The target of research was the implementation of the comparative analysis of conservative therapy of preparation of basic therapy and also new methods of treatment (anticytokine therapy). Appointment of salofalk in twos tablets (0, 5) 34 times a day per os, and also 2,0 gr in the form of a rectal enema unitary for a period of seven days, then had transferd the patients to reception 2,0 gr salofalk per os, allowed to achieve substantial improvement patients cliniclaboratory and endoscopic symptoms with a heavy intensification of ulcer colitis variation, providing full cliniclabaratory remissions achievements of disease at 8 (34 %) patients. In the Minister of the Uzbek Public Health of the Republican Science Coloproctological Center at 10 patients with the IDI have spent the therapy remicade, 7 of them had NUC and 3 patients had the Crohn's disease. Therefore, all patients no longer than on the first week after introduction of remicade had improvement of a course disease which was expressed in defering stool, extinction or reduction of pathological impurity in excrement and subsidence bellyaches. During colonoscopical inspection, in 1218 weeks after the first infusion at 80% of the patients had observed disappearance of ulcers and erosion. In terms of 6 months of supervision of relapse of disease was not noted. All new directions in treatment of the IDI, apparently, are perspective, but while are proved only theoretically and had no practical development. Unique and enough effective and safe method at the IDI and already has clinical acknowledgement is remicade., Matkarimov S. R., Rustamov A. E., Rahmonov S. T., and Literatura
Colonic polyps and polyposis are studied in 183 patients. It has been found, that sensitivity of rectoscopy is 66.7%, irrigoscopy 61.1%, virtual colonoscopy computeraided tomography of colon (VCCATC) 79.1%. Endoscopic polypectomy was the main treatment method used in patents with colonic polyps and polyposis (18.6%). In cases of surgical treatment (57.9%) in patients with total involvement of colon colproctectomy with formation of ileal reservoir can be considered as the method of choice., Sapaev D. A., Navruzov S. N., Rakhmanov S. T., Kurbonov O. A., Mirzakhmedov M. M., and Literatura
Cieľ: Výskum bol zameraný na identifikáciu drţania diéty u adolescentných respondentov a niektorých príčin jej drţania vo vzťahu k pohlaviu a veku. Metodika: Na získanie empirických dát boli pouţité vybrané poloţky sebaposudzovacieho meracieho nástroja s názvom Mapovanie stravovacích návykov medzi adolescentmi (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark- Sztainer et al.). Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 387 adolescentných respondentov, toho času študentov prvých a štvrtých ročníkov stredných škôl. Výsledky: Podľa výsledkov výskumu ţeny častejšie drţia diéty (redukčné alebo pre jej udrţanie) či uţ v minulom roku (p = 0,002) aj v terajšej dobe (p = 0,000). Sú nespokojné so svojou hmotnosťou (p = 0,000) a postavou (p = 0,009). Respondenti vo veku 18 - 20 rokov uviedli, ţe si ich členovia rodiny doberali alebo si robili posmech z ich hmotnosti (p = 0,000). Vyššie percento ţien zaţilo negatívne hodnotenie ich hmotnosti zo strany členov rodiny (27,5 %) a vrstovníkov (33,5 %). Záver: Sestra v klinickej praxi môţe byť nápomocná pri identifikovaní drţania diét u adolescentov a jej príčin z hľadiska prevencie dopadu drţania diét na telesné a duševné zdravie adolescenta a pri realizácii uţ cielených intervencií, napr. edukácie v rámci takto obsahovo zameranej prevencie., Aim: The research was aimed at identifying dieting among adolescent respondents and some of the reasons for its keeping in relation to sex and age. Methods: For obtaining empirical data selected items of self-assessing measuring tool called Mapping dietary habits among adolescents were used (The Project EAT Survey, Neumark-Sztainer et al.). The research sample consisted of 387 adolescent respondents, previously high school students (of the first and fourth study year). Results: According to results of research women more frequently keep a diet (in order to lose weight or keep it the same) in last year (p = 0,002) as well as at present-day period (p = 0,000). They are not satisfied with their weight (p = 0,000) and figure (p = 0,009). Respondents aged 18-20 years reported that their family members have teased or made fun of their weight (p = 0,000). A higher percentage of women had experience a negative evaluation of their weight on the part of the family members (27,5 %) and peers (33,5 %). Conclusion: A nurse in clinical practice can be helpful in identifying dieting among adolescents and its causes in order to prevent the impact of diets on physical and mental health of adolescent and in the implementation of already targeted interventions, e.g. education in the context of the following content targeting prevention., Michaela Miertová, and Literatura 40
