Článek prezentuje archeobotanické nálezy kultury pražského typu z území mezi řekami Dněprem a Dněstrem na Ukrajině. Nálezy ze čtyř lokalit (Velikaja Bugajevka, Kodyn I, Kodyn II, Luka Kavetčinskaja) byly analyzovány autorem, materiál z dalších dvou nalezišť (Raškov III and Tětěrevka I) zpracovala G. A. Paškevič. Statisticky hodnotitelné jsou nálezy jen ze čtyř lokalit; údaje z Bugajevky jen zajímavým způsobem dokreslují rituální praktiky v zacházení s obilovinami. Ze statistických šetření byly rovněž vynechány podsýpky prosa na dnech nádob, protože při tomto použití zřejmě šlo o záměrný výběr plodiny, nikoliv náhodný výskyt. Význam jednotlivých druhů obilovin je posuzován podle přepočtu na relativní hmotnost obilek. Z tohoto hlediska byl nejvýznamnější obilovinou ječmen, následovaný žitem a nahými pšenicemi; méně je zastoupena přenice dvouzrnka. Podíl prosa v hmotnostním indexu je stabilně desetina až šestina, velmi malá jsou zpravidla též množství ovsa. Shluková analýza potvrdila velkou podobnost skladby plodin mezi lokalitami. Zastoupení plevelů dokládá výsev jaří i ozimů. and Archaeobotanical data relating to the Prague-type culture from territories ranging from the Dnieper valley to that of the Dniester are introduced. Four sites were investigated by the author (Velikaya Bugayevka, Kodyn I, Kodyn II, Luka-Kavetchinskaya); materials from the sites Rashkov III and Teterevka I analysed by G. A. Pashkevich were also used for the investigation. Materials from Velikaya Bugayevka are only of interest for evaluation of the world-view of medieval Slavs and they are not used for statistical analysis. For the latter materials have been used from four sites. The bases of vessels with imprints of millet are also not used for statistical analysis, because grains of millet did not find their way into pottery vessels by chance. Analysis of grain production is carried out after recalculation of data relating to indices of mass: in first place is barley; then there follow rye and naked wheat varieties; the least stable indices are those for emmer wheat; the index for millet is between 1/10 and 1/6; the indices for oats are stable at a low level. Cluster analysis showed that there is a fairly high level of similarity with between the sites (ca. 90 %). The presence of weeds can testify to the use of old-arable fields and the presence of plants with different cycles would point to the use of both spring and winter sewing.
Archaeological sources provide a wide range of information to help understand the social structure of human society in the past. In this paper, the authors deal with the information potential of grave pit modifi cations and wooden structures in graves at burial sites in the central region of Great Moravia (southeast Moravia, southwest Slovakia). The goal at this point is to defi ne the basic hypotheses and describe the methodological basis along with the research methodology. The authors treat the sources holistically, which means that one of the methodological foundations is the claim that the properties of the whole are not a simple sum of its parts. This means that all recognized elements of the funeral rite and their mutual relations and functions are the center of attention of this research. The primary basis for the research is the assumption that the presence of various wooden structures or wooden burial receptacles in the graves of the Great Moravian period is a common cultural occurrence. It further tests the hypothesis that there was intent behind choosing of these different wooden structures and grave pit modifi cations and their usage, as well as a potential differentiation based on age or gender in the frequency, quality and selection of these modifi cations/arrangements and structures. The main methodological tools are statistical and GIS analysis and the results are compared with published fi ndings from the wider Central European region., Marian Mazuch, Marek Hladík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Příspěvek je zaměřen na deskripci a analýzu souboru povelkomoravské a mladohradištní keramiky z lokality Kostice – Zadní hrúd v dolním Podyjí. Metoda zpracování keramického souboru spočívá ve statistické analýze dat. Zpracování rozsáhlého souboru keramiky přispělo k poznání produkce keramiky na jižní Moravě v období po zániku Velké Moravy až do sklonku raného středověku, zároveň se podařilo definovat základní vývojové fáze lokality. and The article provides a description and analysis of an assemblage of post-Great Moravian and Late Hillfort pottery from the Kostice – Zadní hrúd site in the lower Dyje region. The pottery assemblage was processed using the statistical analysis of data. The processing of the large pottery assemblage contributed to an understanding of pottery production in south Moravia in the period following the demise of Great Moravia up to the end of the Early Middle Ages; the basic development phases of the site were also defined.
The Surface Water Department of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute in 2006 selected a new period for the evaluation of hydrological characteristics of mean daily discharge series. Initially, two fortyyear long periods were considered: 1961-2000 and 1966-2005 and the period of 1961-2005 was finally accepted. Comparison of the still used 1931-1980 period with the new one was carried out using the data from 50 Czech gauging stations that had continuous data time series. The mean long-term runoff of Czech rivers changed very little from 1931-1980 to 1961-2005. Comparison of the variation coefficients brought similar results. However, among specific M-day discharges the low flow values (e.g. Q355d) showed a significant increase. This might reflect not only natural causes but could suggest anthropogenic factors as well. Trend analyses started with testing mean annual runoff at 65 Czech gauging stations that were not influenced by human activity. 34 stations showed an increasing trend and 31 a decreasing trend. However, the trend was statistically significant only at one station. Trends of individual months dramatically differentiate. In January through March the increasing trends prevail. March trends show the highest number of stations with a significant increase. The three following months are complete opposites in which decreasing trends dominate. In May and June, not a single increase was recorded and many decreases were statistically significant. Almost no significant trends were examined in the months of the second half of the year. and V posledních měsících se oddělení povrchových vod ČHMÚ zabývalo výběrem období pro výpočet nových hydrologických charakteristik M-denních průtoků na českých tocích. Uvažována byla čtyřicetiletí 1961-2000 a 1966-2005, nakonec však bylo přijato období 1961-2005. Na datech z 50 vodoměrných stanic, které měly nepřerušené řady pozorování, bylo uskutečněno první srovnání statistických charakteristik období 1931-1980 (doposud používané) a 1961-2005. U nového období byly u neovlivněných stanic vyhodnoceny trendy průměrných ročních průtoků a průtoků jednotlivých měsíců.