Alena Šmahelová, Radomír Hyšpler, and Haas, T.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, cholesterol, fytosteroly, physiology, phytosterols, non-cholesterol sterols, metabolic syndrom, cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Using non-cholesterol sterols investigation several authors postulated a hypothesis that in the metabolic syndrome cholesterol endogenous synthesis is increased and its absorption decreased. Our study is the first attempt to evaluate the direct relation of cholesterol metabolism to the principal pathogenetic phenomenon of the metabolic syndrome – namely to insulin resistance. We have measured insulin sensitivity by two methods – Quicki (Quantitative Sensitivity Check Index) and intravenous insulin tolerance test (Kitt) and 3 indirect markers - fasting insulin level, fasting C-peptide level and SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin). The investigation was performed in three groups of subjects with a different prevalence of insulin resistance: 72 non-diabetics with ischemic heart disease, 117 young blood donors and 63 type 2 diabetics on diet therapy only. Analyzing altogether 60 relationships – between four sterols (lathosterol, squalene, sitosterol and campesterol) and five markers of insulin resistance in three groups of subjects – we have found only six significant relations between cholesterol synthesis and absorption and insulin resistance in all groups of patients. Our results indicate that there exists a significant relationship between insulin sensitivity and indices of either increased cholesterol synthesis or decreased cholesterol absorption. Insulin resistance explains only a part of both abnormalities mentioned above., A. Šmahelová, R. Hypšler, T. Haas., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

229. Relationship between oxygenation in inactive biceps brachii muscle and hyperventilation during leg cycling

Creator:
Ogata, Hisayoshi, Arimitsu, T., Matsuura, R., Yunoki, T., Horiuchi, M., and Yano, T.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, svaly horních končetin, dýchání, human physiology, upper limb muscles, respiration, nadměrné dýchání, dodávka kyslíku, hyperventilation, oxygen supply, arterial carbon dioxide pressure, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Inactive forearm muscle oxygenation has been reported to begin decreasing from the respiratory compensation point (RCP) during ramp leg cycling. From the RCP, hyperventilation occurs with a decrease in arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2). The aim of this study was to determine which of these two factors, hyperventilation or decrease in PaCO2, is related to a decrease in inactive biceps brachii muscle oxygenation during leg cycling. Each subject (n = 7) performed a 6-min two-step leg cycling. The exercise intensity in the first step (3 min) was halfway between the ventilatory threshold and RCP (170±21 watts), while that in the second step (3 min) was halfway between the RCP and peak oxygen uptake (240±28 watts). The amount of hyperventilation and PaCO2 were calculated from gas parameters. The average cross correlation function in seven subjects between inactive muscle oxygenation and amount of hyperventilation showed a negative peak at the time shift of zero (r = -0.72, p<0.001), while that between inactive muscle oxygenation and calculated PaCO2 showed no peak near the time shift of zero. Thus, we concluded that decrease in oxygenation in inactive arm muscle is closely coupled with increase in the amount of hyperventilation., H. Ogata, T. Arimitsu, R. Matsuura, T. Yunoki, M. Horiuchi, T. Yano., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

230. Renal adrenomedullin and high altitude diuresis

Creator:
Haditsch, B., Roessler, A., and Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, nefrologie, adaptace (biologie), physiology, nephrology, adaptation (biology), adrenomedullin, high altitude, hypoxic diuretic response, volume regulation, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Previous investigations revealed that most of the fluid regulating hormones showed no consistent relationship to the hypoxic diuretic response (HDR). In this study we examined if adrenomedullin (AM), a hypoxia-mediated diuretic/natriuretic peptide is connected to HDR. Thirty-three persons were examined at low altitude (LA), on the third exposure day at 3440 m (medium altitude, MA) and on the fourteenth day at 5050 m (high altitude, HA). Nocturnal diuresis rose from 460 ml [interquartile range 302 ml] at LA to 560 [660] ml at MA to 1015 [750] ml at HA (p<0.005). Sodium excretion was similar at LA and MA (41.8 [27.0] vs. 41.4 [28.4] mM) and increased to 80.2 [29.1] mM at HA (p<0.005). Urinary AM excretion was 7.9 [3.9] at LA, 7.5 [5.7] pM at MA, and increased to 10.5 [5.1] pM (p<0.05) at HA. Urinary AM excretion was correlated to diuresis (r=0.72, p<0.005) and sodium excretion (r=0.57, p<0.005). Plasma AM concentration rose from 16.4 [3.1] to 18.8 [4.9] pM/l at MA (p<0.005) and to 18.3 [4.3] pM/l at HA (p<0.005). Plasma AM concentration and urinary AM excretion were not correlated, neither were plasma AM concentration and diuresis or natriuresis. Our data suggest the involvement of increased renal AM production in the pathophysiology of high altitude fluid and sodium loss., B. Haditsch, A. Roessler, H. G. Hinghofer-Szalkay., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public