In order to study cardiac pathology in different subtypes of ischemic stroke we examined 165 stroke patients. The 1st group included 90 (54.5%) patients with hemodynamic stroke, the 2nd one - 75 (45.5%) patients with cardioembolic stroke. Control group consisted of 45 individuals without cerebrovascular diseases. Cardiac pathologies with the prevalence of various types of ischemic heart disease were observed in all groups. The parameters of left ventricular stroke volume and ejection fraction were lower in patients with hemodynamic stroke than in other groups, but were within normal limits. Potential sources of cardiogenic embolism were found in all groups: in the 1st group at 74.4%, in the 2nd one at 100%. Thus, most patients with ischemic stroke have different heart defects related to the subtypes of ischemic stroke., Natalya Dadamyants, and Literatura
Objectives: The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of dopamine receptor D2 / ankyrin repeat and protein kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA allelic polymorphism in the HPVinduced cervical carcinogenesis. Methods: 1. Effect on the risk of cervical precancer: After an 8year followup, out of 214 women with persisting highrisk HPV infection, 102 developed highgrade cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III, while 112 did not. The subjects were genotyped for the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism by PCRRFLP, and the allelic distributions were compared between groups with and without highgrade dysplasia. 2. Prognostic value: Two hundred and thirty nine women with cervical precancer/cancer were followed for 5 years. Complete remission was achieved at 182 women. To assess the prognostic value of the TaqIA polymorphism, genotype frequencies were compared between patients reaching and not reaching complete remission. Results: The frequency of A1/A1+A1/A2 genotypes was higher among women who developed highgrade cervical dysplasia (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.053.33; p=0.034) than in the other group. Occurrence of the A1 allele was more frequent among women who did not reach complete remission (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.073.74; p=0.030) than in women with complete remission. Conclusions: This is the first report on the possible involvement of DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism in cervical carcinogenesis. The A1 allele seems to increase the risk of cervical precancer, and it may also be associated with a worse prognosis in women with HPVinduced cervical cancer. The results need further validation in largescale molecular epidemiological studies., József Cseh, Zsuzsa Orsós, Emese Pázsit, Erika Marek, András Huszár, István Ember, István Kiss, and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem výzkumu bylo popsat zkušenosti hospitalizovaných dětí (adolescentů), doprovodu hospitalizovaných dětí předškolního a mladšího školního věku a všeobecné sestry s etickými problémy při hospitalizaci dítěte na standardním dětském lůžkovém oddělení. Metodika: Byl proveden kvalitativní výzkum. Pro sběr dat byl použit nestandardizovaný rozhovor. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo osm informátorů, osoby doprovázející dítě při hospitalizaci (n = 5), hospitalizované děti v adolescentním věku (n = 2) a dětská sestra (n = 1). Na základě kvalitativní analýzy dat byly vytvořeny 4 kategorie (1. informovaný souhlas, 2. přítomnost blízkého člověka, 3. srozumitelné informace a 4. péče sester), které byly dále členěny do podkategorií. Výsledky: Mezi nejčastější etické problémy při hospitalizaci dítěte na standardním lůžkovém oddělení respondenti uvedli: problémy s informovaným souhlasem v neúplných rodinách, nedostatečnou informovanost o nemoci a zdraví dítěte, deficit v oblasti edukace, nedostatek komunikace se sestrou a nedostatečnou péči. Adolescenti považovali za etický problém při hospitalizaci pocit malého respektování vlastní autonomie u rozhodování o sobě sama, potřebu většího soukromí a respektu k pocitům studu. Závěr: Většině etických problémů lze předcházet zvládnutím efektivní komunikace a dostatečné informovanosti a to již před hospitalizací dítěte v ambulanci praktického lékaře pro děti a dorost, případně v odborné ambulanci., Objective: The aim of the research was to describe the experience of hospitalized children (adolescents), accompaniment of hospitalized children preschool and younger school age and general nurses with ethical problems during the hospitalization of children on the standard children's ward. