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1. Elektronová mikroskopie - zdroj inspirace ve výuce (nejen) středoškolské fyziky 2

Creator:
Vencelides, Petr and Jurmanová, Jana
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mikroskopie, fyzika, microscopy, physics, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The article presents electron microscopy as a suitable source of inspiration for teaching physics at secondary school. Some specific examples explain the basic physical principles of these (sophisticated) devices. Today, electron microscopy is developing rapidly, and its inclusion in physics textbooks is highly desirable., Petr Vencelides, Jana Jurmanová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2. Hmotová spektrometrická mikroskopie využívající ablace XUV laserem

Creator:
Burian, Tomáš, Kuznetsov, Ilya, Juha, Libor, Rocca, Jorge J., and Menoni, Carmen S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, mikroskopie, spektrometrie, lasery, physics, microscopy, spectrometry, lasers, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Nedávno byly publikovány první výsledky dosažené pomoci metody využívající pro účely zobrazovací hmotové spektrometrie ablaci zkoumaného materiálu submikronovým svazkem extrémního ultrafialového (XUV) laseru s kapilárním výbojem., Recently, significant advantages have been demonstrated using a compact capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet (XUV) with a wavelength of 46.9 nm for mass spectrometry applications. 26.4 eV energy photons provide efficient single photon ionisation while preserving the structure of molecules and clusters. A radiation absorption depth of tens of nanometres coupled with focusing of the laser beam to -100 nm results in the ablation of atto-litre scale craters, which in turn enables high resolution mass spectral imaging of solid samples. First results obtained with this new mass spectrometry imaging method, developed and implemented at he NSF Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology in Fort Collins (CO, USA), are summarised in this brief review., Tomáš Burian, Ilya Kuznetsov, Libor Juha, Jorge J. Rocca, Carmen S. Menoni., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3. Microstructure of selected metamorphic rock types: application of petrographic image analysis

Creator:
Šachlová, Šárka, Vladimír Schenk, and Zdeňka Schenková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, metamorfované horniny, mikroskopie, metamorphic rocks, microscopy, texture, structure, kinematic indicators, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Microscopic techniques, such as polarising microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS), were used in combination with petrographic image analysis with the aim of a quantitative determination of the mineral composition, rock microstructure, and degree of metamorphism of selected quartz-rich metamorphic rock types. Sampled orthogneiss rock types are mainly composed of feldspar, quartz, biotite, and amphibole. The grains are less isometric, elongated, having smooth boundaries, and showing a weak preferential orientation. The deformation and recrystallization characteristics of quartz indicate high-temperature recrystallization (the grain boundary migration recrystallization mechanism). Schist and phyllite rock types are preferentially very-fine to fine-grained, showing a strong shape preferred orientation. Their sedimentary origin was indicated by the presence of graphite. The deformation and recrystallization characteristics of the quartz indicate low temperature conditions of their metamorphism., Šárka Šachlová, Vladimír Schenk and Zdeňka Schenková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild foxes, wolves, jackals, and bears in central Europe

Creator:
Kváč, Martin, Myšková, Eva, Holubová, Nikola, Kellnerová, Klára, Kicia, Marta, Rajský, Dušan, McEvoy, John, Feng, Yaoyu, Hanzal, Vladimír, and Sak, Bohumil
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
PCR, carnivores, genotyping, SSU, gp60, microscopy, Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia
Language:
English
Description:
Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 are one of the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. Faecal samples from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes [Linnaeus]), 100 grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus), 11 golden jackals (Canis aureus Linnaeus), and 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) were collected in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy and PCR/sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes using the maximum likelihood method revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri Ren, Zhao, Zhang, Ning, Jian et al., 2012 (n = 1) and C. andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead et Blackburn, 2000 (n = 2) in red foxes, C. canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lai et Dubey, 2001 (n = 2) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santín et Macarisin, 2010 (n = 2) in grey wolves, and C. galli Pavlásek, 1999 in brown bears (n = 1) and red foxes (n = 1). Subtyping of isolates of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri based on sequence analysis of gp60 showed that they belong to the XIId and IXa families, respectively. The presence of specific DNA of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni and C. galli, which primarily infect the prey of carnivores, is probably the result of their passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the carnivores. Finding C. ubiquitum XIId in wolves may mean broadening the host spectrum of this subtype, but it remains possible this is the result of infected prey passing through the wolf - in this case deer, which is a common host of this parasite. The dog genotype of C. canis was reported for the first time in wolves.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Využití koherentních difrakčních metod v mikroskopii

Creator:
Odstrčil, Michal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, mikroskopie, koheze (fyzika), physics, microscopy, cohesion (physics), 6, and 53
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Článek pojednává o principech a provedení koherentních difrakčních metod pro účely zobrazování mikroskopických objektů. Donedávna šlo o techniky využívané spíše jen výjimečně. S rozvojem a stále rostoucí dostupností výkonových zdrojů koherentního krátkovlnného záření, především vysokých harmonických (high-order harmonics) a rentgenových laserů různých typů. však nachází stále širší uplatnění., In the last decade, the field of microscopy has experienced a revolution in the application of coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) methods. In particular, thanks to the availability of high brilliance short wavelength sources, CDI is now used for a large number of applications such as biological imaging, material research or nanoscale investigation of magnetic domains. Furthermore, the recent development of high brightness X-ray and EUV laboratory sources will extend the applications of short wavelength CDI from large facilities, such as synchrotrons, to small laboratories and universities., Michal Odstrčil., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public