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1622. Afrojoyeuxia gen. n. and Hunkeleriella gen. n., two new genera of cestodes (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) from African rodents
- Creator:
- Haukisalmi, Voitto
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, Paranoplocephala, systematics, taxonomy, Ctenodactylus, Dasymys, and Ethiopian region
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on the study of type material, two new genera of cestodes (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae) are proposed for Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato species from African rodents. Afrojoyeuxia gen. n., proposed for A. gundii (Joyeux, 1923) comb. n. from Ctenodactylus gundi (Rothmann) (Hystricomorpha: Ctenodactylidae), is characterized by a high length/width ratio of mature proglottids, longitudinally extensive testicular field positioned anterior to the female glands, an ovoid or subspherical cirrus-sac and a thick, conical cirrus. Hunkeleriella gen. n., proposed for H. dasymidis (Hunkeler, 1972) comb. n. from Dasymys incomtus (Sundevall) (Myomorpha: Muridae), differs from related genera mainly by its short (10-20 mm) and wide strobila and neck, unilateral genital pores (exceptionally with a few changes per strobila), the position of the genital pores (slightly anterior to the middle of proglottid margin) and initially tube-like early uterus (later reticulated). Parandrya Gulyaev et Chechulin, 1996, earlier suggested to be a junior synonym of Paranoplocephala, is considered to be a valid, independent genus. Evidence of non-monophyly and need for a taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala sensu lato, as well as the phylogenetic position of A. gundii and H. dasymidis are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1623. Afromontane Coelocorynus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): Larval descriptions, biological notes and phylogenetic placement
- Creator:
- Šípek, Petr, Gill, Bruce D., and Grebennikov, Vasily V.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Cetoniinae, Valgini, Trichiini, Cryptodontina, Coelocorynus, larvae, morphology, phylogeny, Africa, Cameroon, and Mt. Oku
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper reports the collecting of adult beetles and third-instar larvae of Coelocorynus desfontainei Antoine, 1999 in Cameroon and provides new data on the biology of this high-altitude Afromontane genus. It also presents the first diagnosis of this genus based on larval characters and examination of its systematic position in a phylogenetic context using 78 parsimony informative larval and adult characters. Based on the results of our analysis we (1) support the hypothesis that the tribe Trichiini is paraphyletic with respect to both Valgini and the rest of the Cetoniinae, and (2) propose that the Trichiini subtribe Cryptodontina, represented by Coelocorynus, is a sister group of the Valgini: Valgina, represented by Valgus. The larvae-only analyses were about twofold better than the adults-only analyses in providing a phylogenetic resolution consistent with the larvae + adults analyses. Only one of the ten clades was consistently supported by the analyses of both the larval and adult datasets, while the remaining nine were invariably strongly supported by one but not the other analysis, thus highlighting the importance of employing different data sources.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1624. Afromuelleria, a new genus of Trachyphloeini from Limpopo, with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
- Creator:
- Borovec, Roman and Skuhrovec
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Trachyphloeini, Afromuelleria, taxonomy, new genus, new species, Afrotropical region, and South Africa
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new genus, Afromuelleria gen. n., assigned to the tribe Trachyphloeini Lacordaire, 1863, is described for four South African species of weevils: A. awelani sp. n., A. baobab sp. n., A. limpopo sp. n. and A. venda sp. n. All species are illustrated and keyed. Taxonomic status of the new genus is discussed and compared with similar genera of Trachyphloeini and Embrithini Marshall, 1942.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1625. Against the central-marginal model: three cases in chromosomally polymorphic grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
- Creator:
- Colombo, Pablo C.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Orthoptera, Acrididae, central-marginal model, chromosomal polymorphisms, grasshoppers, recombination, environmental gradient, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The central-marginal model is widely accepted in chromosomally polymorphic species of Drosophila. In fact, geographically and ecologically central populations of Drosophila show higher levels of polymorphism for paracentric inversions, whereas marginal populations tend to be monomorphic. This fact has been variously explained. Chromosomal polymorphisms in grasshoppers have also been attributed to show such geographical structuring, as in the case of the South-American grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae). However, in three other cases involving Acrididae – Leptysma argentina Bruner, Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Burmeister) and Cornops aquaticum (Bruner), it is clear that chromosomal polymorphisms (sometimes with a wide extension over the Argentine area) do not conform to this pattern, and show instead clear correlations with environmental variables, especially minimum temperature, showing low or null frequencies of the rearrangements at one extreme of the environmental gradient and with high or fixed frequencies at the other. Furthermore, this correlation with temperature might also be true in the case of D. pratensis. These aforementioned examples emphasise the dangers of over-generalization when discussing chromosomal polymorphisms, and suggests that such polymorphisms should be considered very much in a case-specific manner in terms of the particular genetic system under study., Pablo C. Colombo., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1626. Age and growth of non-native monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis (Teleostei, Gobiidae) in the River Ipel', Slovakia
- Creator:
- Plachá, Mária, Balážová, Mária, Kováč, Vladimír, and Katina, Stanislav
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ponto-Caspian, invasive, length-weight relationship, and reverse Lee's phenomenon
