Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the
activation of different tissue recovery processes have not yet
been fully understood. The detailed quantification of LF EMF
effects on the angiogenesis were analysed in our experiments by
using cultured human and mouse endothelial cells. Two types of
fields were used in the tests as follows: the LF EMF with
rectangular pulses, 340-microsecond mode at a frequency of
72 Hz and peak intensity 4 mT, and the LF EMF with sinusoidal
alternating waveform 5 000 Hz, amplitude-modulated by means
of a special interference spectrum mode set to a frequency linear
sweep from 1 to 100 Hz for 6 s and from 100 Hz to 1 Hz return
also for 6 s, swing period of 12 second. Basic parameters of
cultured cells measured after the LF EMF stimulus were viability
and proliferation acceleration. Both types of endothelial cells
(mouse and human ones) displayed significant changes in the
proliferation after the application of the LF EMF under conditions
of a rectangular pulse mode. Based on the results, another test
of the stimulation on a more complex endothelial-fibroblast
coculture model will be the future step of the investigation.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce some new generalized double difference sequence spaces using summability with respect to a two valued measure and an Orlicz function in $2$-normed spaces which have unique non-linear structure and to examine some of their properties. This approach has not been used in any context before.
In this paper, following the methods of Connor \cite {connor}, we extend the idea of statistical convergence of a double sequence (studied by Muresaleen and Edely \cite {moe}) to $\mu $-statistical convergence and convergence in $\mu $-density using a two valued measure $\mu $. We also apply the same methods to extend the ideas of divergence and Cauchy criteria for double sequences. We then introduce a property of the measure $\mu $ called the (APO$_2$) condition, inspired by the (APO) condition of Connor \cite {jc}. We mainly investigate the interrelationships between the two types of convergence, divergence and Cauchy criteria and ultimately show that they become equivalent if and only if the measure $\mu $ has the condition (APO$_2$).
One of the limiting factors in decreasing the systematic error of laser ranging is the influence of the atmospheric refraction. Two colour ranging may contribute useful information for more precise refraction factor modelling and calculation. We will describe two wavelength experiment using streak camera as a high resolution detector for ground target distance measurement.
A previously reported procedure for the introduction of Borrelia spirochetes into tick larvae by immersion in a suspension of spirochetes was tested on Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks and three of the most medically important European Borrelia genomic species, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii and B. afzelii. The procedure was compared with ''classical'' infection of nymphs by feeding on infected mice. Both methods yielded comparable results (infection rate 44-65%) with the exception of B. afzelii, which produced better results using the immersion method (44%) compared with feeding on infected mice (16%). Nymphs infected by the immersion method at the larval stage were able to transmit the infection to naïve mice as shown by serology and PCR detection of spirochetal DNA in organs. The immersion method is faster than feeding on infected mice and provides more reproducible conditions for infection. It can be exploited for studies on both pathogen transmission and Borrelia-vector interactions.
The contemporary Platonists in the philosophy of mathematics argue that mathematical objects exist. One of the arguments by which they support this standpoint is the so-called Enhanced Indispensability Argument (EIA). This paper aims at pointing out the difficulties inherent to the EIA. The first is contained in the vague formulation of the Argument, which is the reason why not even an approximate scope of the set objects whose existence is stated by the Argument can be established. The second problem is reflected in the vagueness of the very term indispensability, which is essential to the Argument. The paper will remind of a recent definition of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical object, reveal its deficiency and propose an improvement of this definition. Following this, we will deal with one of the consequences of the arbitrary employment of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical theory. We will propose a definition of this concept as well, in accordance with the common intuition about it. Eventually, on the basis of these two definitions, the paper will describe the relation between these two concepts, in the attempt to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the EIA., Současní platonisté ve filozofii matematiky argumentují, že matematické objekty existují. Jedním z argumentů, které toto stanovisko podporují, je tzv. Enhanced Indispensability Argument (EIA). Cílem tohoto příspěvku je poukázat na obtíže spojené s EIA. První z nich je obsažena v vágní formulaci Argumentu, což je důvod, proč nelze stanovit ani přibližný rozsah nastavených objektů, jejichž existence je uvedena argumentem. Druhý problém se odráží v neurčitosti samotného pojmu nepostradatelnost, která je pro argument nezbytná. Příspěvek bude připomínat nedávnou definici pojmu nepostradatelnost matematického objektu, odhalit jeho nedostatek a navrhnout zlepšení této definice. Poté budeme se zabývat jedním z důsledků svévolného zaměstnávání konceptu nepostradatelnosti matematické teorie. Navrhneme také definici této koncepce v souladu se společnou intuicí. Nakonec, na základě těchto dvou definic, bude článek popsat vztah mezi těmito dvěma pojmy, ve snaze objasnit koncepční aparát EIA., and Vladimir Drekalović
A refined common generalization of known theorems (Arhangel’skii, Michael, Popov and Rančin) on the Fréchetness of products is proved. A new characterization, in terms of products, of strongly Fréchet topologies is provided.
This paper focuses on a two-layer approach to genetic programming algorithm and the improvement of the training process using ensemble learning. Inspired by the performance leap of deep neural networks, the idea of a multilayered approach to genetic programming is proposed to start with two-layered genetic programming. The goal of the paper was to design and implement a twolayer genetic programming algorithm, test its behaviour in the context of symbolic regression on several basic test cases, to reveal the potential to improve the learning process of genetic programming and increase the accuracy of the resulting models. The algorithm works in two layers. In the first layer, it searches for appropriate sub-models describing each segment of the data. In the second layer, it searches for the final model as a non-linear combination of these sub-models. Two-layer genetic programming coupled with ensemble learning techniques on the experiments performed showed the potential for improving the performance of genetic programming.
In many natural language processing applications two or more models usually have to be involved for accuracy. But it is difficult for minor models, such as “backoff” taggers in part-of-speech tagging, to cooperate smoothly with the major probabilistic model. We introduce a two-stage approach for model selection between hidden Markov models and other minor models. In the first stage, the major model is extended to give a set of candidates for model selection. Parameters weighted hidden Markov model is presented using weighted ratio to create the candidate set. In the second stage, heuristic rules and features are used as evaluation functions to give extra scores to candidates in the set. Such scores are calculated using a diagnostic likelihood ratio test based on sensitivity and specificity criteria. The selection procedure can be fulfilled using swarm optimization technique. Experiment results on public tagging data sets show the applicability of the proposed approach.