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22. Acoustic signals of the bush-crickets Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and adjacent territories
- Creator:
- Zhantiev, Roustem, Korsunovskaya, Olga, and Benediktov, Alexander
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, rovnokřídlí, Phaneropterinae, zvukové signály, Orthoptera, acoustic signals, Barbitistinae, Isophya, stridulatory files, behaviour, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Temporal patterns and frequency spectra of the songs and stridulatory files of 14 species of the genus of the phaneropterid bush-crickets Isophya from Eastern Europe, Altai and the Caucasus are given. The sound signals of the species studied can be separated into three main types: (1) those consisting of two syllables (Isophya gracilis, I. kalishevskii, I. schneideri, I. caspica, Isophya sp. 1); (2) one syllable and series of clicks (I. modesta rossica, I. stepposa, I. taurica, I. brunneri, I. doneciana, I. altaica); (3) single repeating syllables of uniform shape and duration (I. pienensis, Isophya sp. 2 and possibly I. stysi). The acoustic signals and behaviour of eastern European, Altai and Caucasian species are compared to those of several other European species of Isophya., Roustem Zhantiev, Olga Korsunovskaya, Alexander Benediktov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
23. Actigenetic of ACE gene polymorphism in Czech obese sedentary females
- Creator:
- Pavel Suchánek, Jaroslav Hubáček, Ivana K. Lesná, Pinekerová, V., and Věra Adámková
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, angiotenzin konvertující enzym, biochemistry, angiotensin converting enzyme, fyzická aktivita, index tělesné hmotnosti, inzerce/delece polymorfismu, physical activity, body mass index, insertion/deletion polymorphism, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and many genes have been implicated in determination of obesity, but our knowledge of the genes responsible for individual differences in weight loss after physical intervention are poor. One of the candidate genes is a gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ant its insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism. We have analyzed the association between the ACE gene variant in intervened obese females. Twenty four unrelated healthy obese (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2, with abdominal type of obesity) premenopausal (age between 25 and 45 years) Czech Caucasian sedentary and non-diabetic females, pre-selected according the ACE I/D polymorphism (twelve II and twelve DD homozygotes) were studied in a medical research centre. They underwent 9 weeks intervention program (combination of the lowering of dietary intake to optimal level for the age and 3 times a week physical activity at fitness centre). The participants were supervised to sustain a heart rate of 65 % of maximum. Anthropometrical, biochemical parameters and body composition (Bodystat 1500) were analyzed before and after the intervention. Our study suggest, that in Czech Caucasian females I/D polymorphism within the ACE gene will have no major effect on weight loss. Interestingly, we have detected, that in obese females II genotype was associated with higher increase in basal metabolic rate (202 kcal per day) then in DD homozygotes (p<0.05), thus at least under some circumstances, this genetic variant may have an slight effect on BMI development., P. Suchánek ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24. Acute but not chronic tempol treatment increases ischemic and reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in open-chest rats
- Creator:
- Jan Neckář, Bohuslav Ošťádal, and František Kolář
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, ischemie, srdeční arytmie, myocardial infarction, physiology, ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia, ischemia/reperfusion, oxygen radicals, tempol, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effect of the chronic and acute antioxidant tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. The first experimental group was given tempol (1 mM) in drinking water for three weeks, the second group received tempol (100 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before test ischemia, and control rats received the same volume of solvent. Anesthetized open-chest animals (pentobarbitone 60 mg/kg, i.p.) were subjected to 20-min coronary artery occlusion and 3-h reperfusion for infarct size determination. Ventricular arrhythmias were monitored during ischemia and at the beginning (5 min) of reperfusion. Acute tempol administration shifted the time profile of ischemic arrhythmias to the later phase and significantly increased the number of ischemic and reperfusion premature ventricular complexes, respectively (504±127 and 84±21) as compared with the chronically treated group (218±36 and 47±7) or controls (197±26 and 31±7). Acute tempol-treated rats exhibited a tendency to decrease infarct size (P = 0.087). The mechanism of proarrhythmic tempol action during ischemia and reperfusion remains to be elucidated., J. Neckář, B. Ošťádal, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
25. Adaptive significance of the prolonged diapause in the western Mediterranean lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
- Creator:
- Obregón, Rafael, Haeger, Juan Fernández, and Jordano, Diego
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, konkurence, motýli, competition, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Tomares ballus, prolonged diapause, evolutive adaptation, changing environment, parasitoids, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Diapause is a common dormancy strategy exhibited by many species of invertebrates and insects to temporarily avoid seasonally recurring unfavourable conditions for their development, most usually in winter. Less frequently, a prolonged diapause lasting two or more years is described in species living in unpredictable environments where it is adaptive, but with significant costs. In this paper we examine the occurrence of prolonged diapause in the lycaenid butterfly Tomares ballus. Pupae of this species undergo an obligate diapause from mid-May to late January the following year. However, during our rearing experiments (from 2009 to 2016) the emergence of adults occurred sequentially and a fraction of the pupae remained in diapause for up to seven years. The annual percentage emergence after the first year of diapause was 45.6%, and only barely exceeded 50.0% in 2015. Remarkably, 12 pupae (11.4% of the initial brood) remained in diapause in their eighth year. The negative exponential equation fitted to the emergence data suggests that further emergences may occur within the next five years. Therefore, the potential for successful prolonged diapause of T. ballus pupae may be more than 10 years. The adaptive value of this strategy is discussed in relation to the effects of adverse and unpredictable weather during the flight period of the butterfly, intra-guild competition, parasitoids and changes in habitat quality. We suggest that this strategy may also be exhibited by other species of Mediterranean lycaenids., Rafael Obregón, Juan Fernández Haeger, Diego Jordano., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
