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28682. Paramilitary Extremism in Interwar Hungary and its Anti-Jewish Argumentation /
- Creator:
- Adam, Istvan Pal
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Dějiny zemí střední Evropy, antisemitismus, represe protižidovské, extremismus, Maďarsko, světové dějiny 1918-1945, antisemitismus, perzekuce, pogromy, and armáda, vojenské složky, vojáci
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
28683. Paranaelia luquei gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), a new parasite of Brazilian catfìshes
- Creator:
- Kohn, Anna, Baptista-Farias, Maria de Fatima D., and Chiniez Cohen, Simone
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogcnca, Microcotylidae, Paranaella luquei, catfíshes, Paraná River, and Brazil
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Paranaella, a new microcotyline monotypie genus, is erected to accommodate Paranaella luquei sp. n., parasite of gill filaments from Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix et Agassiz (Loricariidae) from the Paraná River, Brazil. The new genus is most closely related to Microcolyle Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, Diploslamenides Unnithan, 1971 and Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971. From Microcolyle it differs mainly by having the genital atrium formed by a muscular ring with a concentric row of numerous elongate and straight spines; from Diplostamenides it can be distinguished by the unarmed and not differentiated cirrus and from Solostamenides it differs by the single vaginal pore and absence of larval hooks.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28684. Paraneoplastická limbická encefalitida
- Creator:
- Jandura, Jiří, Ryška, Pavel, Žižka, Jan, Klzo, Ludovít, Eliáš, Pavel, Štěpán, Petr, and Adamkov, Jaroslav
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- limbická encefalitida--diagnóza, paraneoplastické neurologické syndromy--diagnóza, poruchy paměti--diagnóza--etiologie, magnetická rezonanční tomografie--metody--využití, klinické laboratorní techniky--využití, nádory centrálního nervového systému--diagnóza--komplikace--sekundární, neurony--chemie--metabolismus--virologie, autoprotilátky--izolace a purifikace, diferenciální diagnóza, elektroencefalografie--metody--využití, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, lidé, paraneoplastické syndromy, poruchy paměti, and magnetická rezonance
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Paraneoplastická limbická encefalitida je vzácné onemocnění náležící do skupiny paraneoplastických neurologických syndromů. V diagnostice hraje zásadní roli zobrazení mozku magnetickou rezonancí. Předkládáme kazuistiku 57letého muže, u něhož vyšetření magnetickou rezonancí jistě přispělo ke stanovení této diagnózy. Další významnou součástí diagnostického postupu je průkaz specifických, takzvaných antineuronálních autoprotilátek Prognóza choroby nebývá dobrá, je závislá především na možnostech suprese základního tumorózního onemocnění., Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare disorder which belongs to a group of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. The diagnostic role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of utmost importance. We report a case of a 57-year-old man in whom MRI significantly contributed to establishing of proper diagnosis. Other important diagnostic test includes identification of specific, so called antineural auto antibodies. Typically, the prognosis of the disease is not good; it depends mainly on the ability to control the underlying malignant disease., Jandura J, Ryška P, Žižka J, Klzo L, Eliáš P, Štěpán P, Adamkov J., and Literatura 10
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
28685. Paraoxonase (PON1) 55 and 192 polymorphism and its effects to oxidant-antioxidant system in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellıtus
- Creator:
- Agachan, B., Yilmaz, H., Ergen, H.A., Karaali, Z.E., and Isbir, T.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Paraoxonase, Polymorphism, TBARS, Conjugated dienes, GSH, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Turkish population
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Paraoxonase (PON1) is a serum enzyme with an antioxidant function, protecting the low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidative modifications. Because diabetic patients are at greater risk of oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of PON1 55 methione (M)/leucine (L) and PON1 192 glutamine (A)/arginine (B) polymorphisms on oxidant- antioxidant system in 213 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 116 non-diabetic control subjects from Turkish population were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used to determine the PON1 genotypes. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes levels in the serum and glutathione (GSH) levels in whole blood were measured spectrophotometrically. In both groups PON1 192 AA and PON1 55 MM genotypes had higher TBARS, conjugated dienes levels and lower GSH levels, whereas PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL genotypes had lower TBARS, conjugated diene levels and higher GSH level than other genotypes. We thus conclude that PON1 192 BB and PON1 55 LL alleles have protective effect against oxidative stress.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28686. Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms and enzyme activities in diabetes mellitus
- Creator:
- Flekač, Milan, Jan Škrha, Kateřina Zídková, Zdeňka Lacinová, and Jiřina Hilgertová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, diabetologie, diabetické angiopatie, human physiology, diabetology, diabetic angiopathies, paraoxonase, genetic polymorphisms, serum activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme closely associated with HDL (high-density lipoproteins), preserves LDL (low-density lipoproteins) against oxidation. Less protection may be therefore supposed by decreased PON1 activity. This study was undertaken to investigate the association of PON1 gene polymorphisms with diabetic angiopathy and to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms with PON1 activity. Total of 86 Type 1 (T1DM) and 246 Type 2 (T2DM) diabetic patients together with 110 healthy subjects were examined. DNA isolated from leukocytes was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The products were analyzed for L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in coding region and for –107 C/T and –907 G/C in promotor sequence of PON1. Serum enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Significant differences were found between T1DM or T2DM and control persons in L55M polymorphism (allele M more frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0.05) and Q192R polymorphism (R allele less frequent in T1DM and T2DM vs. controls, p<0.01) of the PON1 gene. Serum PON1 activity was significantly decreased in T1DM (110±68 nmol/ml/min) and T2DM patients (118±69 nmol/ml/min) compared to the control persons (203±58 nmol/ml/min), both p<0.01. The presence of MM and QQ genotypes was accompanied by lower PON1 activity than of LL and RR genotypes (p<0.05), respectively. Better diabetes control was found in patients with LL than with MM genotypes and similarly in RR genotype than QQ genotype with p<0.05. Significantly different allele frequencies were found in diabetic patients with macroangiopathy than in those without it (M: 0.59 vs. 0.44. R: 0.12 vs. 0.19, p<0.01). The association of PON1 polymorphisms, lower PON1 activity and poorer diabetes control found in patients with macroangiopathy further support the idea of genetic factors contributing to the development of vascular disorders in diabetes., M. Flekač, J. Škrha, K. Zídková, Z, Lacinová, J. Hilgertová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a biblografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28687. Paraoxonáza a ateroskleróza
- Creator:
- Ďuračková, Zdeňka and Andrezálová, Lucia
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- ateroskleróza--enzymologie--genetika--metabolismus, aryldialkylfosfatasa--analýza--genetika--metabolismus, izoenzymy--genetika--metabolismus, lipoproteiny LDL--metabolismus, lidé, and financování organizované
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Srdcovo-cievne ochorenia patria medzi vážne príčiny úmrtia ľudí. Ateroskleróza a oxidačne modifi kované lipoproteíny výraznou mierou prispievajú k patológii týchto ochorení. Významnú úlohu v antiaterogénnych procesoch hrajú HDL- -lipoproteíny a s nimi asociované enzýmy, najmä paraoxonáza. Živočíšne paraoxonázy (PON1, PON2 a PON3) sú rodinou významných hydroláz závislých od Ca2+ a aktívnych voči celému radu rôznych substrátov. Aj keď skutočný fyziologický substrát pre jednotlivé PON sa nepozná, v súčasnosti sa považujú za významné substráty laktóny, niektoré oxidované fosfolipidy, produkty oxidácie kyseliny arachidónovej a dokozahexaénovej ako aj laktóny odvodené od N-acetyl-homoserínu. Všetky PON sa pokladajú za enzýmy s významnou antiaterogénnou aktivitou. Ich aktivity sa stanovujú voči rôznym substrátom, pričom arylesterázová aktivita PON1 sa považuje za smerodatnejší ukazovateľ antiaterogénnej aktivity ako paraoxonázová aktivita PON1. Laktonázová aktivita je pravdepodobne bližšie k fyziologickému substrátu ako paraoxon, či fenylacetát., Cardiovascular diseases (CV) are one of the most important mortal diseases. Atherosclerosis and oxidatively modifi - ed lipoproteins are main risk factors that contribute to the pathology of CV diseases. HDL as well as HDL-associated enzyme paraoxonase play an important role in the antiatherogenic processes. Mammalian paraoxonases (PON1, PON2 and PON3) are a unique family of calcium dependent hydrolases, with enzymatic activity towards a broad range of substrates. Although PONs physiological substrates have not been identifi ed yet, some studies suggest some lactones, or some specifi c oxidized phospholipids, or products of oxidation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid as well as N-acyl-homoserine lactones to be suitable substrates for the enzyme. All three members of the PON family were shown to protect from atherosclerosis development. Their biological activities are determined towards different substrates and arylesterase activity is more decisive indicator of antiatherogenic activity than paraoxonase activity. However structure- -reactivity studies indicate that lactonase activity of PON1 is its native activity., Ďuračková Z., Andrezálová L., and Lit.: 28
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
28688. Parapedocotyle prolatili gen. n. et sp. n., a representative of a new subfamily of the Diclidophoridae (Monogenea), a gill parasite of Prolatilus jugularis (Teleostei: Pinguipedidae) from Chile
- Creator:
- Oliva, Marcelo E., Sepulveda, Fabiola A., and González, M. Teresa
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogenea, new subfamily, Parapedocotylinae, marine fish, and Chile
