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18493. Nipples in the edible dormouse Glis glis

Creator:
Kryštufek, Boris
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
Gliridae, nipple counts, and litter size
Language:
English
Description:
Number of nipples varied between ten and twelve in a sample of 51 female edible dormice Glis glis from Slovenia. Ten nipples were by far the most common condition (82 % of specimens) and only two females had twelve. Animals with eleven nipples were asymmetric in the anterior inguinal pair. Three females from Monte Gargano (Italy) had 10, 11 and 11 nipples, but the asymmetric pair was the posterior abdominal one. Since the prevailing condition among dormice (family Gliridae) is eight nipples, it is suggested that high nipple count in the edible dormouse is an ecological adaptation to a multi-annual variation in resources. Due to irregularities in mast-production years, females do not reproduce annually, which possess demands for larger litters. Either the anterior inguinal (Slovenia) or posterior abdominal pair (Italy) is involved in a switch from ten to twelve nipple condition, with the difference possibly showing a geographic pattern.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

18494. Nitrate wash off from the Bratislava Forest Park basin Vydrica in years 1986 - 2005

Creator:
Sebíň, Michal, Pekárová, Pavla, and Miklánek, Pavol
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Vydrica, experimental catchment, nitrate wash of, modelové povodia, and odnos dusičnanov
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In the model catchment Vydrica brook in Small Carpathians (mostly beech forest), concentrations of the selected chemical substances were monitored for evaluation of the land use impact upon the brook water quality. Concentrations of these substances were monitored within the years 1991-1993. In order to evaluate also a development of the long-term trend of the observed data, we are continuing in their monitoring since 2004. In this paper there are evaluated nitrate concentrations from two localities: in the upper Vydrica part (Spariská), and on the Bratislava city area limit (Červený Most), in the Vydrica lower part. The mean nitrate concentration in 1991-1993 at Spariská was 14.54 mg l-1, at Červený Most locality 10.84 mg l-1, in the years 2004-2005 the mean concentration at Spariská it was 11.85 mg l-1, and 9.36 mg l-1 at Červený Most. From the observed data it follows that in the 2004-2005 years the nitrate concentration dropped in comparison with the 1991-1993 period. As there was a significant relationship documented between the nitrate concentration and discharge, the empirical relationships were developed for estimating of daily nitrate concentration values based on the mean daily discharges, for the 1987-2005 period. From these, then the mean monthly and yearly nitrate wash offs were calculated from the unit area. So for the Spariská subcatchment the mean yearly nitrate wash off range was 15.42 to 102.37 kg ha year-1, for the profile Červený Most it was 9.01 to 70.53 kg ha year-1. and V modelovom povodí potoka Vydrica v Malých Karpatoch (prevažne bukový les) boli sledované koncentrácie vybraných chemických látok v povrchovom toku za účelom hodnotenia vplyvu využitia krajiny na kvalitu vody v toku. Koncentrácie týchto látok sme sledovali v rokoch 1991-1993. Aby sme zhodnotili dlhodobý trend vývoja nameraných údajov, od roku 2004 v monitoringu pokračujeme. V tomto príspevku sú zhodnotené koncentrácie dusičnanov na dvoch lokalitách: v hornej časti Vydrice (Spariská) a na hranici s hlavným mestom Bratislava (Červený Most) v dolnej časti povodia. Priemerná koncentrácia dusičnanov v rokoch 1991-1993 bola na lokalite Spariská 14,54 mg l-1, na lokalite Červený Most 10,84 mg l -1, v rokoch 2004-2005 bola priemerná koncentrácia na lokalite Spariská 11,85 mg l-1 a na Červenom Moste 9,36 mg l-1. Z nameraných hodnôt vyplýva, že v porovnaní s obdobím rokov 1991-1993 v rokoch 2004-2005 došlo k poklesu koncentrácií dusičnanov. Keďže sa preukázala významná závislosť medzi koncentráciami dusičnanov a prietokmi, odvodili sme empirické vzťahy na nepriamy odhad denných hodnôt koncentrácií dusičnanov na základe meraných priemerných denných prietokov za obdobie rokov 1987-2005. Z vypočítaných denných koncentrácií dusičnanov boli vypočítané priemerné mesačné a ročné odnosy dusičnanov z jednotky plochy. V podpovodí Spariská sa ročné odnosy dusičnanov pohybovali od 15,42 kg ha-1 rok-1 do 102,37 kg ha-1 rok-1, v profile Červený Most od 9,01 kg ha-1 rok-1 do 70,53 kg ha-1 rok-1.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18495. Nitric oxide and prostaglandins - important players in endothelin-1 induced myocardial distensibility

Creator:
Brás-Silva, C., Monteiro-Sousa, D., Duarte, A. J., Guerra, M., Fontes-Sousa, A. P., Moura, C., Areias, J. C., and Leite-Moreira. A. F.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, endotel, srdeční selhání, physiology, endothelium, heart failure, endothelin, diastolic properties, myocardial distensibility, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
This study investigated whether endothelin (ET)-1-induced increase in myocardial distensibility is preserved in heart failure (HF) and whether it is modulated by nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins. New Zealand white rabbits were treated with doxorubicin (1 mg/kg, intravenously twice a week for 8 weeks, DOX-HF group) or saline (control group). Effects of ET-1 (0.1, 1, 10 nM) were tested in papillary muscles from the DOX-HF group and a control group in the presence of: i) intact endocardial endothelium (EE); ii) damaged EE; iii) NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; NO synthase inhibitor), and iv) indomethacin (INDO; cyclooxygenase inhibitor). In the presence of an intact EE, ET-1 promoted concentration-dependent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects that were maintained after damaging the EE, in the presence of L-NNA or INDO and in the DOX-HF Group. ET-1 reduced resting tension at the end of the isometric twitch (increased diastolic distensibility) by 3.2±1.3 %, 6.0±1.6 % and 8.8±2.7 % (at 0.1, 1 and 10 nM, respectively), in muscles with intact EE, effect that was completely abolished after damaging EE, in the presence of L-NNA or INDO or in the DOX-HF Group. This study demonstrated that the increase in myocardial distensibility induced by ET-1 is absent in HF and is dependent of NO and prostaglandin release., C. Brás-Silva, D. Monteiro-Sousa, A. J. Duarte, M. Guerra, A. P. Fontes-Sousa, C. Moura, J. C. Areias, A. F. Leite-Moreira., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18496. Nitric oxide and salt resistance in Dahl rats: no role of inducible NO synthase

