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2. 5. medzinárodný kongres o výskume uremického syndrómu a uremickej toxicity, 7. nefrologická konferencia baltických štátov. 18.-20. mája 2007, Sopot-Gdańsk (Poľská republika)

Creator:
Mydlík, Miroslav and Derzsiová, Katarína
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
uremie and hemolyticko-uremický syndrom
Language:
Czech and Slovak
Description:
Miroslav Mydlík, Katarína Derzsiová and Lit. 2
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. A combined CFD-experimental method for abrasive erosion testing of concrete

Creator:
Messa, Gianandrea Vittorio, Branco, Renan De Lima, Filho, José Gilberto Dalfré, and Malavasi, Stefano
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
abrasive erosion, computational fluid dynamics, concrete, experiments, and two-phase flow
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Serious damage may occur to concrete hydraulic structures, such as water galleries, spillways, and stilling basins, due to the abrasive erosion caused by the presence of solid particles in the flow. This underlines the importance of being capable in providing characterization of the concrete from the point of view of its vulnerability to abrasive erosion, in order to improve the design of the structure and the material selection. Nevertheless, the existing apparatus for concrete abrasive erosion testing are either far from allowing realistic simulation of the actual environment in which this phenomenon occurs, or show a large degree of complexity and cost. An alternative method has been developed with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was first employed to verify the effectiveness of a new laboratory equipment. Afterwards, a parameter has been introduced which, by successful comparison against preliminary experiments, proved suitable to quantify the effect of the fluid dynamic conditions on the concrete abrasive erosion, thereby opening the way to CFD-based customization of the apparatus. In the future, the synergy of numerical and physical modelling will allow developing predictive models for concrete erosion, making it possible to reliably simulate real structures.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. A modified hydrodynamic model for routing unsteady flow in a river having piedmont zone

Creator:
Patowary, Sudarshan and Sarma, Arup Kumar
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
groundwater flow, numerical modeling, piedmont zone, Green-Ampt. Equation, and surface water equation
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Existence of piedmont zone in a river bed is a critical parameter from among numerous variations of topographical, geological and geographical conditions that can significantly influence the river flow scenario. Downstream flow situation assessed by routing of upstream hydrograph may yield higher flow depth if existence of such high infiltration zone is ignored and therefore it is a matter of concern for water resources planning and flood management. This work proposes a novel modified hydrodynamic model that has the potential to accurately determine the flow scenario in presence of piedmont zone. The model has been developed using unsteady free surface flow equations, coupled with Green-Ampt infiltration equation as governing equation. For solution of the governing equations Beam and Warming implicit finite difference scheme has been used. The proposed model was first validated from the field data of Trout Creek River showing excellent agreement. The validated model was then applied to a hypothetical river reach commensurate with the size of major tributaries of Brahmaputra Basin of India. Results indicated a 10% and 14% difference in the maximum value of discharge and depth hydrograph in presence and absence of piedmont zone respectively. Overall this model was successfully used to accurately predict the effect of piedmont zone on the unsteady flow in a river.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. A multi-parameter calibration method for the numerical simulation of morphodynamic problems

Creator:
Evangelista, Stefania, Giovinco, Gaspare, and Kocaman, Selahattin
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
optimization, calibration, multi-parameter, numerical models, morphodynamic models, and dike erosion
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Calibration of parameters of mathematical models is still a tough task in several engineering problems. Many of the models adopted for the numerical simulations of real phenomena, in fact, are of empirical derivation. Therefore, they include parameters which have to be calibrated in order to correctly reproduce the physical evidence. Thus, the success of a numerical model application depends on the quality of the performed calibration, which can be of great complexity, especially if the number of parameters is higher than one. Calibration is traditionally performed by engineers and researchers through manual trial-and-error procedures. However, since models themselves are increasingly sophisticated, it seems more proper to look at more advanced calibration procedures. In this work, in particular, an optimization technique for a multi-parameter calibration is applied to a two-phase depth-averaged model, already adopted in previous works to simulate morphodynamic processes, such as, for example, the dike erosion by overtopping.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. A novel fuzzy clustering approach to regionalise watersheds with an automatic determination of optimal number of clusters

Creator:
Senent-Aparicio, Javier, Soto, Jesús, Pérez-Sánchez, Julio, and Garrido, Jorge
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
fuzzy Clustering;, regionalisation, Alto Genil, hydrological homogeneity, and regional flood frequency analysis
Language:
Slovak
Description:
One of the most important problems faced in hydrology is the estimation of flood magnitudes and frequencies in ungauged basins. Hydrological regionalisation is used to transfer information from gauged watersheds to ungauged watersheds. However, to obtain reliable results, the watersheds involved must have a similar hydrological behaviour. In this study, two different clustering approaches are used and compared to identify the hydrologically homogeneous regions. Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM), which is widely used for regionalisation studies, needs the calculation of cluster validity indices in order to determine the optimal number of clusters. Fuzzy Minimals algorithm (FM), which presents an advantage compared with others fuzzy clustering algorithms, does not need to know a priori the number of clusters, so cluster validity indices are not used. Regional homogeneity test based on L-moments approach is used to check homogeneity of regions identified by both cluster analysis approaches. The validation of the FM algorithm in deriving homogeneous regions for flood frequency analysis is illustrated through its application to data from the watersheds in Alto Genil (South Spain). According to the results, FM algorithm is recommended for identifying the hydrologically homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

12. Akútna inverzia maternice: analýza 3 prípadov

Creator:
Dosedla, Erik, Frič, Dušan, Richnavský, Ján, and Lukačín, Štefan
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, dospělí, ženské pohlaví, nemoci dělohy--etiologie, inverze dělohy--diagnóza--etiologie--terapie, komplikace porodu--diagnóza--etiologie, porodní doba třetí, vedení porodu, děložní krvácení--etiologie--terapie, akutní nemoc, and placenta
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Akútna inverzia maternice je závažná pôrodnícka komplikácia, pri ktorej je perakútne ohrozený život rodičky. Pri inverzii maternice dochádza k rôznemu stupňu poklesu tela maternice. Príčinou inverzie je takmer vždy nesprávny postup vedenia III. doby pôrodnej. Okamžitou diagnostikou a neodkladnou adekvátnou liečbou sa minimalizuje materská morbidita a mortalita. Prezentujeme praktický postup riešenia tejto komplikácie, ktorý sme zostavili na základe skúseností s tromi prípadmi kompletnej inverzie maternice a literárnych údajov., Acute uterine inversion is severe obstetric and life threatening complication. As immediate consequences of uterine inversion are different degrees of uterine prolaps. The pathogenesis of uterine inversion is usually associated with an incorrect management of the third stage of labour. Immediate diagnosis and prompt action minimize maternal morbidity and mortality. We report three cases of the uterine inversion with a guideline supported with a literature review., Erik Dosedla, Dušan Frič, Ján Richnavský, Štefan Lukačín, and Lit.: 19
Rights:
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14. Akútne a chronické aortové choroby hrudníkovej a brušnej aorty u dospelých. Odporúčania Angiologickej sekcie Slovenskej lekárskej komory pre klasifikáciu a diagnózu chorôb aorty (AS SLK, 2014)

