Comparison of the dynamics and antigen recognition profiles of IgG3 following immunisation with larval crude extracts (LCE) and excretory-secretory (ES) products from muscle larvae of different species of Trichinella (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. nelsoni and genotype T6) was made in BALB/c mice. High levels of IgG3 response were obtained in ELISA following immunisation with LCE from all species with maximum levels achieved between days 59 and 64 post-immunisation (p.i.) and maintained up to the limit of the observation (day 164). Antigen recognition profiles as measured by western-blot showed dense and numerous bands in the range 45-64 kDa that were consistent from week 5lh with variation in epitope recognition among the different species. Following immunisation with ES antigens a significant decrease in IgG3 response was observed for all species especially for T. nativa in comparison to LCE. Antigen recognition on ĽS antigens showed three main bands in the range of 45-60 kDa for all species excepting T. nelsoni and T. britovi where an additional band was also present. These results clearly show that IgG3 epitopes are more abundanl in somatic (LCE) than in ES products of Trichinella muscle larvae and that quantitative as well as qualitative variations exist among different species.
Both the biochemical and functional modifications of photosynthetic apparatus were observed during whole plant ontogeny. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn)» contents of photosystem (PS) 2 reaction centres, cytochromes 6559, and/ rates of electron- transport, cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation increased up till generative organs formation: a gradual decline followed as a result of senescence. The drop in activity of the electron-transport chain during senescence lead to the decline in content of PS2 reaction centres and Pn
High resolution {OV5) two-dimensional spectra performed with the Multichannel Soustractive Double Pass (MSDP) spectrograph of the Pie du Midi Observatory, were analysed. An adapted image processing provides two-dimensional intensity and velocity maps of the solar granulation at two intensity levels of the photospheric line NaD2, filtered for the 5 min oscillations. An inspection of such
maps confirms that the bright granules at the continuum level are well correlated witli rising material as well as the dark intergranular spaces with falling material, and that the velocity fluctuations
penetrate much high into the photosphere than the intensity fluctuations. The one-dimensional power spectrum has a slope close to - 5/3, characteristic of a turbulent medium, in the size range
of the granulation. It is suggested that the convectivc energy is supplied by the mesogranulation and the supergranulation; this energy is then cascading toward the smaller scales through the granulation, which thus appears to be turbulent.
Based on the biological significance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and its potential role during sepsis, burns and ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that the systemic response to traumatic shock (TS) is accompanied by tissue-specific UPP alterations. Therefore, we studied tissue ubiquitin pools, chymotryptic- and tryptic-like proteasome peptidase activities and ubiquitin-protein ligation (UbPL) rates in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney using a clinically relevant porcine model (bilateral femur fracture/hemorrhage followed by fluid resuscitation). TS induced a systemic reduction of tissue- specific high molecular mass ubiquitin-protein conjugates (>50 kDa). Free ubiquitin was unaffected. The dynamic organ patterns of ubiquitin pools paralleled the typical physiological response to TS and resuscitation. Reduction of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was most pronounced in heart and lung (p<0.05 vs. control) and accompanied by significant increases in proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities in these organs. Unlike all other tissues, spleen proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities were significantly reduced 10 h after TS. These findings support the concept that the UPP could play an important role in regulation of cell functions during the early whole-body response to TS. The UPP might be a therapeutic target to improve the metabolic care after TS, particularly in the heart, lung, and spleen., M. B. Patel, S. A. Earle, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Stejně jako dnes není nauka schopna vymezit Evropskou unii jako entitu sui generis, tak i v době meziválečné nebyla jednoznačně zařaditelná koncepce Společnosti národů. Antonín Hobza varoval, že snaha o to, aby Společnost národů byla za každou cenu zařazena do některé z kategorií jako „spolek států“, nemá rozumný smysl, protože jde o spojení států, které nemá v historii obdobu.V souladu s jinými evropskými teoretiky mezinárodního práva Antonín Hobza soudil, že obraz Společnosti národů by byl zkreslen, kdybychom na něj chtěli uplatňovat představy o tradičních organizačních uskupeních, neboť jde o nové období mezinárodního práva. Obdobnou argumentaci zaznamenáváme dnes v souvislosti s Evropskou unií snad jen s tím rozdílem, že o evropském právu nehovoříme jako o právu mezinárodním, ale jako o právu nadnárodním. and Just like today the legal science is far from being able to define European Union as an entity sui generis, it was difficult to classify the League of Nations between the two wars. Czech internationalist Antonín Hobza warned that the aim to define League of Nations as a “Union of states” did not have a rational meaning because the League of Nations was an unprecedented integration of states. In agreement with other theoreticians of international law Antonín Hobza thought that the image of League of Nations would have been misinterpreted if we wanted to apply traditional concepts of organization of states because we have reached a new era of international law.We are seeing the same argumentation today in relation to the European Union. The difference is that European law is treated not only as international but as a supranational law.
