Melatonin is a hormone with strong antioxidant properties. In this experiment, Freund's complete adjuvant was used as a stressogenic substance given to laboratory outbred mice, whereas melatonin was investigated as a protectant against the stressogenic effect. Levels of low molecular weight antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and tumor necrosis factor α and activity of glutathione reductase were determined in blood from the animals. Surprisingly, melatonin was not involved in direct regulation of antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and tumor necrosis factor α. On the other hand, melatonin regulated glutathione reductase activity. We can conclude on regulation of metabolism caused by melatonin in the model. The effect was more important than the expected regulation of immunity and basal oxidative homeostasis. and M. Pohanka, B. Ruttkay-Nedecký, J. Fusek, V. Adam, R. Kizek
This is an experimental study of lung morphology in modeling sepsis on a background of severe purulentinflammatory disease of soft tissues (necrotizing fasciitis) by original authors' method. The study showed that early stages of sepsis (13 days) were characterized by manifestations of changes in lung tissue as vascular response, in the second period (the 7th day) by appearance and growth of nonobstructive microatelectases, whereas the third period (the 14th day) was characterized by progression of purulentnecrotic processes in soft tissues, development of surgical sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These changes in morphological structure of lung tissue are specific for generalized septic process and consequences of necrotizing fasciitis with its septic complication., Yorkin Azizov, Alisher Ohunov, and Literatura
Pohybová inaktivita je průkazně spojena s manifestací chronických, kvalitu a prognózu života člověka významně negativně modifikujících onemocnění. Benefity pohybové aktivity zprostředkovává jistě mnoho více či méně provázaných patofyziologických mechanizmů, které dosud nebyly ve své složitosti zcela prozkoumány. Koncem 20. století se podařilo prokázat, že pracující příčně pruhovaný sval skutečně reguluje metabolickou a fyziologickou odezvu v ostatních orgánech. Jedná o několik stovek substancí, které mají autokrinní, parakrinní a endokrinní účinek. Tyto proteiny a peptidy, jsou-li vylučovány do krevního oběhu, ovlivňují významným způsobem metabolizmus vzdálených orgánů. Byly klasifikovány jako „myokiny“ (cytokiny produkované myocyty). Mezi identifikované myokiny lze zařadit např.: interleukiny – IL4, IL6, IL7, IL15, myostatin, LIF (leucemia inhibitory factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor), IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor), FGF2 (fibroblastový růstový faktor 2), FGF21, FSTL1 (folistatin-related protein 1), irisin, EPO (erytropoetin) a BAIBA (β-aminoisobutyric acid). Myokiny mají v lidském organizmu v prvé řadě imunoregulační roli. Další významnou úlohou myokinů je, shodou okolností rovněž v interakci s tukovou tkání, regulace energetické homeostázy. Ovlivňují také růst svalových vláken a jejich regeneraci, stimulují angiogenezi, uplatňují se v regulaci metabolizmu glukózy a mají prokázaný efekt na lipidy. S ohledem na svoji rozmanitou funkci představují myokiny do budoucna terapeutický cíl v léčbě poruch svalového růstu regenerace a také obezity. Další recentní výzkum směřuje k odhalení tzv. myokinové rezistence jako rezultátu dlouhodobé svalové inaktivity a její asociaci s chronickým subklinickým zánětem., Physical inactivity is demonstrably related to the manifestation of chronic diseases which significantly modify the quality and prognosis of life in a negative way. The benefits of exercise are surely mediated by many pathophysiological mechanisms interrelated in varying degrees, which have not yet been fully examined in their complexity. In the late 20th century it was positively proven that a working striated muscle really regulates the metabolic and physiological response in the other organs. These involve several hundred substances with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. These proteins and peptides, if released into the blood stream, substantially affect the metabolism