Creator:
Gavorník, Peter, Dukát, Andrej, and Gašpar, Ľudovít
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, dospělí, chronická nemoc, akutní nemoc, aorta thoracica--patofyziologie, aorta abdominalis--patofyziologie, nemoci aorty--etiologie--klasifikace--patofyziologie, aorta--fyziologie--patofyziologie, disekující aneurysma--klasifikace--patofyziologie, aortální aneurysma--etiologie--patofyziologie, and vzácné nemoci--klasifikace
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Tak, ako orgánovovaskulárne artériové ischemické choroby (srdcovocievne, cievnocievne, nervovocievne, končatinovocievne, obličkovocievne, pohlavnocievne, pľúcnocievne, črevnocievne, kostnokĺbovosvalovocievne, kožnocievne, očnocievne, ušnocievne, zubnocievne a ďalšie orgánovocievne artériové choroby), aj aortové choroby prispievajú k širokému spektru artériových chorôb: aneuryzmy aorty (AA), akútne aortové syndrómy (AAS), vrátane aortovej disekcie (AD), intramurálneho hematómu (IMH), penetrujúcej aterosklerotickej ulcerácie (PAU), ďalej traumatické poškodenie aorty (TAI), pseudoaneuryzma, ruptúra aorty, ateroskleróza, vaskulitídy, ako aj genetické choroby (napr. Turnerov syndróm, Marfanov syndróm, Ehlersov-Danlosov syndróm) a kongenitálne abnormality, vrátane koarktácie aorty (CoA). Podobne ako iné artériové choroby, aj aortové choroby môžu byť diagnostikované po dlhom časovom období subklinického vývinu alebo sa manifestujú akútne. Akútny aortový syndróm (AAS) je často prvým znakom choroby, ktorá vyžaduje rýchlu diagnózu, rýchle rozhodnutie a rýchlu akciu k zníženiu extrémne nepriaznivej prognózy. V dokumente sa analyzujú kľúčové klinicko-etiologicko-anatomicko-patofyziologické (CEAP) diagnostické aspekty aortových chorôb (projekt CIEVY)., In addition to organovascular arterial ischemic diseases (cardiovascular, vasculovascular, neurovascular, extre­mitovascular, renovascular, genitovascular, bronchopulmovascular, mesenteriovascular, osteoarthromusculovascular, dermovascular, oculovascular, otovascular, stomatovascular etc.), aortic diseases contribute to the wide spectrum of arterial diseases: aortic aneurysms (AA), acute aortic syndromes (AAS) including aortic dissection (AD), intramural haematoma (IMH), penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) and traumatic aortic injury (TAI), pseudoaneurysm, aortic rupture, atherosclerosis, vasculitis as well as genetic diseases (e.g. Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) and congenital abnormalities including the coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Similarly to other arterial diseases, aortic diseases may be diagnosed after a long period of subclinical development or they may have an acute presentation. Acute aortic syndrome is often the first sign of the disease, which needs rapid diagnosis and decisionmaking to reduce the extremely poor prognosis. Key clinical-etiology-anatomy-patophysiology (CEAP) diagnostic aspects of aortic diseases are discussed in this document (project Vessels)., and Peter Gavorník, Andrej Dukát, Ľudovít Gašpar
Rights:
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16. Algoritmus hormonálnych vyšetrení v diferenciálnej diagnostike gynekologických endokrinopatií

Creator:
Václavová, Zuzana, Payer, Juraj, and Borovský, Miroslav
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
diferenciální diagnóza--METODY, hormony--ANALÝZA, diagnostické techniky endokrinologické--METODY, nemoci endokrinního systému--DIAGNÓZA--ETIOLOGIE, algoritmy, systém hypotalamus-hypofýza, ovarium, lidé, and ženské pohlaví
Language:
Czech and Slovak
Description:
Zuzana Václavová, Miroslav Borovský, Juraj Payer and Lit: 5
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17. An alternative approach in hydrograph decomposition and separation of the baseflow

Creator:
Aguilar, Victor Manuel Salas , Gómez, Víctor Reyes, and Pellat, Fernando Paz
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
recession curve, groundwater discharge, expo-linear model, and reservoir
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The identification of the moment when direct flow ends and baseflow begins is one of the biggest challenges of hydrological cycle modeling. The objectives of this research were: to characterize the recession curves (RC) and to separate the components of the hydrograph in a compact model. The RC were extracted from time series in three subwatersheds in Mexico. An expo-linear model was adapted and fitted to the master recession curves to find the transition point of the hydrograph and separate the baseflow. The model discriminated the RC in two decreasing ratios: one linear associated to the direct flow, and one exponential linked to the baseflow. The transition point between these two flows was obtained analytically by equaling both ratios. The derivation of a model parameter allowed to find the maximum points in the hydrometric time series, which were the criterion to separate the baseflow. The application of this model is recommended in the analysis of RC with different magnitudes from the flexibility and attachment to the fundaments of exhaustion of a reservoir.
Rights:
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18. An unusual kind of diurnal streamflow variation

Creator:
Cuevas, Jaime G., Arumí, José L., Zúñiga-Feest, Alejandra, and Little, Christian
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
evapotranspiration, groundwater, riparian zones, streamflow, and swamp forests
Language:
Slovak
Description:
During hydrological research in a Chilean swamp forest, we noted a pattern of higher streamflows close to midday and lower ones close to midnight, the opposite of an evapotranspiration (Et)-driven cycle. We analyzed this diurnal streamflow signal (DSS), which appeared mid-spring (in the growing season). The end of this DSS coincided with a sustained rain event in autumn, which deeply affected stream and meteorological variables. A survey along the stream revealed that the DSS maximum and minimum values appeared 6 and 4 hours earlier, respectively, at headwaters located in the mountain forests/ plantations than at the control point in the swamp forest. Et in the swamp forest was higher in the morning and in the late afternoon, but this process could not influence the groundwater stage. Trees in the mountain headwaters reached their maximum Ets in the early morning and/or close to midday. Our results suggest that the DSS is a wave that moves from forests high in the mountains towards lowland areas, where Et is decoupled from the DSS. This signal delay seems to convert the link between streamflow and Et in an apparent, but spurious positive relationship. It also highlights the role of landscape heterogeneity in shaping hydrological processes.
Rights:
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19. Analysis of in situ water velocity distributions in the lowland river floodplain covered by grassland and reed marsh habitats - a case study of the bypass channel of Warta River (Western Poland)

Creator:
Laks, Ireneusz, Szoszkiewicz, Krzysztof, and Kałuża, Tomasz
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
floodplain vegetation, flow resistance, in situ measurements, and velocity distribution
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The analysis of in situ measurements of velocity distribution in the floodplain of the lowland river has been carried out. The survey area was located on a bypass channel of the Warta River (West of Poland) which is filled with water only in case of flood waves. The floodplain is covered by grassland and reed marsh habitats. The velocity measurements were performed with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in a cross-section with a bed reinforced with concrete slabs. The measured velocities have reflected the differentiated impact of various vegetation types on the loss of water flow energy. The statistical analyses have proven a relationship between the local velocities and the type of plant communities.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

20. Analýza obalu dát

Creator:
Novosádová, Ivana and Dlouhý, Martin
Format:
106-109
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
komplexní management jakosti--metody--trendy--využití, interpretace statistických dat, nemocnice pro chronická onemocnění--ekonomika, modely ekonometrické, financování organizované--využití, and ekonomika nemocniční
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Analýza obalu dát predstavuje užitočný model kvantitatívnej ekonomickej analýzy pre hodnotenie efektívnosti produkčných jednotiek vo verejnom sektore, pre získanie ich usporiadania a odhalenia zdrojov neefektívnosti. Možnosti analýzy obalu dát na úrovni jednotlivej LDN sme ilustrovali na príklade jednej z liečební. Výsledky, ktoré sme získali týmito analýzami, by sme mali brať ako prvotnú informáciu o efektívnosti či neefektívnosti jednotlivých zariadení. Pre prax zaujímavejšie výsledky by bolo možné získať pri hodnotení na úrovni oddelení a pri dostupnosti informácií o prípadovom mixe liečených pacientov. Ďalšou zaujímavou analýzou by mohla byť analýza vývoja efektívnosti v čase. Limitovaná dostupnosť údajov o poskytovaných službách zatiaľ neumožňuje uskutočniť porovnanie efektívnosti a kvality poskytovateľov v českom zdravotníctve., This paper deals with a non-parametric method for efficiency evaluation - data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA evaluates efficiency of production units with the help of mathematical programming by specifying the production frontier as the most pessimistic piecewise linear envelopment of the data. In case that a hospital is inefficient the method determines the sources of inefficiency and defines corresponding target values. In this study, we analyze the sample of Czech long-term hospitals in 2005., Ivana Novosádová, Martin Dlouhý, and Lit.: 4
Rights:
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21. Annual and seasonal discharge prediction in the middle Danube River basin based on a modified TIPS (Tendency, Intermittency, Periodicity, Stochasticity) methodology