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Amongst the non-native Ponto-Caspian gobies that have invaded the Middle Danube is the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814). Despite a strong specialization towards sandy substratum, revealed in a previous study, monkey goby is considered an invasive species and therefore should demonstrate great plasticity in its biological traits. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the age and growth of a non-native population of monkey goby from the River Ipeľ in Slovakia. Six age groups (0 – V) were observed in the sample from the River Ipeľ (n = 165), with males demonstrating faster growth than females, which was reflected both in the smoothing cubic B-spline model and in the annual increment. The cubic B-spline model indicated a reverse Lee’s phenomenon, especially in males, which is likely to have arisen from the size selective mortality. Growth of invading monkey goby from the River Ipeľ was slower than that reported for the species’ native range. Together with other growth patterns, this may suggest (among other possible explanations) a greater allocation of resources to reproduction than to somatic growth, which is a life-history pattern typical for newly established populations of successful invaders.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
1627. Age and growth of Sabanejewia balcanica in the Rijeka River, central Croatia
- Creator:
- Zanella, Davor, Mrakovčić, Milorad, Mustafić, Perica, Ćaleta, Marko, Buf, Ivana, Marčić, Zoran, Zrnčić, Snježana, and Razlog-Grlica, Jasna
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Balcan spiny loach, length-weight relationship, orolith, and von Bertalanffy growth function
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Growth patterns of the golden loach, Sabanejewia balcanica were examined in the Rijeka River in Central Croatia on a total of 77 specimens collected in a single sampling session in June 2006. No significant difference was found in total body length between males and females. Age was determined from otoliths. Both males and females live 4 years, though due to the sampling period, no 0+ age fish were found in this study. The length-weight relationship was calculated as W=2x10-6TL3.3229 for males and W=3x10-6TL3.2811 for females, indicating positively allometric growth. According to the growth factor k, growth of males was three times faster than that of females.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
1628. Age and growth of the karyologically identified spined loach Cobitis taenia (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from a diploid population
- Creator:
- Boroń, Alicja, Jeleń, Iwona, Juchno, Dorota, Przybylski, Mirosław, and Borzuchowska, Elzbieta
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- otolith, Pisces, von Bertalanffy function, and weight-length relationship
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A total of 174 specimens of the spined loach Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758, comprising 117 females, 45 males and 12 juveniles, from Lake Klawoj (Poland) were identified as C. taenia from their karyotype (2n = 48 chromosomes). The overall sex ratio (M:F = 1:2.6) showed that females dominated in the population, but this varied with increasing fish size. Age and growth were determined based on otolith measurements. Standard lengths were back- calculated from the regression of fish standard length on the otolith radius and the growth pattern was described using the von Bertalanffy model separately for males and females, which revealed a strong fit for both females (Lt =92.4(1– exp(–0.278 (t – 0.456)); r2 = 0.803) and males (Lt=120.6(1 – exp(– 0.227 (t – 0.558); r2= 0.772). Comparison of asymptotic length with maximum observed size of males and females revealed that all values were a bit overestimated (as per the Taylor criteria). The SL – weight equations for males (W = 0.0003 SL3.8377; r2 = 0.8961) and females (W = 0.0039 SL3.1683; r2 = 0.9616) indicated allometric growth in both sexes, though more so in males than in females.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
1629. Age and heat exposure-dependent changes in antioxidant enzymes activities in Rat's liver and brain mitochondria: role of α-tocopherol
- Creator:
- Stojkovski, V., Hadzi-Petrushev, N., Ilieski, V., Sopi, R., Gjorgoski, I., Mitrov, D., Jankulovski, N., and Mladenov, M.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mitochondrie, játra, mozek, stárnutí, mitochondrias, liver, brain, aging, antioxidant enzymes, heat exposure, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- V. Stojkovski ... [et al.]. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1630. Age dependence of the utilization of different quality proteins in animal experiments
- Creator:
- Krajčovičová-Kudláčková, M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- optimal diet, fast-growing rats, adolescence, adulthood, net protein utilization, milk casein, wheat gluten, protein quality, and gluconeogenesis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Male rats aged 45, 85, 145 and 270 days (daily body mass increments on ar, optimal diet containing casein were 6.73, 2.88, 0.53 and 0.31 g respectively) were fed 15 days ad libitum on a diet with a nutrient content physiological for their age, in which the protein source was milk casein (ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids E/N = 0.79, compensation coefficient K = 14) or wheat gluten (E/N = 0.30, K= -8). In the case of gluten, net protein utilization (NPU) fell markedly in rapidly growing animals aged 45 and 85 days (33 and 30 % more than with casein), indicating that without essential amino acid compensation, gluten is inadequate for animals of this age, whose organism requires fully ensured proteosynthesis for growth and development. In adolescence and adulthood (145 and 270 days), the utilization of proteins is not dependent on their quality (the decrease in NPU 13 and 12 % - is nonsignificant). That means that a smaller amount of essential amino acids, including the limiting amino acid in uncompensated protein, is sufficient for the maintenance and renewal of organs and tissues, i.e. for proteosynthesis. The activation of gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxvkinase activity in the liver) after the intake of plant protein confirms the effect of proteins on catabolic processes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public