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382. Vývoj štruktúr oblasti zadnej jamy mozgovej (fosa posterior) a ich poruchy vývoja v ultrazvukovom obraze (postupy na spresnenie diagnózy a perspektíva vývoja plodov)
- Creator:
- Ditte, Martin
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, abstrakt z konference, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lebeční jáma zadní--abnormality--embryologie--ultrasonografie, první trimestr těhotenství, druhý trimestr těhotenství, ultrasonografie prenatální--statistika a číselné údaje, ženské pohlaví, lidé, and těhotenství
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- Martin Ditte
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
383. Vývojové chyby u reprodukčných strát v 1. trimestri gravidity
- Creator:
- Vojtaššák, Ján, Malová, J., Demjénová, Ľudmila, Korbeľ, Miroslav, and Martanovič, P.
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kongresy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- potrat spontánní--etiologie, první trimestr těhotenství, vrozené vady, cytodiagnostika, and potracený plod--patologie
- Language:
- Czech and Slovak
- Description:
- Ján Vojtaššák, J. Malová, Ľ. Demjénová
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
384. Význam lymfangiogenézy a ultraštruktúry lymfatických kapilár pri metastázovaní malígneho melanómu
- Creator:
- Rovenská, Eva
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, melanom--metabolismus--patologie, lymfatické cévy--metabolismus--ultrastruktura, lymfangiogeneze, lymfatické metastázy--patologie--ultrastruktura, lymfatické uzliny--metabolismus--patologie, vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor C--biosyntéza, biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny, epidermální růstový faktor, pohyb buněk, endoteliální buňky--metabolismus, and sentinelová uzlina
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Lymfangiogenéza – tvorba lymfatických kapilár – v malígnom melanóme a v jeho blízkom okolí zohráva dôležitú úlohu pri metastázovaní tumoróznych buniek z malígneho melanómu do organizmu. Malígny melanóm produkuje epidermálny rastový faktor EGF, ktorý indukuje tvorbu cievneho rastového endotelového faktora VEGF-C, a tým spúšťa lymfangiogenézu. Je veľmi pravdepodobné, že malígne bunky z melanómu vstupujú do lymfatických kapilár aj cez špecializované inter-endotelové spojenia (endotelové mikrochlopne, primárne chlopne) situované v ich stenách. Po vstupe malígnych buniek do lymfatických kapilár putujú tieto bunky v lymfe do sentinelovej lymfatickej uzliny. Malígne bunky môžu pravdepodobne lymfogénne metastázovať priamo aj do distálnych spádových lymfatických uzlín. Vo včasnom štádiu malígneho melanómu sa nevylučuje ani hematogénna cesta metastázovania., Lymphangiogenesis – proliferation of lymphatic capillaries – in melanoma and in its vicinity plays an important role in metastatic process of malign melanoma cells in organism. Melanoma produces epidermal growth factor EGF which induces vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-C and thereby starts lymphangiogenesis. It is very probable that malignant melanoma cells enter lymphatic capillaries also through specialized inter-endothelial junctions (endothelial microvalves, primary valves) situated in their walls. After entry of malign cells into lymphatic capillaries, these cells travel in lymph to the sentinel lymph node. Malign cells metastasize through lymphatic vessels probably also directly into distal regional lymphatic nodes. Metastasizing through blood vessels is suggestible also in early stage melanoma., and Eva Rovenská
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
385. Význam transkutánneho monitorovania tkanivového kyslíka u pacienta s diabetes mellitus s jeho komplikáciami
- Creator:
- Baláž, David, Komorníková, Adéla, Sabaka, Peter, Gašpar, Ľudovít, and Dukát, Andrej