Creator:
Stojković, Milan, Plavšić, Jasna, and Prohaska, Stevan
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
stochastic modelling, annual and seasonal hydrological predictions, TIPS method, and The middle Danube River basin
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The short-term predictions of annual and seasonal discharge derived by a modified TIPS (Tendency, Intermittency, Periodicity and Stochasticity) methodology are presented in this paper. The TIPS method (Yevjevich, 1984) is modified in such a way that annual time scale is used instead of daily. The reason of extracting a seasonal component from discharge time series represents an attempt to identify the long-term stochastic behaviour. The methodology is applied for modelling annual discharges at six gauging stations in the middle Danube River basin using the observed data in the common period from 1931 to 2012. The model performance measures suggest that the modelled time series are matched reasonably well. The model is then used for the short-time predictions for three annual step ahead (2013–2015). The annual discharge predictions of larger river basins for moderate hydrological conditions show reasonable matching with records expressed as the relative error from –8% to +3%. Irrespective of this, wet and dry periods for the aforementioned river basins show significant departures from annual observations. Also, the smaller river basins display greater deviations up to 26% of the observed annual discharges, whereas the accuracy of annual predictions do not strictly depend on the prevailing hydrological conditions.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

23. Antiangiogénna terapia v onkológii

Creator:
Kružliak, Peter, Benkovičová, Jana, and Šlapák, Ján
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, patologická angiogeneze--terapie, and inhibitory angiogeneze--farmakokinetika--škodlivé účinky
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
V súčasnosti jednu z nových vzrušujúcich perspektív v onkológii predstavuje antiangiogénna liečba. Ide o liečbu zameranú na potlačenie uvoľňovania proangiogénnych faktorov, ktoré sa produkujú v bunke alebo voči receptorom pre angiogénne faktory na bunkách endotelu. Tento článok vysvetľuje princípy a aktuálne otázky antiangiogénnej terapie., Antiangiogenic therapy currently represents one of the new exciting prospects in oncology. It is a treatment that is focused on suppression of the release of proangiogenic factors produced in the cell or directed against the receptors for angiogenic factors on endothelial cells. This paper explains the principles and current issues of antiangiogenic therapy., Peter Kružliak, Jana Benkovičová, Ján Šlapák, and Lit.: 9
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

25. Application and recalibration of soil water retention pedotransfer functions in a tropical upstream catchment: case study in Bengawan Solo, Indonesia

Creator:
Rustanto, Andry, J. Booij, Martijn, Wösten, Henk, and Y. Hoekstra, Arjen
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
soil-water retention, pedotransfer function recalibration, tropical upstream catchment, and Java Island
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Hydrological models often require input data on soil-water retention (SWR), but obtaining such data is laborious and costly so that SWR in many places remains unknown. To fill the gap, a prediction of SWR using a pedotransfer function (PTF) is one of the alternatives. This study aims to select the most suitable existing PTFs in order to predict SWR for the case of the upper Bengawan Solo (UBS) catchment on Java, Indonesia. Ten point PTFs and two continuous PTFs, which were developed from tropical soils elsewhere, have been applied directly and recalibrated based on a small soil sample set in UBS. Scatter plots and statistical indices of mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), model efficiency (EF) and Pearson’s correlation (r) showed that recalibration using the Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) algorithm can help to improve the prediction of PTFs significantly compared to direct application of PTFs. This study is the first showing that improving SWR-PTFs by recalibration for a new catchment based on around 50 soil samples provides an effective parsimonious alternative to developing a SWR-PTF from specifically collected soil datasets, which typically needs around 100 soil samples or more.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

26. Application of minidisk infiltrometer to estimate water repellency in Mediterranean pine forest soils

Creator:
Alagna, Vincenzo, Iovino, Massimo, Bagarello, Vincenzo, Mataix-Solera, Jorge, and Lichner, Ľubomír
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
pine forest, soil water repellency, minidisk infiltrometer, and modified repellency index
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Assessment of soil water repellency (SWR) was conducted in the decomposed organic floor layer (duff) and in the mineral soil layer of two Mediterranean pine forests, one in Italy and the other in Spain, by the widely-used water drop penetration time (WDPT) test and alternative indices derived from infiltration experiments carried out by the minidisk infiltrometer (MDI). In particular, the repellency index (RI) was calculated as the adjusted ratio between ethanol and water soil sorptivities whereas the water repellency cessation time (WRCT) and the specifically proposed modified repellency index (RIm) were derived from the hydrophobic and wettable stages of a single water infiltration experiment. Time evolution of SWR and vegetation cover influence was also investigated at the Italian site. All indices unanimously detected severe SWR conditions in the duff of the pine forests. The mineral subsoils in the two forests showed different wettability and the clay-loam subsoil at Ciavolo forest was hydrophobic even if characterized by organic matter (OM) content similar to the wettable soil of an adjacent glade. It was therefore assumed that the composition rather than the total amount of OM influenced SWR. The hydraulic conductivity of the duff differed by a factor of 3.8– 5.8 between the two forested sites thus influencing the vertical extent of SWR. Indeed, the mineral subsoil of Javea showed wettable or weak hydrophobic conditions probably because leaching of hydrophobic compounds was slowed or prevented at all. Estimations of SWR according to the different indices were in general agreement even if some discrepancies were observed. In particular, at low hydrophobicity levels the SWR indices gathered from the MDI tests were able to signal sub-critical SWR conditions that were not detected by the traditional WDPT index. The WRCT and modified repellency index RIm yielded SWR estimates in reasonable agreement with those obtained with the more cumbersome RI test and, therefore, can be proposed as alternative procedures for SWR assessment.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

27. Artériová hypertenzia – viacnásobný cievny bludný kruh

Creator:
Gavorník, Peter, Dukát, Andrej, Gašpar, Ľudovít, Hučková, Naďa, Slezáková, Laura, Kusendová, Katarína, Gubová, Gabriela, Medová, Denisa, Faktorová, Xénia, and Gavorníková, Eva
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, hypertenze--diagnóza--etiologie--farmakoterapie--klasifikace, měření krevního tlaku--metody--přístrojové vybavení, renovaskulární hypertenze--etiologie, hypertenze indukovaná těhotenstvím--patofyziologie, syndromy spánkové apnoe--komplikace, endotel cévní--patofyziologie, nemoci cév--patofyziologie, antihypertenzíva--terapeutické užití, fixní kombinace léků, and endoteliální dysfunkce
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Cieľ: Úlohou tejto prehľadovej práce o diagnóze a manažmente artériovej hypertenzie je zamerať sa na dokumenty a štúdie o hypertenzii publikované v ostatných rokoch s cieľom určiť ich príspevok k rozšíreniu našich vedomostí o artériovej hypertenzii v klinickej praxi. Diskusia: Artériovú hypertenziu nedefinujú príznaky a znaky, ale čísla hodnôt krvného tlaku. Artériová hypertenzia je cievna choroba (vaskulárny rizikový faktor) viacerých cievnych chorôb (ateroskleróza; arterioloskleróza/arteriolonekróza/arteriolokalcinóza; artériová trombóza; artériová embólia; artériová tromboembólia; artériová disekcia; komplikovaná artériová aneuryzma) a iné. Záver: Artériová hypertenzia je príčinou i následkom funkčného (dysfunkcia endotelu) i štruktúrneho vaskulárneho a orgánového poškodenia (multiorgánovomultivaskulárna choroba). Cievy sú páchateľkami, nástrojmi i obeťami artériovej hypertenzie a orgánovocievnych artériových chorôb. Kľúčové slová: angiológia/vaskulárna medicína – artériová hypertenzia – cievne choroby – cievy – interná medicína – orgánovovaskulárne artériové choroby, Aim: The aim of this review is to address documents and a number of studies on hypertension published in the last years in order to assess their contribution to our expanding knowledge of arterial hypertension. Discussion: Arterial hypertension is not defined by symptoms and signs but by numbers of blood pressure values. Arterial hypertension is vascular disease (vascular risk factor) of many vascular diseases (atherosclerosis; arteriolosclerosis/arteriolonecrosis/arteriolocalcinosis; arterial thrombosis; arterial embolism; arterial thromboembolism; arterial dissection; complicated arterial aneurysm) and other. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is cause and consequence of functional (endothelial dysfunction) and of structural organovascular injury (multiorganomultivascular disease). Blood vessels are culprits, implements and victims of arterial hypertension and of organovascular arterial diseases. Key words: angiology/vascular medicine – arterial hypertension – blood vessels – internal medicine – organovascular arterial diseases – vascular, and Peter Gavorník, Andrej Dukát, Ľudovít Gašpar, Naďa Hučková, Laura Slezáková, Katarína Kusendová, Gabriela Gubo, Denisa Medová, Xénia Faktorová, Eva Gavorníková
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

