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31272. Protection of the Cultural Heritage in the Polish, Czech and German Borderland as Educational Challenge /
- Creator:
- Dziubacka, Krystyna
- Type:
- studie
- Subject:
- Kulturní politika, dědictví kulturní, světové dějiny od r. 1945 do současnosti, and dějiny vědy, umění, kultury a techniky, kulturní vztahy
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
31273. Protection of Toll-like receptor 9 against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress of pulmonary epithelial cells via MyD88-mediated pathways
- Creator:
- Qi, Zhenhong, Chen, Jiaxin, Deng, Menghua, Zhang, Yunhai, Ma, Tianwei, and Ma, Mingyuan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- acute lung injury, Toll-like receptor 9, inflammation, oxidative stress, and MyD88
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common, severe clinical syndrome. Injury caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells is a vital process in the pathogenesis of ALI. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in LPS-induced ALI rats. In this study, Beas-2B human pulmonary epithelial cells and A549 alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated by LPS, resulting in the upregulation of TLR9 in a concentrationdependent manner. Furthermore, TLR9 overexpression and interference vectors were transfected before LPS administration to explore the role of TLR9 in LPS-induced ALI in vitro. The findings revealed that inhibition of TLR9 reduced inflammation and oxidative stress while suppressing apoptosis of LPS-induced Beas-2B and A549 cells, whereas TLR9 overexpression aggravated these conditions. Moreover, TLR9 inhibition resulted in downregulated protein expression of myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) and activator activator protein 1 (AP-1), as well as phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 was upregulated compared to that of cells subjected to only LPS administration, and this was reversed by TLR9 overexpression. These results indicate that inhibition of TLR9 plays a protective role against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in Beas-2B and A549 cells, possibly via the MyD88/NF-κB and MyD88/MAPKs/AP-1 pathways.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31274. Protective effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid on partial hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult male rats
- Creator:
- Ren, Yun, Wang, Li-Hua, Deng, Fu-Sheng, Li, Jian-Sheng, and Jiang, Lin
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ischemia, reperfusion injury, α-Lipoic acid, liver, and oxygen free radicals
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In order to reduce tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, this study aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The bloodstream of rats was blocked in the left middle and left lateral liver lobes of the liver. Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group and injury group. Rats were injected with either 25 mg/1 ml of α-lipoic acid (treatment group) or 1 ml of saline (injury group) into the caudal vein 15 min before hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Rat serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were examined at various time points (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) in both groups. Changes in nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65) expression in ischemia-reperfusion liver at various time points after reperfusion (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) were evaluated through immunohistochemistry assay. Changes in macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were detected by RT-PCR. Serum GPT level was significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). NF-κB P65, MIP-2 mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). Serum GSH and SOD levels were higher in the treatment group than in the injury group (P<0.01). Alpha-lipoic acid significantly reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers. This may be associated to the direct scavenging of oxygen-free radicals, increased GSH production, and the activation of downstream media due to decreased NF-κB and GSH consumption.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
31275. Protective effect of ascorbic acid in high altitude hypoxia in the rat
- Creator:
- Schreiber, M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hypoxia, high altitude, ascorbic acid, and hypoxia survival
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Control (physiological saline treated) and ascorbic acid (AA) treated (1 mg . g'1 b.w. one hour before exposure) 18-day-old rats were exposed for 1 hour to high altitude in a hypobaric chamber and the mean lethal altitudes were calculated. AA displayed a protective effect, so that in two identical experiments the mean lethal altitude was 10 900 and 10 150 m in controls, while it was 11 500 and 11 450 m in AA treated animals.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31276. Protective effect of captopril, olmesartan, melatonin and compound 21 on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
- Creator:
- Hrenák, J., Arendášová, K., Rajkovičová, R., Aziriová, S., Repová, K., Kristína Krajčírovičová, Peter Celec, Kamodyová, N., Bárta, A., Michaela Adamcová, Ľudovít Paulis, and Fedor Šimko
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, melatonin, oxidační stres, oxidative stress, nephroprotection, doxorubicin, captopril, olmesartan, C21 substance, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a serious public health problem with increasing prevalence and novel approaches to renal protection are continuously under investigation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of melatonin and angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21 (C21) to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan on animal model of doxorubicin nephrotoxicity. Six groups of 3-month-old male Wistar rats (12 per group) were treated for four weeks. The first group served as a control. The remaining groups were injected with a single dose of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg i.v.) at the same day as administration of either vehicle or captopril (100 mg/kg/day) or olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) or C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day) was initiated. After four week treatment, the blood pressure and the level of oxidative stress were enhanced along with reduced glomerular density and increased glomerular size. Captopril, olmesartan and melatonin prevented the doxorubicin-induced increase in systolic blood pressure. All four substances significantly diminished the level of oxidative burden and prevented the reduction of glomerular density and modestly prevented the increase of glomerular size. We conclude that captopril, olmesartan, melatonin and C21 exerted a similar level of renoprotective effects in doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity., J. Hrenák ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31277. Protective effect of carnitine on lipoperoxide formation in rat brain