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí--metody--využití, analýza krevních plynů--metody--využití, transkutánní měření krevních plynů--využití, komplikace diabetu--diagnóza--klasifikace--patofyziologie, krevní průtok regionální, parciální tlak, kůže--krevní zásobení, diabetes mellitus--patofyziologie, hyperbarická oxygenace, hojení ran, diabetická noha, diabetické neuropatie, laser doppler flowmetrie, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Transkutánne monitorovanie parciálneho tlaku tkanivového kyslíka (tcpO2) je jednoduchou neinvazívnou metódou, ktorá pomáha pri diagnóze chronických komplikácií diabetes mellitus. Primárne je metóda monitorovania tcpO2 určená na hodnotenie mikrocirkulácie. Vhodne umiestnená a fixovaná Clarkova sonda na povrchu kože nám dáva s veľkou presnosťou informáciu o parciálnom tlaku kyslíku na podklade polarografického princípu detekcie difundujúceho kyslíku z kapilárneho nutritívneho riečiska cez tkanivá do povrchových vrstiev kože. Funkcia mikrocirkulácie je ovplyvňovaná makrocirkuláciou, čo umožňuje metódu merania tcpO2 využiť v diagnostickom procese periférneho artériového obliterujúceho ochorenia alebo inej vaskulárnej patológie. Kombinácia tcpO2 a meranie perfúzneho tlaku kože technikou laserového Dopplerovho vyšetrenia nám dáva informáciu nielen o kapilárnom riečisku, ale aj o cievach, ktoré anatomicky predchádzajú kapiláry. Článok ponúka odporučenia na meranie a hodnotenie výsledkov tcpO2 a zahŕňa výsledky najnovších štúdií, ktoré sa zaoberajú možnosťami využitia monitorovania tcpO2 u pacienta s diabetes mellitus. Kľúčové slova: diabetická mikroangiopatia – diabetická neuropatia – nehojaci sa diabetický defekt – periférne artériové obliterujúce ochorenie – transkutánne monitorovanie tkanivového kyslíka, Monitoring of transcutaneous perfusion pressure of tissue oxygen (tcpO2) is a simple, non-invasive method performed in diagnostic process of chronic diabetic complications. Primary, tcpO2 is used as an indicator of microcirculatory function. Properly placed and fixed Clark electrode is able to detect with high accuracy partial oxygen pressure on the skin surface by polarographic system of dissolved oxygen from capillary bed through tissues to upper layers of the skin. The microcirculation function is influenced by macrocirculation, thus, tcpO2 is a suitable parameter in diagnosis of peripheral arterial obliterative disease or other vascular pathologies. Combination of tcpO2 monitoring and skin perfusion pressure by laser Doppler technique gives us information not only about nutritive capillary flow, but also about vessels which precede capillary bed. The article discusses current guidelines for measurement of tcpO2 and evaluation of the results. Also reviews the results of recent studies which are interested in the use of tcpO2 in diabetic patients., and David Baláž, Andrea Komorníková, Peter Sabaka, Ľudovít Gašpar, Andrej Dukát
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
386. Význam vyšetrovania alanínaminotransferázy u darcov krvi pre redukciu rizika prenosu hepatitíd B a C hemoterapiou
- Creator:
- Kusendová, Katarína, Gavorník, Peter, Sabaka, Peter, and Sviteková, Klára
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
- Subject:
- alanintransamináza--krev, hepatitida B--prevence a kontrola, hepatitida C--prevence a kontrola, dárci krve, spektrofotometrie--metody--využití, erytrocyty, cytaferéza--metody--využití, hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové--krev, hepatitida C - antigeny--krev, viry hepatitidy, senzitivita a specificita, and lidé
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Cieľom retrospektívnej observačnej prierezovej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť prínos testovania alanínaminotransferázy (ALT) u darcov krvi a jej komponentov v prevencii prenosu hepatitíd B a C hemoterapiou v kontexte súčasných skríningových metód. Metódy: Vyhodnotené boli odbery s eleváciou ALT nad stanovený limit (muži 80 IU/l, ženy 64 IU/l, spektrofotometrický UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italia) alebo reaktivitou niektorého z virologických parametrov hepatitíd HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminiscenčná metóda, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA). Darcovia boli konfirmačne pretestovaní. Na základe definitívneho virologického statusu boli odbery rozdelené na skupiny so spoločnými biologickými vlastnosťami a štatisticky vyhodnotené v programoch Graph Pad Prism 6.05 a Microsoft Excel 2003. Výsledky: Zo 61 214 odberov sa elevácia ALT vyskytla u 420 odberov (0,69 %), aktívna HBV infekcia u 25 (0,04 %), aktívna