28. Asymptomatická hyperurikémia a metabolický syndróm u mladistvých

Creator:
Koborová, Ivana, Gurecká, Radana, Hlavatá, Anna, and Šebeková, Katarína
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
dítě, lidé, mladiství, kyselina močová--krev--metabolismus, fruktosa--metabolismus, hyperurikemie--etiologie--krev, metabolický syndrom--diagnóza--krev, obezita, index tělesné hmotnosti, and inzulinová rezistence
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Kyselina močová je u človeka biologicky aktívny koncový produkt metabolizmu purínov. Zvýšené koncentrácie kyseliny močovej sprevádzajú metabolický syndróm a jeho komponenty už u detí a mladistvých. K hyperurikémii prispieva konzumácia nápojov prisládzaných fruktózou, nakoľko je jediným sacharidom, pri ktorého metabolizme vzniká kyselina močová. Súčasné vedomosti neumožňujú odlíšiť, či je hyperurikémia kauzálnou príčinou komponentov metabolického syndrómu, alebo len sprievodným znakom naznačujúcim zvýšené riziko vzniku kardiovaskulárnych ochorení. V súčasnosti neexistuje konsenzus či a ako liečiť asymptomatickú hyperurikémiu u detí a mladistvých. Zaujať zásadný postoj k týmto otázkam umožnia len výsledky randomizovaných kontrolovaných prospektívnych štúdií, ktoré poskytnú dôkazy o prospešných účinkoch tejto liečby na prevalenciu metabolického syndrómu a incidenciu kardiovaskulárnych chorôb., In humans, uric acid represents a biologically active end-product of purine nucleotides. Several studies in children and adolescents documented an association between hyperuricaemia and the components metabolic syndrome. High intake of fructose-sweetened beverages might increase uricaemia, since fructose is the only saccharide which metabolism results in the formation of uric acid. Current knowledge does not allow distinguishing whether hyperuricaemia is causally related to the components of metabolic syndrome, or rather represents a marker of an enhanced risk, and poor outcome. No guidelines exist whether or not to treat asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in the adolescents. Randomized controlled prospective clinical studies are needed to elucidate whether uric acid-lowering management would beneficially affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease., and Ivana Koborová, Radana Gurecká, Anna Hlavatá, Katarína Šebeková
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30. Bedform characteristics in a gravel-bed river

Creator:
Afzalimehr, Hossein, Maddahi, Mohammad Reza, and Sui, Jueyi
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
bedform characteristics, gravel-bed river, field measurements, and form friction factor
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Estimation of hydraulic and geometric parameters of a gravel-bed river such as dimensions of bedforms is very difficult task, although they play a fundamental role in river engineering projects. One of the methods to get essential information regarding the bedform characteristics is to find the relations between the flow parameters and bedform dimensions. We conducted this field study in the Babolroud River in northern Iran to investigate the application of double averaged method in unspecific gravel bedforms to evaluate friction factor. Using data collected from several river reaches with total length of 356 m of a gravel-bed river, the relationship between bedform geometry (height and the length of bedforms) and flow parameters including shear velocity, transport stage parameter with friction factor is investigated. Different methods for estimating bedforms dimensions are examined to assess the ability of predicting bedform parameters (length and height) in a gravel-bed river. Using bedform parameters, the contribution of particle and form friction is estimated. Results confirm the application of the double averaged method and existing bedform parameters for unspecific bedforms. There exists a similar trend between aspect ratio and friction factor in gravel bedforms.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

32. Biologická liečba chronickej myelocytovej leukémie

Creator:
Tóthová, Elena and Kafková, Adriana
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika--patofyziologie, chronická fáze myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika, chronická myeloidní leukemie--farmakoterapie--genetika, léková rezistence, protein-tyrosinkinasy--antagonisté a inhibitory--terapeutické užití, inhibitory proteinkinázy, antitumorózní látky--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, piperaziny--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, pyrimidiny--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, radioizotopy fluoru--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, thiazoly--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, mutace, prognóza, bcr-abl fúzové proteiny--genetika, rozvrh dávkování léků, imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Významný úspech liečby s inhibítormi tyrozínkinázy (TKI) u chorých s Philadelphia chromozóm (Ph) pozitívnou chronickou myelocytovou leukémiou (CML) dramaticky zmenil prognózu tohto ochorenia. Aj napriek tomu, že prvolíniová liečba CML použitím imatinibu znamená významný benefit pre väčšinu chorých, ukazuje sa, že 25–35 % pacientov potrebuje v priebehu 5 rokov zmenu liečby z dôvodu rezistencie alebo zlyhania liečby. Najčastejším mechanizmom zodpovedným za rezistenciu proti imatinibu u pacientov s CML je rozvoj mutácií v BCR-ABL kinázovej doméne. Tieto mutácie vyvolávajú rôznu mieru rezistencie proti imatinibu a zatiaľ čo niektoré z nich môžu reagovať na zvýšené dávky imatinibu, iné sú rezistentné proti nilotinibu a ďalšie vykazujú zvýšenú mieru rezistencie proti dasatinibu. Práca je prehľad liečebných možností v primárnej liečbe chronickej fázy CML a pri jej zlyhaní. Ukazuje sa, že pokroky v molekulových metódach umožňujú lepšie porozumieť podstatu choroby, zvážiť benefit a riziko terapie, individualizovať terapeutický prístup a prispôsobiť liečbu CML včas tak, aby sa minimalizovalo riziko progresie do akcelerovaných fáz., The phenomenal success of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) – positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has dramatically changed the prognosis of this disease. Despite the fact that first-line therapy of CML using imatinib represents revolutionized the treatment of this disease, it became clear that during 5 years 25–35 % of the patients require change in the therapy due to the development of imatinib resistance or failure. The most frequent mechanism responsible for imatinib resistance is development of mutation in BCR-ABL kinase domain. Mutations cause different level of imatinib resistance and while some of them can be overcome by increased dose of imatinib, others seem to be resistant to nilotinib and others are more resistant to dasatinib. This review is focused on primary treatment and treatment after imatinib failure. It has been shown recently that advances in molecular methods enable to better understand disease itself, weight benefit to risk ratio of the therapy, individualize therapeutic approach and eventually adjust CML therapy earlier in order to minimize the risk of CML progression to accelerated phase. resistance, new drugs., Elena Tóthová, Adriana Kafková, and Literatura 28
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

