INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the study was to investigate the physiological and social needs of patients hospitalized with schizophrenia to uncover potential issues in these areas. METHODS: The relevant self-evaluating CANSAS questionnaire for physiological and social needs was used by nurses in a cohort of hospitalized schizophrenic patients undergoing rehabilitation before discharge from the mental hospital. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-four patients (women N = 115) aged 18-58 years were involved in the study. Intimate relations, financial matters, treatment of psychotic symptoms, and sexual life were among the most pressing physiological and social needs in our study subjects. CONCLUSION: The results of our study should stimulate psychiatric nurses in their effort not only to detect but also address the problems of schizophrenic patients concerning unfulfilled needs. and J. Hosáková, L. Hosák
Cílem pilotní studie bylo vyhodnotit kvalitu života (Quality of Life – QoL) u pacientek s karcinomem prsu ve vztahu k léčebným modalitám a jejich kombinacím. Ve studii QoL participovalo 71 pacientek s karcinomem prsu, QoL byla hodnocena pomocí Amerického dotazníku zdraví (SF36), Dotazníku životní spokojenosti a české výzkumné verze Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). Průměrná doba od diagnózy do doby hodnocení QoL ve výzkumném souboru byla 4,5 roku. Statistická významnost rozdílů v kvalitě života mezi pacientkami s různou léčbou byla testována Mannovým-Whitneyovým testem pro jednotlivé typy terapie a Kruskalovým-Wallisovým testem pro kombinace terapie. Vztah mezi kvalitou života a léčebnou modalitou byl zjištěn pro dotazník SF36 – pro dimenzi emocionální funkční role a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049), pro dotazník FACT-B – fyzický stav a chemoterapii (vyšší kvalita života u pacientek bez chemoterapie, p = 0,012), pro FACT-B – sociální/rodinný stav a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,036), pro FACT-G skóre a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049) a dále pro Dotazník životní spokojenosti – pro dimenzi zdraví a kombinaci léčby (nejvyšší kvalita života u kombinace operace, chemoterapie, radioterapie, biologické a hormonální terapie, nejnižší u kombinace předešlých bez biologické terapie, p = 0,027). Pro úplnost uvádíme typ a četnost vedlejších efektů léčebných modalit. Zjistili jsme vyšší QoL u operovaných pacientek a nižší QoL u pacientek vystavených chemoterapii, avšak naše závěry vyžadují další výzkumná ověření. Klíčová slova: karcinom prsu – kvalita života – onkologická léčba – vedlejší efekty léčby, The aim of the pilot study was to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast carcinoma in relation to treatment modalities and their combinations. A total of 71 patients with breast carcinoma participated in this study. QoL was assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Czech research version of Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). The average time from diagnosis at the time of QoL assessment was 4.5 years. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in QoL between groups of patients with different type of therapy and Kruskal-Wallis test for combinations of therapies. A relation between quality of life and a treatment modality was found for questionnaire SF 36 – for the dimension of emotional functional role and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.049), for questionnaire FACT-B – physical condition and chemotherapy (higher quality of life in patients without chemotherapy, p = 0.012), for FACT-B – social/family condition and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.036), for FACT-G score and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patents, p = 0.049) and further for Life Satisfaction Questionnaire – for the dimension of health and treatment combination (the highest quality of life in case of the combination of operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological and hormonal therapy, the lowest quality of life in case of the combination of the previous without biological therapy, p = 0.027). Additionally, we described type and occurrence of side effects of treatment modalities. Generally we found higher QoL in operated patients and lower in patients who underwent chemotherapy, however our findings require further research verifications. Key words: breast carcinoma – quality of life – oncological treatment – treatment side effects, and Kateřina Skřivanová, Ľubomíra Anderková, Dagmar Brančíková, Marcela Bendová, Nela Elfmarková, Tomáš Svěrák, Hana Peterková, Jiří Jarkovský, Klára Benešová, Luboš Minář, Ladislav Dušek