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted. For data collection was used nonstandardized interview. The research group consisted of eight informants, persons accompanying the child during hospitalization (n = 5), hospitalized children in adolescence age (n = 2) and child nurse (n = 1). Based on qualitative data analysis were created four categories (1. informed consent, 2. the presence of a loved one, 3. understandable information 4. care of nurses ), which were further divided into subcategories. Results: The most common ethical problems in the child's hospitalization on the standard ward respondents were stated: problems with informed consent in single-parent families, lack of information about the child's disease and child's health, the deficit in the area of education, lack of communication with the nurse and lack of care. Adolescents considered as the ethical problem during hospitalization the feeling of little respect for autonomy in deciding of themselves, the need for greater privacy and respect for the feelings of shame. Conclusion: Majority of ethical problems can be prevented by mastering effective communication and sufficient awareness, and this can be achieved before the hospitalization of child in the ambulance of GP for children and adolescents, or in specialist clinic., Žaneta Beránková, and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať faktory ovplyvňujúce dentálnu hygienu, medzi ktoré patrí konzumácia sladkostí a sladených nápojov u školskej mládeže z hľadiska veku a pohlavia a zároveň analyzovať výskyt dentálnej hygieny počas dňa. Metodika: Súbor respondentov tvorilo 1187 žiakov (620 dievčat a 567 chlapcov) vo veku 11, 13 a 15 rokov v oblasti stredného Slovenska. Zber údajov prebiehal v období máj 2010 až jún 2010. Na zber údajov bol použitý štandardizovaný dotazník vytvorený pre potreby HBSC štúdie (Health Behaviour in School – aged Children). Výsledky boli vyhodnotené Chí-kvadrát testom. Výsledky: Sladkosti a kolu v jednotlivých vekových kategóriách konzumuje každý deň alebo viac krát za deň približne tretina respondentov. Výskyt umývania zubov viac ako raz denne je približne rovnaký vo všetkých vekových kategóriách od 53% u 11 ročných chlapcov do 64% u 15 ročných dievčat. Vo všetkých vekových kategóriách dievčatá udávajú častejšie umývanie zubov v porovnaní s chlapcami. Záver: Výsledky poukazujú na zvýšenú konzumáciu sladkostí a koly počas dňa u školskej mládež stredného Slovenska, čo môže spôsobovať zvýšenú kazivosť zubov. Dentálna hygiena je v našom súbore respondentov nedostačujúca. Na základe získaných výsledkov je možné konštatovať, že potreba zvyšovania úrovne vedomostí nielen detí, ale aj rodičov o zásadách správneho stravovania a o zásadách dentálnej hygieny je neodmysliteľnou súčasťou výchovy k zdraviu a preventívnych opatrení v školskom veku., Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the factors affecting dental hygiene such as consumption of sweets and sweet soft drinks in school-aged pupils in terms of their age and gender and at the same time to analyse the occurrence of dental hygiene during the day. Methods: The set of respondents consisted of 1187 pupils (620 girls and 567 boys) at the age of 11, 13 and 15 years in the area of central Slovakia. The data collection was conducted in the period of May 2010 to June 2010. For data collection was used standardized questionnaire for HBSC studies (Health Behaviour in School–aged Children). The results were analysed by Chi-square test. Results: Approximately one third of respondents in each category consumes sweets and Coca-cola every day or several times a day. The occurrence of cleaning the teeth more than once a day was equally proved in all age groups ranging from 53% in 11 years old boys to 64% in 15 years old girls. The girls of all age groups indicate more frequent cleaning of teeth in comparison with boys. Conclusion: The results show increased consumption of sweets and Cocacola during the day in the school youth from central Slovakia, which may cause an increase in tooth decay. Dental hygiene in our set of respondents is insufficient. Based on the obtained results is possible to state that the need for higher level of knowledge, not only in children but also in parents about the principles of proper diet and proper dental hygiene is the integral part of the preventive measures and health education at school age., Mária Kožuchová, Martina Bašková, and Literatura 18