The article covers the topic of women's migration from poorer countries to the so called First World to provide domestic work and care giving. On the one hand, their movement is caused by the demand for domestic labour in rich countries where double career couples resolve the dilemma of reconciliation of public and private spheres by externalization of domestic work. On the other hand, the supply is significant. Migration and provision of domestic service is often the only survival strategy available to women from developing countries due to high unemployment and few working opportunities. The practice of hiring a migrant as domestic worker creates global care chains (Hochschild, 2001) that connect women engaged in care giving - those who are postponing it and those who are providing it. Migrant women hold an unequal position in these chains. They comprise a cheap labour in the informal private sector and so are vulnerable to abusive treatment. To tackle such discrimination, the patriarchal system stereotyping both women's and men's roles has to be challenged on the both sides of the care chain: in the developed as well developing countries.
Syria changed from a seemingly stable and slowly modernising country to the site of a regional conflict in a matter of months. The factors of escalation are to be sought in three interrelated aspects: in the power structures of the Asad regime, that choose to deal with the reverberations of the Arab Spring through intensified security alone; in the transformation of social protest into a sectarian conflict; in the unconditional support that all sides receive from abroad. As a result, Syria ceased to be what it was three years ago: a country, a state, and a society., Zora Hesová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Understanding the history of coniferous forests and their natural changes over time is critical for proper and effective forest management. The text describes the origin and disturbance history of the mountain Norway Spruce (Picea abies) forests in the Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest) using tree-ring and archival documents analyses. Severe and extensive natural disturbances play and have played a fundamental role in forest structure and dynamics. Part of the territory has been shaped by forest management. and Vojtěch Čada ... [et al.].
Úvod: Laboratorní diagnostika kontuzí mozku je založena na měření specifických proteinů, které se uvolňují do cirkulace (neuron specifická enoláza ? NSE a protein S100B). Doplňující histologické vyšetření resekované kontuze mozku prokazuje ložiskové změny mozkové tkáně. Metodika: Byl vyšetřen soubor (n = 20) pacientů s ložiskovým poraněním hlavy. U 9 pacientů došlo během 10 dnů od přijetí ke zlepšení GCS na hodnoty 13?15 (skupina I) a u 11 byly hodnoty GCS nižží než 13 (skupina II). Výsledky: V souboru pacientů s poraněním hlavy jsme zjistili pokles hodnot NSE a proteinu S100B od přijetí do 10. dne hospitalizace. U 5 pacientů, kteří zemřeli, byl pozorován vzestup hodnot NSE a S100B 2.?3.den. Pacienti s klinickým zlepšením a úpravou hodnot GCS během 10 dnů od přijetí (skupina I) na hodnotu 15 bodů měli nižší hodnoty NSE (33,53 vs 61,76 ?g/l, p < 0,05) a proteinu S100B (0,61 vs 4,45 ?g/l, p < 0,05) 1.?3. den po přijetí ve srovnání se skupinou II. Morfologické vyšetření kontuze prokázalo nepoškozená jadérka gliových a gangliových buněk, pericyty rozkládaly cizorodé proteiny. Imunohistochemické vyšetření prokázalo v okolí cév pozitivitu protilátky proti CD 68. Závěr: Sledování sérových koncentrací NSE a S100B je vhodným nenáročným doplňkovým vyšetřením pro monitorování pacientů s kraniocerebrálním poraněním., David Vajtr, R. Průša, J. Kukačka, L. Houšťava, F. Šámal, J. Pachl, J. Pažout, and Lit.: 22