HCV infekcia u 5 darcov krvi (0,01 %). Súčasná elevácia ALT a potvrdená HBV infekcia sa vyskytla u jedného darcu (0,002 %), rovnako ako HCV (0,002 %). Hodnoty ALT v skupine s jej eleváciou bez prítomnosti HBV alebo HCV infekcie boli vyššie ako v skupinách s aktívnymi hepatitídami B a C (p < 0,05). Nezachytili sme darcu krvi v sérologickom okne anti-HCV s eleváciou ALT. Elevácia ALT vykazovala nízku špecificitu (69,14 %) aj senzitivitu (6,45 %) pre aktívne hepatitídy. Nedokázali sme kladnú koreláciu medzi ALT a S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0,0001), ALT a S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0,1046, p = 0,0022), výsledok pri ALT a S/CO HBsAg nedosiahol štatistickú významnosť (Spearman r = -0,00968, p = 0,77). Kladná ale štatisticky nevýznamná korelácia ALT a anti-HCV bola zaznamenaná v skupine 5 darcov s aktívnou HCV infekciou (Spearman r = 0,4, p = 0,51). Skríningová schéma pre záchyt HCV infekcie anti-HCV + ALT bola na 1 odber o 0,18 € drahšia ako schéma anti-HCV + HCV RNA pre veľký počet znehodnotených odberov s izolovanou eleváciou ALT (825 TU v hodnote 41 388,89 €). Záver: Elevácia ALT u darcov nebola patognomická pre hepatitídy B a C. Skríningová schéma HCV v zložení anti-HCV + HCV RNA (metóda testovania nukleových kyselín, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) je viac cost-efektívna ako anti-HCV + ALT. Kľúčové slová: alanínaminotransferáza – hemovigilancia – hepatitída B – hepatitída C – skríning, Background: The goal of the retrospective observatory cross-sectional study was to evaluate the benefit of alanine aminotransferase screening of blood donors in prevention of hepatitis B and C transmission by haemotherapy in context of actual screening methods. Methods: Donations with elevated ALT more than the defined limit (ALT men 80 IU/l, women 64 IU/l, spectrophotometric UV test, KUADROTM, BPC BioSed Srt, Castelnuovo di Porto Roma, Italy) and/or reactivity any of the hepatitis screening parameters HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV (chemiluminescence method, ARCHITECT i2000TM, Illinois, USA) were evaluated. Donors were confirmatory retested. They were classified into groups with common biological properties according to their final virological status and statistically evaluated in programs Graph Pad Prism 6.05 and Microsoft Excel 2003. Results: From a total of 61 214 donations elevated ALT was found in 420 (0.69 %), active HBV in 25 (0.04 %), active HCV infection in 5 (0.01 %) blood donors. Coincidental elevation of ALT and active HBV infection occured in 1 donor (0.002 %), as well as HCV (0.002 %). Levels of ALT were higher in the group with elevated ALT without active HBV or HCV infection than in groups with active HCV and HCV infection (p < 0.05). Occurence of blood donor in seronegative anti-HCV window was not observed. Elevated ALT was low specific (69.14 %) and senzitive (6.45 %) for active hepatitis. We did not prove positive correlation of ALT and S/CO (signal-to-cut-off) anti-HBc (Spearman r = -0,565, p < 0.0001), ALT and S/CO anti-HCV (Spearman r = -0.1046, p = 0.0022), in ALT and S/CO HBsAg the result was not statistically significant (Spearman r = -0.00968, p = 0.77). Positive but statistically insignificant correlation ALT and S/CO anti-HCV occured in the group of 5 blood donors with active HCV infection (Spearman r = 0.4, p = 0.51). Screening scheme for HCV infection testing anti-HCV + ALT was per one donation by € 0.18 more expensive than the scheme anti-HCV + HCV RNA due to amount of waisted donations with ALT elevation (825 TU, € 41 388.89). Conclusion: Elevation of ALT in blood donors was not pathognomonic for hepatitis B and C infection. Screening of HCV consisting of anti-HCV + HCV RNA (nucleic acid testing method, COBAS AmpliScreen HCV 2.0TM, ROCHE Diagnostics, Hague Road, Indianapolis, USA) is more cost-effective than the scheme anti-HCV + ALT. Keywords: alanine aminotransferase – haemovigilance – hepatitis B – hepatitis C – screening, and Katarína Kusendová, Peter Gavorník, Peter Sabaka, Klára Sviteková
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
387. Vzťah lekára a pacienta: Niekoľko úvah nad právnou úpravou dohody o poskytovaní zdravotnej starostlivosti
- Creator:
- Zoláková, Zuzana