Cílem studie bylo prozkoumat vztah mezi sociální oporou, socioekonomickými determinantami a průběhem onkologické léčby. Byl sledován výskyt komplikací souvisejících s toxicitou protinádorové terapie, výskyt viróz během 6 měsíců po operaci a pooperační komplikace. Ve studii participovalo 139 pacientek s karcinomem prsu (medián věku 65 let), sociální opora (SO) a socioekonomický status (SES) byly hodnoceny na základě strukturovaného interview. SES byl odhadován na základě kategorií ekonomického příjmu a dosaženého vzdělání. Ze zdravotnické dokumentace byly do analýz zařazeny údaje o výskytu obecně léčebných komplikací, komplikací po operaci a o výskytu infekčních onemocnění typu viróz do 6 měsíců po operaci. Statistická významnost rozdílů v kategoriálních proměnných mezi testovanými skupinami byla hodnocena Fisherovým přesným testem. Statisticky významné rozdíly mezi skupinami s a bez SO byly zjištěny u celého souboru pacientek v méně častém výskytu viróz u pacientek se SO (bez viróz 70,3 % vs 48,3 % bez SO). U pacientek se SO ve věku do 60 let byl zjištěn nižší výskyt pooperačních komplikací (56,7 % vs 0 %) i obecně nižší počet komplikací v souvislosti s onkologickou léčbou (více než 4 komplikace se projevily u 47,1 % se SO vs 100 % bez SO). U pacientek se SO ve stadiu nemoci II–III byl zjištěn nižší výskyt viróz (bez viróz 63,2 % vs 28,6 %) a nižší četnost komplikací (více než 4 komplikace 35,5 % vs 73,3 %). Statisticky významný vztah (P = 0,015) byl zjištěn mezi vzděláním a počtem komplikací u pacientek se stadiem II–III, u pacientek se základním a učňovským vzděláním byl vyšší podíl více než 4 komplikací (55,9 %) oproti skupině se středním a vyšším vzděláním (32,6 %). Zvýšený trend byl nalezen pro vztah mezi SES a výskytem komplikací souvisejících s onkologickou léčbou (P = 0,06) ve skupině pacientek s karcinomem prsu ve stadiu II–III.Zjistili jsme indicie pro vztah sociální opory a průběh onkologické léčby pro starší pacientky napříč klinickými stadii a pro vztah SES a výskyt léčebných komplikací pro starší ženy ve stadiu II–III. Sociální opora je velmi důležitý faktor pro zdraví pacientek, významnou pozitivní roli hraje také vyšší socioekonomický status a vzdělání. Klíčová slova: karcinom prsu – onkologická léčba – sociální opora – socioekonomický status, The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between social support, socioeconomic determinants and oncological treatment progress in patients with complications due to the toxicity of antitumor therapy, viral diseases during 6 months following surgery, as well as postoperative complications. The study sample consisted of 139 female patients with breast cancer (age median: 65 years), and social support (SS) and socioeconomic status (SES) were evaluated based on a structured interview. SES was estimated based on income and education classification. The analyses performed included information from patients’ documentation, including data on the occurrence of general therapy complications, postoperative complications, and the occurrence of infectious viral diseases within the first 6 months following surgery. The level of statistical significance of the differences within category-specific variables between the analysed groups was evaluated with Fisher’s exact test. The differences in statistical significance between groups with and without SS were found within the entire group of patients, while viral diseases occurred less in patients with SS (no viral diseases 70.3% vs 48.3% without SS). Patients with SS and below 60 years of age experienced a lower occurrence of postoperative complications (56.7% vs 0%), as well as generally lower numbers of complications resulting from oncological treatment (more than 4 complications occurred in 47.1% of patients with SS vs 100% of patients without SS). Patients with SS in the Stage II–III experienced a lower occurrence of viral diseases (63.2% no virosis vs 28.6%) and a lower occurrence of complications (35.5% more than four complications vs 73.3%). A statistically significant relationship (P = 0.015) was determined between the education of patients and the number of complications in patients in Stage II–III: more than four complications occurred in patients with basic and vocational education (55.9%), compared to patients with secondary and higher education (32.6%). An increasing trend was determined for the relationship between SES and the occurrence of complications due to oncological treatment (P = 0.06) within the group of patients with Stage II–III breast cancer. We have found evidence supporting the idea of a relationship between social support and oncological treatment for older patients across clinical stages and for the relationship between SES and the occurrence of complications for older women in Stage II–III. Social support is a factor which is of great importance for patient health, while higher socioeconomic status and education play a significant role, too. Keywords: breast cancer – oncological treatment – social support – socioeconomic status, and Kateřina Skřivanová, Dagmar Brančíková, Tomáš Svěrák, Ľubomíra Anderková, Nela Elfmarková, Marcela Bendová, Hana Peterková, Eva Holoubková, Jiří Jarkovský, Klára Benešová, Markéta Protivánková, Luboš Minář, Ladislav Dušek