33. Biologická liečba u seniorov

Creator:
Wagnerová, Mária
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, staří, staří nad 80 let, biologická terapie--metody--škodlivé účinky--trendy, nádory--farmakoterapie--terapie, kolorektální nádory--terapie, bronchogenní karcinom--farmakoterapie, nádory prsu--farmakoterapie, monoklonální protilátky, and protein-tyrosinkinasy--antagonisté a inhibitory
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Viac ako 50 % pacientov s malignitami je diagnostikovaných vo veku nad 65 rokov. Malígne ochorenia u seniorov predstavujú často náročné medicínske a psychosociálne problémy, ktoré ovplyvňujú možnosť optimálnej liečby. Títo pacienti bývajú často nedostatočne liečení. Navyše sú veľmi často vylúčení z účasti v klinických štúdiách, čo tiež neprispieva k náležitej stratégii liečby. Pre úspešne zvládnutie týchto ochorení je bezpodmienečne nutná náležitá stratégia a taktika liečby založená na znalosti rozsahu ochorenia, fyziologických rezerv, predpokladaného života pacientov, ale tiež analýzy nákladov a prínosu liečby., More than 50 % of cases of cancer are diagnosed in patients older than age 65. Elderly patients with cancer often present with medical and physiological challenges that make the selection of their optimal treatment daunting. Unfortunately as a result, these patients are often undertreated. Elderly are often excluded from participation in clinical trials and receive untested or inadeguate treatment. Targeted therapy, characterized by a low toxicity profile, are potential treatment option for elderly patients. The key of successful management is to define appropriate goals (cure or palliation) based on the natural history and extent of disease, physiology and life expectancy of the patients, and cost benefit ratio of treatment options., Mária Wagnerová, and Lit.: 34
Rights:
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35. Biopsia kostnej drene pri myeloproliferatívnych neopláziách – potreba či prežitok?

Creator:
Marcinek, Juraj, Burjanivová, Tatiana, and Plank, Lukáš
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
financování organizované, lidé, leukemie myeloidní chronická atypická BCR-ABL-negativní--diagnóza--patologie, myeloproliferativní poruchy--diagnóza--patologie, primární myelofibróza--diagnóza--patologie, polycythemia vera--diagnóza--patologie, esenciální trombocytemie--diagnóza--patologie, diferenciální diagnóza, histologické techniky--využití, megakaryocyty--patologie, hematologie, biopsie--využití, kostní dřeň--patologie, and vyšetřování kostní dřeně
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Klasifikácia SZO (2008) je jediná celosvetovo akceptovaná a v praxi používaná klasifikácia nádorových ochorení kostnej drene (KD), ktorá definuje aj postavenie a význam biopsie KD v diagnostickom algoritme. Myeloproliferatívne neoplázie (MPN) tvoria pestrú skupinu ochorení s variabilne dynamickým rozvojom z počiatočných štádií, cez štádiá s plno rozvinutou klinicko-laboratórnou manifestáciou až do pokročilých štádií – fibrotickej, resp. blastovej transformácie, sprevádzaných zmenami morfológie a laboratórneho obrazu. V počiatočných štádiách je určenie typu MPN len na základe klinicko-laboratórnych údajov pre podobnosť ich klinickej manifestácie nespoľahlivé. Dôkaz pre MPN typických genetických mutácií potvrdzuje klonalitu ochorenia, ale jeho typizačný význam je limitovaný. Naopak, bioptické vyšetrenie KD v kontexte dostatočných klinických informácií, výsledkov laboratórnych vyšetrení a s podporou genetických vyšetrení umožňuje okrem potvrdenia MPN aj bližšiu typizáciu, ktorá je prognosticky relevantná a ovplyvňuje aj voľbu terapie. Zároveň umožňuje odlíšenie reaktívnych zmien hemopoézy, zhodnotenie prognosticky významných morfologických znakov (stupeň myelofibrózy, množstvo blastov) a sledovanie progresie ochorenia do fibrotickej, resp. blastovej transformácie. V týchto pokročilých štádiách a po terapii nie je však typizácia MPN len na základe morfológie KD možná. Výpovedná hodnota biopsie závisí od kvality a kvantity vzorky drene, hodnotenie morfológie KD závisí aj od vedomostí a skúseností vyšetrujúceho patológa., WHO classification (2008) is the only world-wide accepted and in routine praxis used classification of bone marrow (BM) neoplasms defining also the importance of BM biopsy within the diagnostic algorithm. Myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPN) represent a heterogenous group of disorders with variable dynamic transformational potential from initial into advanced stages such as blast crisis or myelofibrotic transformation. Because of similar manifestations, the typing of MPN in their initial stages based on clinical and laboratory parameters is not optimal. The finding of MPN-typical genetic mutations proves the disease clonality, but not a diagnosis of individual MPN types. In contrast, the BM biopsy verifies both the diagnosis and MPN type. It helps also to discriminate MPN from reactive hematopoietic changes, to evaluate prognostically relevant BM features (e.g. grade of myelofibrosis, blasts number) and the follow-up to terminal stages. However, the MPN typing in terminal and posttherapeutical stages based on morphology alone is not sufficient. The diagnostic value of BM biopsy depends on specimen´s quality, the objectivity of BM morphology evaluation depends on pathologist´s training and experiences. A correct BM biopsy interpretation should be done within the context of sufficient clinical and laboratory data and with support of genetical analyses. myelofibrosis, bone marrow biopsy., Juraj Marcinek, Tatiana Burjanivová, Lukáš Plank, and Literatura 28
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

36. Bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresia a sociálna interakcia u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou

Creator:
Sováriová Soósová, Mária, Suchanová, Renáta, and Tirpáková, Libuša
Format:
239-247, braille, electronic resource, remote, and elektronický zdroj
Type:
model:article, article, Text, statistics, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, staří--fyziologie--psychologie, geriatrické ošetřovatelství--metody, bolest--diagnóza--etiologie--psychologie, deprese--diagnóza--etiologie, sociální izolace--psychologie, revmatoidní artritida--komplikace--psychologie, distribuce podle pohlaví, mužské pohlaví, ženské pohlaví, statistika jako téma, průzkumy a dotazníky, sociální prostředí, staří nad 80 let, stupeň závažnosti nemoci, and kvalita života
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo posúdiť bolesť, funkčný stav, úzkosť, depresiu, sociálne aktivity a sociálnu oporu u seniorov s reumatoidnou artritídou (RA) a ich vzájomné vzťahy, posúdiť možné rozdiely vzhľadom na pohlavie, rodinný stav, vek, trvanie ochorenia a komorbiditu. Metódy: U 60 seniorov s RA bola posudzovaná intenzita bolesti vizuálnou analógovou škálou (VAS), funkčná disabilita Stanfordským dotazníkom hodnotiacim zdravie indexom disability (HAQ-DI), úzkosť Beckovým inventárom úzkosti (BAI), depresia Zungovým sebahodnotiacim dotazníkom depresie (SDS) a sociálna interakcia škálou sociálnych aktivít (SA) a sociálnej opory (SO) nástroja Škály merania vplyvu chorôb kĺbov 2 (AIMS2). Výsledky: U seniorov s RA bolo zistené pociťovanie priemerne silnej bolesti, stredná až ťažká funkčná disabilita, prežívanie stredne silnej úzkosti a depresie, obmedzovanie v spoločenských aktivitách. Vo vnímaní sociálnej opory bolo zistené najlepšie skóre. Medzi sledovanými premennými boli Pearsonovou koreláciou zistené väčšinou signifikantné (P ≤ 0,05) kladné slabé až silné vzťahy. Medzi pohlaviami neboli zaznamenané rozdiely. Horšie skóre (P ≤ 0,05) bolo zistené v oblasti prežívania úzkosti a vo vnímanej sociálnej opore u osamelo žijúcich seniorov oproti seniorom žijúcim v manželskom zväzku. Štatisticky významný pozitívny vzťah (P ≤ 0,05) sa potvrdil medzi vekom a prežívaním úzkosti, medzi trvaním ochorenia a depresiou, medzi komorbiditou a funkčným stavom a depresiou. Záver: Ako naznačujú výsledky, prioritou v starostlivosti o túto skupinu seniorov by nemalo byť iba zmierňovanie bolesti a zlepšovanie/udržiavanie funkčných schopností, ale aj redukcia úzkosti a depresie, a to o to viac, čím sú seniori starší, čím u nich trvá ochorenie dlhšie, s komorbiditou a tiež u osamelo žijúcich., Aim: The aim of this study was to assess pain, functional status, anxiety, depression, social activity, and social support and their interactions in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess possible differences by gender, marital status, age, duration of disease, and co-morbidity. Methods: Pain intensity was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional disability by the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire – Disability Index (HAQ-DI), anxiety by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), depression by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), social activity by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with scale of Social Activity (SA), and social support (SO) by AIMS2 with scale Support from family and friend in 60 elderly with RA. Results: There were found average strong pain, moderate to severe functional disability, moderate anxiety and moderate-to-marked depression, and limitation in social activity in elderly with RA. The best score was found in scale of social support. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mild to severe relations were confirmed between explored objectives by Pearson’s correlations. Between genders no significant differences were recorded. Worse score (p ≤ 0.05) was detected in anxiety and social support in elderly living alone compared to married elderly. Between age and anxiety, duration of disease and depression, co-morbidity and functional disability, and depression were confirmed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationships. Conclusion: According to results, not only pain reduction and improving/maintaining of functional status is the priority of care in elderly with RA, but also reduction of anxiety and depression is important, mainly in older, with longer duration of disease, co-morbidity and also for elderly living alone., Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