26. Adaptivní fylogeografie: od molekulárních markerů k funkčním genům
- Creator:
- Kotlík, Petr, Marková, Silvia, Filipi, Karolína, Strážnická, Michaela, and Searle, Jeremy B.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, fylogeografie, adaptace živočichů, savci, genetika živočichů, animal adaptation, biology, phylogeography, mammals, animal genetics, Velká Británie, Great Britain, adaptivní fylogeografie, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dlouhou dobu se předpokládalo, že populace obývající určitá území Evropy také tato území na konci doby ledové kolonizovaly jako první. Nové výzkumy však ukázaly, že v některých případech byla první příchozí populace později nahrazena jinou, pocházející z jiného glaciálního refugia. Náš článek ukazuje, že k takovému nahrazení jedné populace druhou došlo při kolonizaci Velké Británie norníkem rudým (Clethrionomys glareolus) a že při tom hrály roli fyziologické adaptace způsobené mutací v hemoglobinu., It has long been assumed that the populations that first colonized particular empty territory after the last ice age have remained there until the present day. However, recent findings in small mammals suggest that replacements involving a population from one glacial refugium at the cost of a population from another refugium may have been a not infrequent event. The article demonstrates that such population replacement took place during post-glacial colonization of Great Britain by the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and that physiological differences conferred by haemoglobin have probably played a role in this process., and Petr Kotlík, Silvia Marková, Karolína Filipi, Michaela Strážnická, Jeremy B. Searle.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
27. Adiponectin as a potential marker of prostate cancer progression: studies in organ-confined and locally advanced prostate cancer
- Creator:
- Daniel Housa, Zdenka Vernerová, Jiří Heráček, Bohumír Procházka, Petr Čechák, Jitka Kuncová, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, lékařská biochemie, rakovina prostaty, imunohistochemie, medical biochemistry, prostate cancer, immunohistochemistry, adiponektin, adiponectin, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Serum levels of adiponectin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pT2 and pT3 stage. Adiponectin ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, and selected metabolic and biochemical parameters measurement was performed in 25 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 43 with prostate cancer (17 patients with organ-confined and 26 patients with locally advanced disease). Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and cancer clinical stage T2, but was significantly higher in pT3 relative to pT2 group (14.51± 4.92 vs. 21.41±8. 12, P = 0.003). Tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining in neoplastic prostate glands and intraepithelial neoplasia relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia without distinction between disease grade and stage. Serum adiponectin levels are higher in locally advanced relative to organ-confined prostate cancer and may thus serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages., D. Housa, Z. Vernerová, J. Heráček, B. Procházka, P. Čechák, J. Kuncová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Adopce mláďat káně lesní v hnízdech orla mořského
- Creator:
- Ivan Literák and Mráz, Jakub
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, káně lesní, orel mořský, adopce, common buzzard, biology, white-tailed sea eagle, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, hnízdní adopce, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Ve střední Evropě (Česko, Maďarsko a Polsko) jsme zaznamenali 9 případů zajímavé adopce mláďat káně lesní (Buteo buteo) v hnízdech orlů mořských (Haliaeetus albicilla). Adoptovaná mláďata byla v dobré kondici, dospělí orli mořští se o ně starali a mláďata byla nakonec úspěšně vyvedena., Nine interesting cases of young Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo) adopted in nests of White-tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary) are reviewed. The B. buteo nestlings adopted were in good condition, the adult H. albicilla fed and cared for them properly, and the young birds successfully fledged., and Ivan Literák, Jakub Mráz.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29. Agresivní chování kojotů vůči člověku v přírodě Kostariky
- Creator:
- Ivan Literák
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, savci, psovití, národní parky, mammals, Canidae, national parks, Kostarika, Costa Rica, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek podrobně popisuje autorovo neobvyklé setkání s kojoty (Canis latrans) v roce 2010 v kostarickém národním parku Braulio Carillio v části Sector Volcán Barva. Pořízené dokumentační fotografie umožnily analyzovat agresivní chování kojotů vůči člověku a jeho etologickou interpretaci na základě znalostí etologie psovitých šelem., In August 2010, the author visited Braulio Carrillo National Park in Costa Rica and approached three coyotes (Canis latrans). The article describes their attack, probably due to maternal aggression combined with fear-induced and territorial aggressions., and Ivan Literák.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30. Agrolesnictví a plantáže kávovníku
- Creator:
- Ehrenbergerová, Lenka
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, botanika, fyziologie rostlin, pěstitelství, životní prostředí, ekologie, botany, plant physiology, horticultural education, environment, ecology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Agrolesnické systémy v tropických oblastech nabízejí možnost, jak zajistit trvale udržitelnou produkci na obdělávaných pozemcích, a často představují jediný zalesněný ekosystém v okolní odlesněné krajině. Tento článek se věnuje problematice agrolesnictví v tropech se zaměřením na kávové plantáže pěstované v Peru., Agroforestry systems present a way to keep sustainable production in cultivated areas, especially in the tropical zone. At the same time it is often the only forested ecosystem in otherwise deforested landscape. This article is about agroforestry in tropical areas, with the focus on coffee (Coffea) plantations in Peru., and Lenka Ehrenbergerová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public