Creator:
Zicha, Josef, Řezáčová, Lenka, and Vaněčková, Ivana
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
high salt intake, Dahl salt-resistant rats, blood pressure, NO synthase II, aminoguanidine, AMT, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, and nitric oxide
Language:
English
Description:
Inducible NO synthase (NOS II) was proposed to play an important role in salt resistance of Dahl salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats. Its chronic inhibition by specific inhibitors was accompanied by blood pressure (BP) elevation in animals subjected to high salt intake. The aim of our study was to evaluate 1) whether such inhibitors affect BP and/or its particular components (sympathetic tone and NO-dependent vasodilation) only under the conditions of high salt intake, and 2) whether similar BP effects are elicited after systemic or intracerebroventricular (icv) application of these inhibitors. Wistar rats fed Altromin diet (0.45 % NaCl) and SR/Jr rats fed either a low-salt (LS, 0.3 % NaCl) or a high-salt (HS, 4 % NaCl) diet were studied. Aminoguanidine (AMG) and 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (AMT) were used as NOS II inhibitors. BP and its responses to acute blockade of renin-angiotensin system (captopril), sympathetic nervous system (pentolinium) and NO synthase (L-NAME) were measured in conscious cannulated rats. There were no significant changes of BP or its components in either Wistar rats or SR/Jr rats subjected to chronic inhibition of NOS II by peroral aminoguanidine administration (50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks). This was true for SR/Jr rats fed either LS or HS diets. Furthermore, we have studied BP effects of chronic icv administration of both NOS II inhibitors in SR/Jr rats fed HS diet, but we failed to find any BP changes elicited by such treatment. In conclusion, inducible NO synthase does not participate in the resistance of SR/Jr rats to hypertensive effects of excess salt intake.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18498. Nitric oxide in the periendothelial area of femoral vein of the dog assessed in vivo by a porphyrinic sensor

Creator:
Gerová, M., Mesároš, Š., Kittová, M., Hatrik, Š., Kristek, F., and Malinski, T.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
nitric oxide, venous endothelium, and electrochemical biosensor
Language:
English
Description:
Nitric oxide concentration in the periendothelial area of the femoral vein in anaesthetized dogs was measured directly with a catheter- protected porphyrinic sensor. A 2- to 4-fold increase occurred in the basal NO concentration of 90±12 nM after acetylcholine injection (1-1.5 ,wg/kg). A linear correlation was found between femoral artery blood flow and NO concentration in the periendothelial area of the femoral vein. Noradrenaline decreased NO levels below the detection limit of the porphyrinic sensor (10 nM).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18499. Nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary hypertension: lessons from knockout mice

Creator:
Fagan, K. A., McMurtry, I., and Rodman, D. M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, plicní hypertenze, nitric oxide, pulmonary hypertension, knockout mice, pulmonary vasoreactivity, vascular remodeling, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in a wide variety of biological roles. NO is generated from three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial (eNOS) all of which are found in the lung. While there are no isoform-specific inhibitors of NOS, the recent development and characterization of mice deficient in each of the NOS isoforms has allowed for more comprehensive study of the importance of NO in the lung circulation. Studies in the mouse have identified the role of NO from eNOS in modulating pulmonary vascular tone and in attenuating the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension., K. A. Fagan, I. McMurtry, D. M. Rodman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

18500. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition and Glutamate Binding in Quinolinate-Lesioned Rat Hippocampus

Creator:
Václav Lisý and František Šťastný
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Quinolinic acid, NMDA receptor, Membrane binding, Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Neurodegeneration, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
a1_The effect of lesions induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of quinolinate (250 nmol of QUIN/ventricle), a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, on [3H]glutamate ([3H]Glu) binding to the main types of both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR and mGluR) was investigated in synaptic membrane preparations from the hippocampi of 50-day-old rats. The membranes from QUIN injured brains revealed significantly lowered binding in iGluR (by 31 %) as well as in mGluR (by 22 %) as compared to the controls. Using selected glutamate receptor agonists as displacers of [3H]Glu binding we found that both the NMDA-subtype of iGluR and group I of mGluR are involved in this decrease of binding. Suppression of nitric oxide (NO) production by NG-nitro-L-arginine (50 nmol of NARG/ventricle) or the increase of NO generation by 3-morpholinylsydnoneimine (5 nmol of SIN-1/ventricle) failed to alter [3H]Glu or [3H]CPP (3-((D)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-[1,2-3H]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid; NMDA-antagonist) binding declines caused by QUIN-lesions. Thus, our findings indicate that both the NMDA-subtype of iGluR and group I of mGluR are susceptible to the QUIN-induced neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus. However, the inhibition of NO synthesis did not reveal any protective action in the QUIN-evoked, NMDA-receptor mediated decrease of [3H]Glu binding., a2_Therefore, the additional mechanisms of QUIN action, different from direct NMDA receptor activation/NO production (e.g. lipid peroxidation induced by QUIN-Fe-complexes) cannot be excluded., V. Lisý, F. Šťastný., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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