of distant organs. They were classified as “myokines“ (cytokines produced by myocytes). The identified myokines include e.g. IL4, IL6, IL7, IL15, myostatin, LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor), FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), FGF21, FSTL1 (follistatin-related protein 1), irisin, EPO (erythropoetin) and BAIBA (β-aminoisobutyric acid). Myokines have first of all an immunoregulatory role in the human body. Another important effect of myokines is, coincidentally also in the interaction with adipose tissue, the regulation of energy homeostasis. They also affect the growth of muscle fibres and their regeneration, stimulate angiogenesis, they are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and have a proven effect on lipids. Considering their diverse function, myokines present a prospective therapeutic goal in the treatment of disorders of muscle growth and regeneration as well as obesity. Another recent research moves toward uncovering of the “myokine resistance” as a result of long-term muscle inactivity and its association with chronic subclinical inflammation., and Zuzana Stránská, Štěpán Svačina
BACKGROUND: The method of continual determination of the rat blood cholinesterase activity was developed to study the changes of the blood cholinesterases following different intervetions. AIMS: The aim of this study is registration of cholinesterase activity in the rat blood and its changes to demonstrate detoxification capacity of rats to inactivate sarin or VX in vivo. METHODS: The groups of female rats were premedicated (ketamine and xylazine) and cannulated to a. femoralis. Continual blood sampling (0.02 ml/min) and monitoring of the circulating blood cholinesterase activity were performed. Normal activity was monitored 1-2 min and then the nerve agent was administered i.m. (2×LD50). Using different time intervals of the leg compression and relaxation following the agent injection, cholinesterase activity was monitored and according to the inhibition obtained, detoxification capacity was assessed. RESULTS: Administration of sarin to the leg, then 1 and 5 min compression and 20 min later relaxation showed that further inhibition in the blood was not observed. On the other hand, VX was able to inhibit blood cholinesterases after this intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that sarin can be naturally detoxified on the contrary to VX. Described method can be used as model for other studies dealing with changes of cholinesterases in the blood following different factors. and J. Bajgar, J. Cabal, J. Kassa, M. Pavlík
The aim of this study project was to prepare our own method of porcine oesophageal manometry. Ten mature experimental pigs entered the study. Conventional water-perfused system was decided for manometry. Porcine resting and relaxed pressures of the lower oesophageal sphincter are fully comparable with healthy human subjects. Evocable swallowing is doable and oesophageal peristalsis is quantifiable. Basic manometric parameters were different in male and female animals. Oesophageal manometry in experimental pigs is feasible. Porcine oesophageal manometry will be usable for preclinical studies in future. and I. Tachecí, V. Radochová, J. Květina, S. Rejchrt, M. Kopáčová, J. Bureš
UNLABELLED: Aim of our study was to evaluate the importance of atopy patch testing with aeroallergens as a diagnostic method in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. METHOD: The complet dermatological and allergological examinations were performed in 29 patients; 10 men, 19 women with the average age of 27.8 years, min. 17, max. 57 years; with the median SCORAD 24.2 points, s.d. 13.3 points. Wormwood, grass, dog dander, cat dander, dermatophagoides pharinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and birch pollen were examined in diagnostic procedures. Skin prick tests, specific IgE were examined; the atopy patch tests were performed with aeroallergens for skin prick tests in concentration 1 x skin prick tests. RESULTS: Specific IgE and skin prick tests to one or more tested aeroallergens were positive altogether in 27 patients; atopy patch tests were positive only in one of these patients. CONCLUSION: For atopy patch testing with aeroallergens the concentration of 1 x skin prick tests is low to confirme the eczematic reaction in patients suffering from allergy to inhallant allergens. and J. Celakovská, K. Ettlerová, K. Ettler, J. Vanecková