- Format:
- braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem, poskytování zdravotní péče--zákonodárství a právo, právní vědy, smlouvy--zákonodárství a právo, smluvní model, and dohoda o poskytování zdravotní péče
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Autorka sa v článku zaoberá vzťahom lekára a pacienta a jeho právnou úpravou v právnom poriadku Slovenskej republiky. V úvode približuje niektoré argumenty v prospech súkromnoprávneho chápania tohto vzťahu a upozorňuje na jeho špecifiká. Ďalej analyzuje právnu úpravu dohody o poskytovaní zdravotnej starostlivosti v zákone o zdravotnej starostlivosti (vznik právneho vzťahu, doba trvania právneho vzťahu a zánik právneho vzťahu) so zdôraznením výhod aplikácie zmluvného vzťahu medzi lekárom a pacientom v praxi., Author in this article deals with the problem of relationship between physician and patient and its regulation in legislation of the Slovak Republic. First she introduces some arguments for the private definition of the physician – patient relationship and underlines its specialities. Further she analyzes the regulation of health care services contract in the Healthcare and healthcare-related services Act (the creation of the legal relationship, the duration of the legal relationship and the termination of legal relationship) with the empasis on the benefits of contractual model in the medical practice., Zuzana Zoláková, and Literatura
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
388. Vzťah medzi syndrómom vyhorenia a dĺžkou praxe u sestier a pôrodných asistentiek na Slovensku
- Creator:
- Dimunová, Lucia and Rajničová, Iveta
- Format:
- braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, ženské pohlaví, dospělí, zdravotní sestry--psychologie--statistika a číselné údaje--využití, porodní asistentky--psychologie--statistika a číselné údaje--využití, ošetřovatelská péče--psychologie--statistika a číselné údaje--využití, syndrom vyhoření--etiologie--prevence a kontrola--psychologie, průzkumy a dotazníky, čas, statistika jako téma, rizikové faktory, lidé středního věku, mladý dospělý, mužské pohlaví, and zaměstnanost--statistika a číselné údaje
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Cieľ: Zámerom štúdie bolo zistiť, či dĺžka praxe ovplyvňuje mieru syndrómu vyhorenia v nami sledovanom súbore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Metódy: Zvolili sme štandardne využívaný dotazník na stanovenie miery syndrómu vyhorenia Maslach Burnout Inventory, ktorý on-line formou mohli vypĺňať sestry a pôrodné asistentky zaregistrované v Slovenskej komore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Vzorku tvorilo 844 sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Výsledky: Hlbšou analýzou sa potvrdil štatisticky významný vzťah medzi mierou syndrómu vyhorenia a dĺžkou praxe. Sestry a pôrodné asistentky pracujúce v období od 1–3 rokov a od 5 rokov majú signifi kantne vyšší výskyt syndrómu vyhorenia. Závery: Zistené výsledky môžu uplatniť najmä zamestnávatelia v oblasti prevencie syndrómu vyhorenia., Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether the length of employment aff ects the rate of burnout syndrome in nurses and midwives. Methods: In our research, we employed the standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, which was completed on-line by nurses and midwives registered in the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. The sample consisted of 844 nurses and midwives registered by the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. Results: Our results suggest signifi cant relation between the employment length and burnout syndrome. Nurses and midwives working from 1 to 3 years and more than 5 years had signifi cantly higher prevalence of burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The results of our study could be utilized by employers in the fi eld of prevention of burnout syndrome., Lucia Dimunová, Iveta Nagyová, and Literatura 18
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
389. Water infiltration in an aquifer recharge basin affected by temperature and air entrapment
- Creator:
- Loizeau, Sébastien, Rossier, Yvan, Gaudet, Jean-Paul, Refloch, Aurore, Besnard, Katia, Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, and Lassabatere, Laurent