37. Budgeting suspended sediment fluxes in tropical monsoonal watersheds with limited data: the Lake Tana basin

Creator:
Zimale, Fasikaw A., Moges, Mamaru A., Alemu, Muluken L., Ayana, Essayas K., Demissie, Solomon S., Tilahun, Seifu A., and Steenhuis, Tammo S.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
erosion, saturation excess, hydrology, discharge, flood plain, Ethiopia, East Africa, and Horn of Africa
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Soil erosion decreases soil fertility of the uplands and causes siltation of lakes and reservoirs; the lakes and reservoirs in tropical monsoonal African highlands are especially affected by sedimentation. Efforts in reducing loads by designing management practices are hampered by lack of quantitative data on the relationship of erosion in the watersheds and sediment accumulation on flood plains, lakes and reservoirs. The objective of this study is to develop a prototype quantitative method for estimating sediment budget for tropical monsoon lakes with limited observational data. Four watersheds in the Lake Tana basin were selected for this study. The Parameter Efficient Distributed (PED) model that has shown to perform well in the Ethiopian highlands is used to overcome the data limitations and recreate the missing sediment fluxes. PED model parameters are calibrated using daily discharge data and the occasionally collected sediment concentration when establishing the sediment rating curves for the major rivers. The calibrated model parameters are then used to predict the sediment budget for the 1994–2009 period. Sediment retained in the lake is determined from two bathymetric surveys taken 20 years apart whereas the sediment leaving the lake is calculated based on measured discharge and observed sediment concentrations. Results show that annually on average 34 t/ha/year of sediment is removed from the gauged part of the Lake Tana watersheds. Depending on the up-scaling method from the gauged to the ungauged part, 21 to 32 t/ha/year (equivalent to 24–38 Mt/year) is transported from the upland watersheds of which 46% to 65% is retained in the flood plains and 93% to 96% is trapped on the flood plains and in the lake. Thus, only 4–7% of all sediment produced in the watersheds leaves the Lake Tana Basin.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

38. Can a change in cropping patterns produce water savings and social gains: A case study from the Fergana Valley, Central Asia

Creator:
Karimov, Akmal Kh., Hanjra, Munir A., Šimůnek, Jiří, and Abdurakhmannov, Botir
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
HYDRUS-1D, food security, crop evapotranspiration, water budget, and Syrdarya River
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The study examines possible water savings by replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley, located upstream of the Syrdarya River in Central Asia. Agricultural reforms since the 1990s have promoted this change in cropping patterns in the Central Asian states to enhance food security and social benefits. The water use of alfalfa, winter wheat/fallow, and winter wheat/green gram (double cropping) systems is compared for high-deficit, low-deficit, and full irrigation scenarios using hydrological modeling with the HYDRUS-1D software package. Modeling results indicate that replacing alfalfa with winter wheat in the Fergana Valley released significant water resources, mainly by reducing productive crop transpiration when abandoning alfalfa in favor of alternative cropping systems. However, the winter wheat/fallow cropping system caused high evaporation losses from fallow land after harvesting of winter wheat. Double cropping (i.e., the cultivation of green gram as a short duration summer crop after winter wheat harvesting) reduced evaporation losses, enhanced crop output and hence food security, while generating water savings that make more water available for other productive uses. Beyond water savings, this paper also discusses the economic and social gains that double cropping produces for the public within a broader developmental context.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

39. Canopy structure and topography effects on snow distribution at a catchment scale: Application of multivariate approaches

Creator:
Jenicek, Michal, Pevna, Hana, and Matejka, Ondrej
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
snowpack distribution, canopy structure, leaf area index, degree-day, and dark beetle
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The knowledge of snowpack distribution at a catchment scale is important to predict the snowmelt runoff. The objective of this study is to select and quantify the most important factors governing the snowpack distribution, with special interest in the role of different canopy structure. We applied a simple distributed sampling design with measurement of snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) at a catchment scale. We selected eleven predictors related to character of specific localities (such as elevation, slope orientation and leaf area index) and to winter meteorological conditions (such as irradiance, sum of positive air temperature and sum of new snow depth). The forest canopy structure was described using parameters calculated from hemispherical photographs. A degree-day approach was used to calculate melt factors. Principal component analysis, cluster analysis and Spearman rank correlation were applied to reduce the number of predictors and to analyze measured data. The SWE in forest sites was by 40% lower than in open areas, but this value depended on the canopy structure. The snow ablation in large openings was on average almost two times faster compared to forest sites. The snow ablation in the forest was by 18% faster after forest defoliation (due to the bark beetle). The results from multivariate analyses showed that the leaf area index was a better predictor to explain the SWE distribution during accumulation period, while irradiance was better predictor during snowmelt period. Despite some uncertainty, parameters derived from hemispherical photographs may replace measured incoming solar radiation if this meteorological variable is not available.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

40. Celiakia - častá príčina "idiopatickej osteoporózy" premenopauzálnych a včasne postmenopauzálnych žien

Creator:
Kubincová, Ľudmila, Payer, Juraj, Mačugová, Ivana, Beráková, K., and Killinger, Zdenko
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
premenopauza, osteoporóza--diagnóza--etiologie, postmenopauzální osteoporóza--diagnóza--etiologie, celiakie--diagnóza--klasifikace--komplikace, biologické markery--krev, plošný screening, gliadin--imunologie, autoprotilátky, diferenciální diagnóza, lidé, and ženské pohlaví
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Ľudmila Kubincová, J. Payer, Z. Killinger, I. Mačugová, Katarína Beráková and Lit.: 26
Rights:
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42. Chemoterapia pokročilého karcinómu žalúdka – potrebujeme nový liek?