Cíl studie: Sledovat vliv opakovaných krevních odběrů a diety obohacené o železo na kostní metabolismus u samců potkanů kmene Wistar. Typ studie: Základní výzkum. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Vivárium a radioizotopové laboratoře, LF UK Hradec Králové, Ústav klinické biochemie a diagnostiky, Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové. Materiál a metody: Potkani byli po dobu 8 týdnů krmeni standardní laboratorní dietou (SLD, 27 mg Fe/kg diety) nebo dietou obohacenou o železo (FE, 400 mg Fe/kg diety). Týdně byl proveden odběr (w) 0,5 ml krve/100 g tělesné hmotnosti, celkem 8krát. Skupiny: 1. kontrolní skupina SLD; 2. kontrolní skupina FE; 3. SLD-w; 4. FE-w. V krvi byl stanoven krevní obraz, respiratorní vzplanutí (RB), v séru koncentrace prohepcidinu a železa, v játrech koncentrace železa. Z kostních ukazatelů jsme stanovili: osteokalcin (OC), N-terminální propeptid prokolagenu typu I (PINP), C-terminální telopeptid kolagenu typu I (CTx) a tartát-rezistentní kyselou fosfatázu (TRACP). Byla změřena kostní minerální hustota (BMD). Výsledky: U skupin s krevními odběry bylo vyšší spontánní RB a železo v séru, naopak došlo k poklesu sérového prohepcidinu, hemoglobinu i železa v játrech ve srovnání s SLD a FE, u FE-w bylo také vyšší stimulované RB. Hodnoty PINP (p < 0,05), CTx (p < 0,05) a TRAP (p < 0,05) vzrostly u SLD-w ve 3. týdnu a u FE-w v 1. týdnu, hodnoty OC (p < 0,05) vzrostly pouze u FE-w v 1. týdnu, poté všechny hodnoty poklesly na hodnoty SLD a FE. BMD vzrostla po odběrech v bederní a ocasní oblasti (p < 0,01). Závěr: Opakované krevní odběry a dieta obohacená o železo vedly k vyšší reaktivitě buněk makrofágového systému, k vyšší aktivitě osteoklastů, ke stimulaci osteoblastů s následným pozitivním vlivem na kvalitu kostní tkáně. Klíčová slova: odběr krve, železo, osteokalcin, N-terminální propeptid prokolagenu typu I, C-terminální telopeptid kolagenu typu I., Objective: We studied the infl uence of repeated blood withdrawals and iron enriched diet on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in male Wistar rats. Design: Basic research. Settings: Radioisotope Laboratories and Vivarium, Charles University, Medical Faculty, Hradec Kralove, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove. Material and Methods: Rats were fed for 8 weeks with standard laboratory diet (SLD, 27mg Fe/kg diet) or iron enriched diet (FE, 400 mg Fe/kg diet) and had blood withdrawals (w) 0.5 ml/100 g body weight, 8 times. Animals were divided into 4 groups: 1. Control group SLD; 2. Control group FE; 3. SLD-w; 4. FE-w. The following items were assessed in blood; haemoglobin concentration and respiratory burst (RB), iron stores in liver tissue. In serum were evaluated prohepcidin, iron and bone metabolism markers: osteocalcin (OC), N-terminal propeptid of procollagen I (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTx) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Results: Spontaneous RB and iron in serum increased in animals with repeated blood withdrawals, but serum prohepcidin, haemoglobin concentration and iron in liver decreased vs. SLD and FE, but in FE-w animals increased stimulated RB, too. Values of PINP (p < 0.05), CTx (p < 0.05) and TRAP (p < 0.05) increased by SLD-w in 1st week and by FE-w in 3rd week, values of OC (p < 0.05) increased only by FE-w, but then all these values decreased to values of SLD and FE. BMD increased by blood withdrawals in femur (p < 0.01) and lumbar part (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Repeated blood withdrawals and iron enriched diet contributed to stimulation reactivity of scavenger cells, elevation activity of osteoclast, stimulation of osteoblast with subsequent positive effect on quality of bone tissue. Key words: blood withdrawal, iron, osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of procollagen I, C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I., Švejkovská K., Doubková K., Živná H., Živný P., Palička V., and Lit.: 19