Autorky příspěvku seznamují s dílčími výsledky vlastní sociometricky zaměřené metody, kterou aplikovaly ve třídách druhého stupně jedné ZŠ v České republice. V příspěvku je věnována pozornost hlavně těm výstupům, které se vztahují ke skupince dětí s nadváhou a obezitou. Pro adolescentní děti je prostředí školy a školní třídy důležitou součástí sociální reality, která značně ovlivňuje utváření jejich sebedůvěry, sebevědomí, identity a z těchto hledisek ovlivňuje po řadu kritických let kvalitu jejich života. Některé klinicky zaměřené zahraniční publikace tuto realitu reflektují a okolnostem života dětí s nadváhou a obezitou ve školním prostředí věnují pozornost (Kiess et al., 2009; Pallan et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2005; Skidmore, Yarnell, 2004). Vzhledem k malému počtu dětí s nadváhou a obezitou byly výsledky v diskusi a v závěrečné části příspěvku shrnuty jen popisným způsobem., The authors of this article acquaint with the partial results of their own sociometric focused method, that they applied on the second stage of one elementary school in the Czech Republic. Attention is paid mainly to those outcomes, that relate to a group of children with overweight and obesity. For adolescent children are school environment and school classes important part of social reality, that greatly affects the formation of self-confidence, self-esteem, identity and affects many aspects of their quality of life during these crucial years. Even some clinically oriented foreign publications reflect this reality and pay attention to these circumstances of these children´s life (Kiess et al., 2009; Pallan et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2005; Reilly et al., 2012; Skidmore, Yarnell, 2004). Taking into account the small number of this specific group, the results were summarized in the final part of article only in a descriptive way., Včelařová H., Bendová M., and Literatura
Hymenální atrézie - potažmo její důsledky - je vzácnou příčinou bolestí v podbřišku u dospívajících dívek, snadno zaměnitelnou za chirurgickou etiologii obtíží. Gynekologické vyšetření dívek a žen před chirurgickou intervencí je nezbytnou součástí diagnostického algoritmu, v případě atrézie hymen tímto lze v některých případech předejít abdominálnímu operačnímu řešení obtíží. Tato kazuistika demonstruje překvapivý nález v dutině břišní u 15leté dívky s bolestmi břicha, primárně chirurgem operované pro diagnózu „akutní apendicitida“. Kromě klinického obrazu jsme v tomto případě byli svědky i poměrně nezvyklého nálezu laboratorního - extrémně vysoké hodnoty CA 125., Hymenal atresia – and its results in fact - is the rare cause of pelvic or abdominal pain in pubescent girls, which could be changed for surgical cause of ailment easily. Gynecologic examination should be a part of a diagnostic algorithm in women and young girls before every surgical intervention - we can avoid an abdominal operation in case of hymenal atresia. This case report demonstrates a surprising finding in 15 years old girl, which was primarily operated by surgeon for diagnosis „acute appendicitis“. In this particular case next to clinical findings there was an extremely high value of CA 125 marker in laboratory., Lukáš Straka, and Literatura
The aim of the study was to establish the frequency of hypovitaminosis D in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), its influence on biochemical and densitometric parameters and the relation to diabetic nephropathy. 58 children with T1D at the age 9–19 years were enrolled to the study. Vitamin D concentration less than 30 ng/ml was considered as insufficient. 37 children (63.79%) had vitamin D level under 30 ng/ml, from these 19 subjects (32.7%) had vitamin D level under 20 ng/ml and 2 subjects (3.44%) under 10 ng/ml. Children with vitamin D deficiency had significantly lower magnesium concentration and lower Z score of lumbar spine (−1.34 ± 1.24 vs. −0.30 ± 1.21, p = 0.01) compared to diabetics with sufficient vitamin D concentration. No significant difference was found in parameters calcium, phosphorus or glycosylated hemoglobin. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) showed no significant difference in vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin or Z score of lumbar spine compared to the patients without nephropathy (n = 40). Subjects with nephropathy had significantly longer diabetes duration, significantly higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentration. In our cohort of patients nearly two thirds of children had insufficient vitamin D concentration what supports the need to monitor and eventually supplement vitamin D in T1D subjects., Jarmila Vojtková, Miriam Čiljaková, Lenka Vojarová, Katarína Janíková, Zuzana Michnová, Veronika Šagiová, and Literatura 35