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123. Late effect of early hypoxic disturbance in the rat heart: gender differences

Creator:
Ivan Netuka, Ondrej Szárszoi, Jan Malý, Hynek Říha, Turek, D., Ivana Ošťádalová, and Bohuslav Ošťádal
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, gender, ischemie, ischemia, perinatal hypoxia, isolated rat heart, reperfusion injury, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Perinatal hypoxemia may have serious long-term effects on the adult cardiovascular system and may lead to sex-dependent changes in cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult life. The aim of the study was to answer the question whether gonadectomy of the male and female rats in the early phase of ontogenetic development affects the late effect of perinatal hypoxia. Pregnant Wistar rats were placed into a normobaric hypoxic chamber (12 % O2) 7 days before the expected date of delivery. Newborn pups were kept in the chamber with their mothers for another 5 days after birth. After hypoxic exposure all animals were kept for 3 months in room air. Some of the pups were gonadectomized right after removal from the hypoxic chamber. Ventricular arrhythmias were assessed on isolated perfused hearts. Castration did not influence arrhythmogenesis in the adult normoxic or perinatally hypoxic female hearts. Nevertheless, the number of arrhythmias was decreased in perinatally hypoxic gonadectomized males. In conclusion, we have shown that perinatal normobaric hypoxia increased cardiac tolerance to acute ischemia in adult male rats; however, it had no late effect in females. Gonadectomy did not affect arrhythmogenesis in both normoxic and hypoxic female hearts, whereas in males significantly decreased the number of arrhythmias., I. Netuka ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

124. Lévi-Strauss a směna

Creator:
Daniel Sosna and Kotalová, Jitka
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
filozofie, philosophy, evolution, gender, history, kinship, structuralism, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
This review article focuses on two aspects of Lévi-Strauss’ ex change theory: temporal dimension and gender. First, we examine its diachronic dimension to argue that Lévi-Strauss’ exchange theory is far from being static. Its primary interest is evolutionary, regardless of how much Lévi-Strauss distances himself from evolutionism of the 19th century as a paradigm. His analyses of kinship that attempt to identify elementary structures are meant to shed light on the origins of human culture. Although Lévi-Strauss uses different methodology than other scholars interested in socio-cultural evolution, his treatment of the term homology, discussions of primatology and origins of culture suggest his deep interest in long-term process. Second, we examine the critiques of Lévi-Strauss’ analytical treatment of women as passive objects of exchange among men. Through the discussion of feminine agency, personhood, sexuality, and other forms of exchange of human beings, we argue that Lévi-Strauss’ exchange of women has to be understood in its historical context. He grants only limited agency to women but his approach is definitely not based on commodification of women. In contrast, the relational nature of persons as signs refutes such logic. We conclude that Lévi-Strauss is still a source of inspiration for anthropology regardless of the decades of post-structuralist criticism. and Daniel Sosna, Jitka Kotalová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

125. Literární prostory otcovství

Creator:
Marcin Łukasz Filipowicz
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Globální společnosti. Sociální struktura. Sociální skupiny, gender, fatherhood, literary space, contemporary Czech and Polish literature, 18, and 316.3
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article seeks to contribute to the discussion about literary images of fatherhood in contemporary Czech and Polish prose. It focuses on analysing the specific literary spaces that have emerged alongside a new type of literary character, namely, ‘new fathers’, who give up their professional activities to stay home and look after babies. A comparative analysis of two novels - Petr Šabach’s Putování mořského koně (The Pilgrimage of a Sea Horse) and Marek Kochan’s Plac zabaw (The Playground) - presents the similarities in the structures of their literary space and in the way masculinity is contextualised in the space of the playground and the home. The article sets the analysis against the backdrop of social changes affecting parenting and fatherhood in Poland and the Czech Republic in recent decades., Marcin Filipowicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

126. Mají muži a ženy v ČR odlišné postoje k práci?

Creator:
Vohlídalová, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender and work
Language:
Czech
Description:
As we can support with objective evidence, the position of men and women on the Czech labour market is not equal: (i) There is an obvious gender pay gap. (ii) Women are overrepresented in lower-paid professions with lower social prestige. Many authors (e.g. Čermáková, Crompton, Bradley) concerned with explanation of the reasons of the gender inequalities on the labour market emphasize the role of structural barriers and gender stereotypes. In this paper I am trying to answer the question whether it is either the existence of structural barriers or different attitudes of men and women towards work that is the cause of the obvious gender inequality on the Czech labour market. The analysis revealed that the differences in attitudes of men and women towards work are marginal and that many gender stereotypes according to which women are less ambitious employees than men are untenable. The structural barriers and gender stereotypes are thus possible to be considered as the principal causes of the gender inequalities on the Czech labour market. The findings are based on a quantitative analysis of data collected in a study of 5 510 respondents in 2005 in the Czech Republic.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

128. Mateřství, rodina a práce z pohledu matek malých dětí

Creator:
Hana Maříková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mateřství, rodina, trh práce, rodičovská dovolená, gender, motherhood, family, labor market, parental leave, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
A structural look at the employment of women with young children shows that this group is marginalized in the labour market when it is unable or only with difficulty is able to find employment in the labour market, as the current labour market revolves around the principle of independent, fully flexible individuals unencumbered by any obligations outside work. What significance in their lives do these women ascribe to being mothers and what significance do they assign to work? How does the perception of the relationship between work and family influence how they define for themselves the combination of these two spheres of life? How does this group of women see their opportunities for finding work in the labour market? Answers to these questions were sought from an analysis of 29 semi-structured interviews carried out in 2006 with women on parental leave or women just returning to work from leave, who had taken a requalification course. Their view is the view from “below”, which is a legitimate one, but given that it mainly relates to their own experiences or the experiences of others in their social surroundings there may be limitations to it. The potential limitations in this view are pointed out in the article’s conclusion., Hana Maříková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

129. Mezigenerační solidarita a gender (pečující dcery a pečující synové)

Creator:
Přidalová, Marie
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, caring, and generation
Language:
Czech
Description:
This review study deals with a phenomenon of adult children's caregiving for their aging parents and focuses on gender themes in this field. Findings of empirical and theoretical studies mostly of British and American authors are introduced. Based on both foreign and Czech literature sources the author provides a general view of the filial responsibility attitudes and the actual behavior. Starting from the fact that women (daughters in particular) form the majority of all caregivers, she presents some of the explanations for this state (socialization theory, theory of men's and women's different position in labor market, same-gender preferences theory) and at the same time arguments which do not fully support them. The attention is paid to the ways how men perceive filial obligation, in what circumstances and how they participate in the care of a parent. Caregiving is mainly viewed more as a natural feature than a learnt or gained ability which is supposed to make women more appropriate candidates to undertake it. The author discusses the future of intergenerational solidarity in general and the possible course of changes.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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