- Creator:
- Koudelová, J., Mourek, J., Drahota, Z., and Rauchová, H.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- brain (rat), hypobaric hypoxia, lipid peroxidation, and carnitine
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Carnitine administration (by intraperitoneal injection) to 21-day-old-rats prevents the increase of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (index of lipid peroxidation and free radical damage) induced by 30 min hypobaric hypoxia in four different parts of the brain (cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, medulla oblongata and cerebellum).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31278. Protective effect of ginsenoside against acute renal failure and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus
- Creator:
- Zhang, H. A., Wang, M., Zhou, J., Yao, Q. Y., Ma, J. M., and Jiang, C. L.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, akutní selhání ledvin, acute renal failure, ginsenoside, locus coeruleus, tyrosine hydroxylase, protective effect, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Acute renal failure (ARF) is mainly characterized by acute tubular necrosis. No significant change was found for mortality rates over the past few decades despite significant advances in supportive care. In recent years, great effort has been focused on traditional and herbal medicine, which is much less toxic than those agents conventionally used and which is nowadays considered as a novel therapeutic agent for ARF. However, the effect of ginsenosides (GS) administered orally on ARF has not been reported yet and little is known about its cellular and molecular mechanism. The purpose of the study is to investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside in rats with ARF on the changes of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) as well as on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the locus coeruleus. In our assay, glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats was employed to study the protective effects of ginsenoside. Our results indicated that the treatment of ARF rats with ginsenosides for 48 h significantly reduced the serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine level, and lipid peroxidation, restored the GSH level and the normal renal morphology. Immunohistochemistry showed that an obvious increase of TH-IR was further enhanced in ARF+GS group. The same effect was also observed in the changes of p-ERK1/2-IR in the locus coeruleus. Our results suggest that ginsenoside administered orally may have a strong renal protective effect against glycerol-induced ARF, and ginsenoside can also activate the brain catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Our future attention will be focused to the question whether there is a correlation between the renal protective effect of ginsenosides against acute renal failure and the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus., H. A. Zhang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31279. Protective effect of ginsenoside against acute renal failure via reduction of renal oxidative stress and enhanced expression of ChAT in the proximal convoluted tubule and ERK1/2 in the paraventricular nuclei
- Creator:
- Zhou, J., Zhang, H. A., Lin, Y., Liu, H. M., Cui, Y. M., Xu, Y., Zhao, N., Ma, J. M., Fan, K., and Jiang, C. L.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, akutní selhání ledvin, acute renal failure, ginsenoside, proximal convoluted tubular cells, choline acetyltransferase, paraventricular nuclei, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Generation of reactive oxygen species significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by myoglobin release. Ginsenosides (GS), the principal active ingredients of ginseng, is considered as an extremely good antioxidative composition of Chinese traditional and herbal drugs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside in rats with ARF on the changes of cholinergic nervous system in the kidney as well as on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN). In our assay, glycerolinduced acute renal failure in rats was employed to study the protective effects of ginsenoside. Our results indicated that the treatment of ARF rats with ginsenosides for 48 h significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Meanwhile, the obvious increase of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactivity (ChAT-IR) in the proximal convoluted tubular cells (PCT) was observed by immunohistochemistry in ARF+GS group. The same effect was also observed in the changes of p-ERK1/2-IR in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. Our results suggest that ginsenoside administered orally may have a strong renal protective effect against glycerol-induced ARF, reduce the renal oxidative stress, and ginsenoside can also activate the cholinergic system in PCT, simultaneously MAPK signal pathway in the PVN was also activated., J. Zhou, H. A. Zhang, Y. Lin, H. M. Liu, Y. M. Cui, Y. Xu, N. Zhao, J. M. Ma, K. Fan, C. L. Jiang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31280. Protective effect of quercetin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats
- Creator:
- Možiš, J., Katarína Hviščová, Germanová, D., Bukovičová, D., and Ladislav Mirossay
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ischemie, ischemia, quercetin, gastric mucosa, ischemia/reperfusion, indomethacin, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study was designed to determine the gastroprotective properties of quercetin in ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury and the involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in this process. Oral pretreatment of rats with quercetin (100 mg.kg-1) 30 min before surgery significantly decreased the length of gastric mucosal lesions. However, lower doses of quercetin (25 and 50 mg.kg-1) only slightly decreased the gastric mucosal injury. Intraperitoneal application of indomethacin (5 mg.kg-1) had no effect in control (sham-operated) animals, but significantly worsened gastric injury in non-treated animals after ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, indomethacin only slightly reversed protective effect of quercetin. Non-treated animals showed a marked decrease in adherent mucus after ischemia/reperfusion. On the other hand, application of quercetin prevented this significant decrease even in animals pretreated with indomethacin. It can be concluded that antioxidant properties of quercetin and its mucus protective effect might be the main factors responsible for its protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury., J. Mojžiš, K. Hviščová, D. Germanová, D. Bukovičová, L. Mirossay., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public