Creator:
Šálek, Tomáš
Format:
braille, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
Subject:
výsledek terapie, statistika jako téma, lidé, chemoterapie adjuvantní--metody--trendy, nádory žaludku--farmakoterapie--terapie, sloučeniny platiny--aplikace a dávkování--farmakologie--terapeutické užití, ftorafur--aplikace a dávkování--farmakologie--terapeutické užití, dihydrouracildehydrogenasa (NADP)--antagonisté a inhibitory--aplikace a dávkování--farmakologie--terapeutické užití, and Teysuno
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Karcinóm žalúdka je smrteľná choroba a je stále druhá najčastejšia príčina úmrtí na rakovinu na celom svete. Chirurgický zákrok s kompletnou resekciou tumoru, ktorá má kuratívny potenciál, zostáva hlavnou terapiou pre skoré štádiá. Bohužiaľ, väčšina pacientov s rakovinou žalúdka je diagnostikovaná v pokročilom štádiu, čím paliatívna systémová liečba zostáva jedinou liečebnou možnosťou. Najčastejšia kombinácia chemoterapie ako liečby prvej línie na liečbu pokročilého karcinómu žalúdka (PKŽ) zahŕňa zlúčeniny platiny a fluoropyrimidínov. Fluoropyrimidíny sú chrbtovou kosťou chemoterapeutických režimov pre liečbu karcinómu žalúdka. Teysuno® (S-1) je perorálny štvrtogeneračný fluoropyrimidín, v ktorom sa kombinuje tegafur, čo je prekurzor 5-fluorouracilu (5-FU) a dva biochemické modulátory: (1) 5-chlór-2,4-dihydroxypyridín, čo je silný, ale reverzibilný inhibítor dihydropyrimidíndehydrogenázy, ktorá bráni degradácii 5-FU, a (2), oxonát draselný, ktorý znižuje gastrointestinálnu (GI) toxicitu inhibíciou 5-FU fosforylácie v gastrointestinálnej sliznici. Teysuno® (S-1) ako monoterapia je štandard na adjuvantnú liečbu resekovaného karcinómu žalúdka v Japonsku a v kombinácii s cisplatinou v pokročilom ochorení na základe úrovne 1 dôkazu v klinických štúdiách fázy III. S-1 je teraz široko dostupný a bol schválený v európskych krajinách pod obchodným názvom Teysuno® ako liečba prvej línie pri PKŽ. S-1 je všeobecne dobre znášaný a vykazuje nízky toxický profil. Je to nový liek, ktorý poskytuje výhodu pohodlného a bezpečného perorálneho podávania proti intravenóznemu fluoropyrimidínu v PKŽ., Gastric cancer is a lethal disease and continues to be the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgical resection remains the main treatment for early stages with complete resection having the potential for a cure. Unfortunately, most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed in advanced stages, rendering palliative systemic therapy as the only choice of treatment. The most common chemotherapy combination as a first-line treatment in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) includes a platinum compound and fluoropyrimidine. Fluoropyrimidines have been the backbone in the chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of gastric cancer. Teysuno® (S-1) is a peroral fourth-generation fluoropyrimidine that combines tegafur, which is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and two biochemical modulators: 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, a powerful but reversible inhibitor of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase that prevents 5-FU degradation, and potassium oxonate, which reduces gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity by inhibition of 5-FU phosphorylation in the GI mucosa. Teysuno® (S-1) is considered, as a single agent as the standard of care in Japan for the adjuvant treatment of resected gastric cancer and in combination with cisplatin in the advanced setting based on level 1 evidence in Phase III trials. S-1 is now widely available and has been approved in European countries with trade name Teysuno® as a first-line treatment for AGC. S-1 is generally well tolerated with a low toxicity profile. It is a novel agent that provides a convenient and safe peroral advantage over intravenous fluoropyrimidine in AGC., Tomáš Šálek, and Literatura
Rights:
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43. Choroby aorty – diagnostika, klasifikácia a princípy manažmentu

Creator:
Gavorník, Peter, Dukát, Andrej, Gašpar, Ľudovít, Medová, D., and Čaprnda, Martin
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, nemoci aorty--diagnóza--klasifikace--patofyziologie, aortální aneurysma--etiologie--diagnóza--patofyziologie, disekující aneurysma--etiologie--patofyziologie, aorta thoracica, aorta abdominalis, aorta--anatomie a histologie--fyziologie--patofyziologie, vzácné nemoci, genetické nemoci vrozené, srpkovitá anemie--etiologie--patofyziologie, and Fabryho nemoc--etiologie--patofyziologie
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Tak ako orgánovovaskulárne artériové ischemické choroby (srdcovocievne, cievnocievne, nervovocievne, končatinovocievne, obličkovocievne, pohlavno­cievne, pľúcnocievne, črevnocievne, kostnokĺbovosvalovocievne, kožnocievne, očnocievne, ušnocievne, zubnocievne a ďalšie orgánovocievne artériové choroby) aj aortové choroby prispievajú k širokému spektru artériových chorôb: aneuryzmy aorty, akútne aortové syndrómy vrátane aortovej disekcie, intramurálneho hematómu, penetrujúcej aterosklerotickej ulcerácie, ďalej traumatické poškodenie aorty, pseudoaneuryzma, ruptúra aorty, ateroskleróza, vaskulitídy, ako aj genetické choroby (napr. Turnerov syndróm, Marfanov syndróm, Ehlersov‑Danlosov syndróm) a kongenitálne abnormality vrátane koarktácie aorty. Podobne ako iné artériové choroby, aj aortové choroby môžu byť dia­gnostikované po dlhom časovom období subklinického vývinu alebo sa manifestujú akútne. Akútny aortový syndróm je často prvým znakom choroby, ktorá vyžaduje rýchlu dia­gnózu, rýchle rozhodnutie a rýchlu akciu k zníženiu extrémne nepriaznivej prognózy. V dokumente sa analyzujú kľúčové klinicko‑etiologicko‑anatomicko‑patofyziologické dia­gnostické aspekty, klasifikácia a princípy manažmentu aortových chorôb (projekt CIEVY)., In addition to organovascular arterial ischemic diseases (cardiovascular, angiovascular, neurovascular, limbovascular, renovascular, genitovascular, bronchopulmonarovascular, mesenteriointestinokolonovascular, osteoarthromusculovascular, dermovascular, oculovascular, otovascular, stomatovascular, etc.), aortic diseases contribute to the wide spectrum of arterial diseases: aortic aneurysms (AA), acute aortic syndromes (AAS) including aortic dissection (AD), intramural hematoma (IMH), penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) and traumatic aortic injury (TAI), pseudoaneurysm, aortic rupture, atherosclerosis, vasculitis as well as genetic diseases (e. g. Turner syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers‑Danlos syndrome) and congenital abnormalities including coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Similarly to other arterial diseases, aortic diseases may be dia­gnosed after a long period of subclinical development or they may have an acute presentation. Acute aortic syndrome is often the first sign of the disease, which needs rapid dia­gnosis and decision making to overcome the extremely poor prognosis. Key clinical‑etiology‑anatomy‑pathophysiology (CEAP) dia­gnostic aspects and principles of aortic disease management are discussed in this document (the Vessels project)., and Gavorník P., Dukát A., Gašpar Ľ., Medová D., Čaprnda M.
Rights:
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45. Ciele a princípy reformy zdravotníctva v Slovenskej republike

Creator:
Kuvíková, Helena and Štangfeldová, Jana
Format:
156-160
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
reforma zdravotní péče--ekonomika--metody--zákonodárství a právo, cíle, zdravotnické zdroje, zdravotní pojištění--zákonodárství a právo, poskytování zdravotní péče--zákonodárství a právo, and urgentní zdravotnické služby--zákonodárství a právo
Language:
Czech, English, and Slovak
Description:
Helena Kuvíková, Jana Štangfeldová and Lit. 8
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

