Akutní lymfoblastická leukemie (ALL) tvoří jednu čtvrtinu dětských nádorů a je tak nejčastějším maligním nádorovým onemocněním v dětském věku. Jedná se o heterogenní onemocnění, jehož biologie je odlišná od ALL dospělých. Medián věku při diagnóze dětské ALL je 5 let, nejčastějšími chromozomálními abnormitami jsou fúzní gen TEL-AML a hyperdiploidie nad 50 chromozomů. Pravděpodobnost přežití bez selhání (EFS) je při aplikaci kombinované chemoterapie lišící se dle rizika nepříznivého průběhu více než 75 % a pravděpodobnost vyléčení je 85 %. Relaps postihuje 15–20 % dětí s ALL a v jeho léčbě hraje významnou roli transplantace kostní dřeně. Akutní myeloidní leukemie (AML) tvoří 15 % leukemií v dětství. Nejčastějším genetickým podtypem AML je monocytární leukemie s přestavbou MLL genu na dlouhém raménku 11. chromozomu (20–25 % dětí s AML), která má intermediární prognózu. Prognosticky příznivé podtypy akutní promyelocytární leukemie s t (15; 17), myeloidní leukemie s t (8; 21) a myelomonocytární leukemie s inv (16) se nachází u 30–40 % dětí s AML s šancí na vyléčení 70 %. Celkové výsledky léčby AML se u dětí stále zlepšují s šancí na dosažení remise více než 90 % a pravděpodobností přežití více než 60 %., Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents 25 % of childhood tumors being the most frequent childhood cancer. ALL is a heterogeneous disease, biologically different from the same disease in adults. Median age at diagnosis is 5 years, the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities are fusion gene TEL-AML1 and hyperdiploidy over 50 chromosomes. Event-free-survival is over 75 % and overall survival 85 % in children treated with combined chemotherapy intensified according to the risk group. The incidence of relapse is 15–20 % and bone marrow transplantation is the important treatment modality in such situation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents 15 % of childhood leukemias. The most frequent genetic subtype is monocytic leukemia with MLL rearrangement at the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q23) (20–25 % of all AML) with intermediate prognosis. Subtypes with good prognosis – acute promyelocytic leukemia with t (15; 17), myeloid leukemia with t (8; 21) and myelomonocytic leukemia with inv (16) represent 30–40 % of AML with overall survival 70 %. Total treatment results are steadily improving with a chance to achieve remission over 90 % and overall survival over 60 %., Jan Starý, and Lit.: 20
The effect of exogenous noradrenaline (NA) (1.6 mg.kg-1 i.p., 35 min prior sacrifice) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOE) copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as lipid peroxides (LP) concentration were studied in the rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and heart of saline (controls) and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats (10 mg.kg-1, i.p., during 3 days and 20 min before NA). NA differently affects both AOE activities and LP production in the IBAT and heart. Thus, NA inhibited the activity of all IBAT AOE and LP production while in the heart it markedly increased CAT activity only, but had no effect on any of SODs activities and LP concentration. L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase blocker, completely abolished the NA-induced inhibition of the IBAT AOE and LP production, whereas in the heart it was without effect. In conclusion, these results indicate that both NA and L-NAME effects on AOE activity and LP production are tissue specific and also suggest that nitric oxide mediates the NA-induced inhibition of AOE activity and LP production in the IBAT only., A. Perovic, T. Vuckovic, G. Cvijic, J. Djordjevic, V. Davidovic., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Third instar larvae of the genus Acroceratitis Hendel from North Thailand are described for the first time. They belong to A. ceratitina (Bezzi), A. distincta (Zia), A. histrionica (de Meijere), A. incompleta Hardy, and A. septemmaculata Hardy. Short descriptions of eggs, empty egg shells, and puparia are also presented. Acroceratitis larvae infest shoots of bamboo (Poaceae). Larval host plants of the studied species are Bambusa polymorpha Munro, Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro, Dendrocalamus hamiltoni Nees and Arnott ex Munro, D. strictus (Roxbourgh), Dendrocalamus sp. (unidentified) and Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata (Munro). The morphological characters of Acroceratitis larvae are compared with those of other Gastrozonini described so far. A key to Acroceratitis larvae is provided. Acroceratitis ceratitina, A. incompleta and A. septemmaculata are morphologically similar and clearly differentiated from A. distincta and A. histrionica by the lack of additional papillar sensilla on the labial lobe, the arrangement of the spinules on the creeping welts and other characters. The morphological differences between the two groups coincide with the type of substrate utilized by their larvae: A. ceratitina, A. incompleta and A. septemmaculata larvae feed in young and soft internode walls, while A. distincta and A. histrionica utilize harder bamboo tissue of already elongated bamboo shoot internodes. Acroceratitis histrionica larvae are special within the Gastrozonini, because they develop exclusively in cavities formed by the internode surface and the protecting culm sheath. Factors influencing spatial utilization of larval resources, preference for upright shoots as breeding substrate, larval behavior, types of bamboo damage caused by different species and attraction to sweat and urine in the adults are discussed., Alexander Schneider, Damir Kovac, Gary J. Steck, Amnon Freidberg., and Obsahuje bibliografii