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parapedocotylinae, a new subfamily, is proposed to accommodate the gen. n. et sp. n. Parapedocotyle prolatili (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae), a gill parasite of the Pacific sandperch, Prolatilus jugularis (Valenciennes) (Pinguipedidae) from northern Chile (30°56'S; 71°20'W). Among the Diclidophoridae Cerfontaine, 1895, the species of the Pedocotylinae Yamaguti, 1963 are unique by bearing the first pair of clamps (most posteriorly) in a haptoral projection. Pedocotyle MacCallum, 1913, the only genus in the Pedocotylinae, is characterised by the first pair of clamps non-pedunculate, modified and non-functional, without accessory suckers, and clamps of pairs 2-4 being pedunculate and functional. In contrast, the first pair of clamps in Parapedocotyle is well developed and functional at the terminal end of a long haptoral appendix and having clamp pairs 2-4 pedunculated, modified and apparently not functional. Seminal receptacle is preovarian in Parapedocotyle in opposition to its postovarian position in Pedocotyle. These differences justified the erection of the new subfamily Parapedocotylinae. The new subfamily is also supported by genetic analyses (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and cox1 sequences) demonstrating that the Pedocotylinae and Parapedocotylinae belong to different clades in the Diclidophoridae.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28689. Parasite communities of eels Anguilla anguilla in freshwater and marine habitats in Iceland in comparison with other parasite communities of eels in Europe
- Creator:
- Kristmundsson, Árni and Helgason, Sigurður
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Anguilla anguilla, eel, parasites, parasite communities, diversity, species richness, comparison, and Iceland
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ninety-five eels from one marine and three freshwater localities in Iceland were examined for parasites. Twenty species were found, 12 from marine habitat, 12 from freshwater and 4 species were found in both habitats. These are: Eimeria anguillae, Chilodonella hexasticha, Trichodina fultoni, T. jadranica, Myxidium giardi, Myxobolus kotlani, two Zschokkella spp., Derogenes varicus, Deropristis inflata, Diplostomum sp., Plagioporus angulatus, Podocotyle atomon, Anisakis simplex (larva), Eustrongylides sp. (larva), Hysterothylacium aduncum (larva), Raphidascaris acus (larval and adult stages), Bothriocephalus claviceps, Proteocephalus macrocephalus, and a pseudophyllidean larva. Thirteen of these species are new parasite records from Icelandic waters. The component community of marine eels was characterized by low diversity and a high dominance of a single species. Overall, seven species of helminths were observed, up to five different species occurring in an individual fish. The component community of the freshwater eels was species-poor with low diversity and relatively high dominance of single species. A between-sites difference in the freshwater eels was considerable; only Diplostomum sp. was found at more then one sampling site. Similar to previous studies, there is a total replacement of freshwater macroparasite species by marine ones in saline waters. But unlike research abroad in which species richness decreases with higher salinity, the marine eels in Iceland have considerably higher richness than the freshwater ones. The parasite communities of freshwater eels in Iceland are, in general species-poorer, less diverse and having higher Berger Parker (BP) dominance than other eel communities in Europe. Marine eels have on the other hand comparable species richness, are less diverse and with a high BP dominance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28690. Parasite richness in fish larvae from the nearshore waters of central and northern Chile
- Creator:
- Muñoz, Gabriela, Landaeta, Mauricio F, Palacios-Fuentes, Pamela, López, Zambra, and González, María Teresa
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ryby, parazitologie, fishes, parasitology, copepods, Pennellidae, Caligidae, fish larva assemblage, intertidal fish, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the present study, we determine the presence of parasites in fish larvae collected from nearshore waters along the northern and central coast of Chile. The parasites were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level based on morphological and molecular analyses. The fish sample was composed of 5 574 fish larvae. Of these, 3% harboured only larval ectoparasitic copepods whereas no endoparasites were found in the 1 141 fish evaluated for this group of parasites. The parasitic copepods collected were initially classified as 'morphotypes' according to differences in morphological characteristics. They were then analysed using molecular techniques based on the 28S and COI genes. Seven morphotypes of parasitic copepods (mostly at chalimus stages) were recognised: two of the morphotypes belonged to Pennellidae Burmeister, 1835, three to Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 and two were not identified. Only five morphotypes of copepods were analysed using molecular sequences, which confirmed the existence of six species: two pennellids of the genus Trifur Wilson, 1917 and two caligids of the genus Caligus Müller, 1785, plus two additional species that were morphologically different from these taxa. The pennellids were present in several fish species, being generally more prevalent than the caligids, in both the central and northern localities of Chile. Multispecies infections in larval fish were infrequent (< 1%). We conclude that fish larvae were rich in parasites, considering that these hosts exhibited small body sizes and were very young. We suggest that fish larvae could play a role, as intermediate hosts, in the life cycle of the parasitic copepods found., Gabriela Muñoz, Mauricio F. Landaeta, Pamela Palacios-Fuentes, Zambra López, María Teresa González., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public