46. Cievne plastiky a úpravy ciev u pacientov pri transplantácii obličiek v 10 ročnom sledovaní

Creator:
Zavacký, Peter, Beňa, Ľuboslav, Zavacká, Martina, and Frankovičová, Mária
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
chronické selhání ledvin--chirurgie, transplantace ledvin--metody, cévní chirurgie--metody--využití, ledviny--chirurgie--krevní zásobení, retrospektivní studie, kohortové studie, pozorovací studie jako téma, biochemická analýza krve, výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče), analýza moči, kreatinin, chirurgie operační, dospělí, staří, lidé, lidé středního věku, and chirurgie plastická
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
Úvod: Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať výsledky činnosti transplantačného centra v Košiciach. Metódy: Do transplantačného programu boli zaradení pacienti v kritickom štádiu obličkového zlyhávania. Na transplantáciu obličky bolo indikovaných 457 pacientov. Z metodík bola použitá plastika tepny, našitie tepny samostatne a našitie na spoločnom terčíku. Transplantácia (Tx) obličky vyžaduje predovšetkým techniku cievnej anastomózy - chirurgického spojenia ciev. Výsledky: Transplantácie obličiek sa v Transplantačnom centre Košice realizujú od roku 1988. Plastiku tepny sme vykonali u 22,3 % (102) pacientov. Z toho tepny našité samostatne boli u 5,5 % (25). Na spoločnom terčíku ich bolo 9,4 % (43). V 7,4 % (34) bola plastika realizovaná ako implantácia pólových renálnych artérií do hlavného kmeňa. Záver: Transplantácia obličiek je život zachraňujúca metóda., Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze own results from Transplant Center Kosice, Slovak Republic. Methods: In total 457 patients in the end-stage renal failure were included to the kidney transplant program. Following techniques were used: arterioplasty, individual renal artery anastomosis and multiple renal arteries anastomosed on a common patch. The kidney transplant (Tx) especially requires surgical technique of a vascular anastomosis. Results: Renal transplantation has been established in Transplant Center Kosice since 1988. The arterioplasty of renal artery was performed in 102 (22.3%) and individual artery anastomosis in 25 (5.5%) patients. Multiple artery anastomosis on the patch was done in 43 (9.4%) and implantation of pole renal arteries to the main trunk performed in 34 (7.4%) cases. Conclusion: Renal transplantation is a lifesaving method in end stage renal failure., and P. Zavacký, Ľ. Beňa, M. Zavacká, M. Frankovičová
Rights:
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47. Čo môže zapríčiniť diabetes

Creator:
Pernický, Miroslav, Papinčák, Juraj, Reptová, Adriana, Kiňová, Soňa, and Murín, Ján
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, lidé středního věku, mužské pohlaví, obezita morbidní, diabetes mellitus 2. typu, metabolický syndrom--komplikace, hypertenze--terapie, ischemická choroba srdeční, onemocnění periferních arterií--komplikace, akutní koronární syndrom--terapie, kardiogenní šok--diagnóza--terapie, progrese nemoci, péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu, and fatální výsledek
Language:
Czech, Slovak, and English
Description:
V kazuistike opisujeme prípad 49-ročného muža od detstva morbídne obézneho (BMI 40 kg/m2), s artériovou hypertenziou (asi od 15 rokov, liečená od roku 2004), dyslipidémiou (od roku 2006), diabetes mellitus 2. typu (od roku 2006, na inzulinoterapii od roku 2008) a fajčením (do roku 2011, 20 cigariet denne). Liečba: 16 druhov liekov, 8 na hypertenziu, statín, liečba diabetu, aspirín, alopurinol. V roku 2010 (ako 45-ročný) hospitalizovaný na našej klinike pre dyspnoe a bolesti na hrudníku s hodnotou krvného tlaku 180/110 mm Hg (zistené srdcové zlyhávanie s ejekčnou frakciou ĽK 33 %, vo funkčnej triede NYHA II, echokardiograficky: ľavá predsieň: 46 mm, rozmer ľavej komory v diastole: 70 mm, interventrikulárne septum: 12 mm, hypokinéza septa, dopplerovská ultrasonografia artérií dolných končatín (kalcifikácie, difúzne aterosklerotické zmeny, neprítomná stenóza), CT koronárna angiografia (signifikantná stenóza ľavej koronárnej artérie). Zahájená liečba perorálny furosemid 40 mg denne. V máji roku 2011 hospitalizovaný pre akútny koronárny syndróm: akútny NSTEMI spodnej steny (koronarografia: 2-cievne postihnutie, realizovaná PKI, implantovaný DES – ramus circumflexus, paroxyzmus fibrilácie predsiení, funkčná trieda NYHA III, ľavokomorová ejekčná frakcia: 30 %, pľúcna hypertenzia). V roku 2012 realizovaná renálna denervácia pre rezistentnú hypertenziu, implantovaný karotický stent pre stenózu karotickej artérie, prítomná diabetická nefropatia (KDOQI 3. stupňa, GF 40 ml/min). V auguste roku 2014 hospitalizovaný na našej klinike pre pľúcny edém, kardiogénny šok, akútnu ischémiu pravého predkolenia pri periférnej embolizácii, prítomný atriálny flutter, zhoršenie renálnych parametrov, echokardiograficky: ľavá predsieň: 55 mm, rozmer ľavej komory: 75 mm, akinéza septa a zadnej steny, oklúzia artérií pravej dolnej končatiny (vzhľadom na vážny stav pacienta kontraindikovaná angiochirurgická intervencia, zvažovaná amputácia končatiny z vitálnej indikácie), pacient zomrel po 4 dňoch hospitalizácie na intenzívnej jednotke po neúspešnej liečbe. Kombinácia ochorení diabetes, hypertenzia a ischemická choroba srdca je častá a prognosticky vážna. Diabetes zvyšuje kardiovaskulárnu morbiditu a mortalitu, a preto by sme mali hľadať diabetes u všetkých kardiovaskulárnych pacientov., The case study describes a case of 49-year-old man with morbid obesity since childhood (BMI 40 kg/m2), arterial hypertension (approx. since aged 15, treated since 2004), dyslipidemia (since 2006), type 2 diabetes mellitus (since 2006, on insulin therapy since 2008) and smoking (until 2011, 20 cigarettes a day). Treatment: 16 types of medication, 8 for hypertension, statin, therapy for diabetes, aspirin, allopurinol. In 2010 (when aged 45) hospitalized in our clinic with dyspnoea and chest pain with a high pressure reading of 180/110 mm Hg (identified symptoms of heart failure with LV ejection fraction of 33 %, in NYHA II functional class, echocardiographically: left atrium: 46 mm, left ventricular chamber size in diastole: 70 mm, interventricular septum: 12 mm, septal hypokinesis, Doppler ultrasonography of lower limb arteries (calcification, diffuse atherosclerotic changes, absent stenosis), CT coronary angiography (significant stenosis of the left coronary artery). Treatment started with 40 mg oral dose of furosemide daily. In May 2011 he was hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome: acute NSTEMI of the inferior wall (coronarography: 2-vascular problems, implemented PKI, implanted DES – ramus circumflexus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, NYHA III functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction: 30 %, pulmonary hypertension). In 2012 renal denervation for resistant hypertension was carried out, carotid stent implanted for stenosis of the carotid artery, presence of diabetic nephropathy (KDOQI stage 3, GF 40 ml/min). In August 2014 admitted to our clinic with pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, acute ischemia of the right calf with peripheral embolisation, presence of atrial flutter, impairment of renal parameters, echocardiographically: left atrium: 55 mm, left ventricle size: 75 mm, akinesis of the septum and posterior wall, occlusion of the right leg arteries (given the patient‘s serious state angio-surgical intervention was contraindicated, vitally indicated leg amputation considered), the patient died after 4 days of hospitalization in an intensive care unit after unsuccessful treatment. A combination of diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart disease is frequent and prognostically serious. Diabetes increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and therefore we should check for diabetes in all cardiovascular patients., and Miroslav Pernický, Juraj Papinčák, Adriana Reptová, Soňa Kiňová, Ján Murín
Rights:
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