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- aquifer recharge, unsaturated/saturated modeling, infiltration test, air entrapment, and temperature dependence
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Artificial basins are used to recharge groundwater and protect water pumping fields. In these basins, infiltration rates are monitored to detect any decrease in water infiltration in relation with clogging. However, miss-estimations of infiltration rate may result from neglecting the effects of water temperature change and air-entrapment. This study aims to investigate the effect of temperature and air entrapment on water infiltration at the basin scale by conducting successive infiltration cycles in an experimental basin of 11869 m2 in a pumping field at Crepieux-Charmy (Lyon, France). A first experiment, conducted in summer 2011, showed a strong increase in infiltration rate; which was linked to a potential increase in ground water temperature or a potential dissolution of air entrapped at the beginning of the infiltration. A second experiment was conducted in summer, to inject cold water instead of warm water, and also revealed an increase in infiltration rate. This increase was linked to air dissolution in the soil. A final experiment was conducted in spring with no temperature contrast and no entrapped air (soil initially water-saturated), revealing a constant infiltration rate. Modeling and analysis of experiments revealed that air entrapment and cold water temperature in the soil could substantially reduce infiltration rate over the first infiltration cycles, with respective effects of similar magnitude. Clearly, both water temperature change and air entrapment must be considered for an accurate assessment of the infiltration rate in basins.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
390. Water vapour adsorption on water repellent sandy soils
- Creator:
- Orfanus, Tomas, Amer, Abdel-Monem Mohamed, Jozefaciuk, Grzegorz, Fulajtar, Emil, and Čelková, Anežka
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- soil sorptivity, hydrophobization, adsorption isotherm, fractal dimension, and specific surface area
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Soil sorptivity is considered a key parameter describing early stages of water (rain) infiltration into a relatively dry soil and it is related to build-up complexity of the capillary system and soil wettability (contact angles of soil pore walls). During the last decade an increasing water repellency of sandy soils under pine forest and grassland vegetation has been frequently observed at Mlaky II location in SW Slovakia. The dry seasons result in uneven wetting of soil and up to hundredfold decrease in soil sorptivity in these vegetated soil as compared to reference sandy material, which was out of the reach of ambient vegetation and therefore readily wettable. As far as water binding to low moisture soils is governed by adsorption processes, we hypothesized that soil water repellency detected by water drop penetration test and by index of water repellency should also influence the water vapour adsorption parameters (monolayer water content, Wm, specific surface area, A, maximum adsorption water, Wa, maximum hygroscopic water MH, fractal dimension, DS and adsorption energies, Ea) derived from BET model of adsorption isotherms. We found however, that the connection of these parameters to water repellency level is difficult to interpret; nevertheless the centres with higher adsorption energy prevailed evidently in wettable materials. The water repellent forest and grassland soils reached less than 80% of the adsorption energy measured on wettable reference material. To get more conclusive results, which would not be influenced by small but still present variability of field materials, commercially available homogeneous siliceous sand was artificially hydrophobized and studied in the same way, as were the field materials. This extremely water repellent material had two-times lower surface area, very low fractal dimension (close to 2) and substantially lower adsorption energy as compared to the same siliceous sand when not hydrophobized.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public