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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Subject apoptosis

1. Apoptotic damage of DNA in Hhuman leukaemic HL-60 cells treated with C2-ceramide was detected after G1 blockade of the cell cycle

Creator:
Bártová, E., Španová, A., Janáková, L., Bobková, M., and Rittich, B.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
HL-60 cells, C2-ceramide, apoptosis, and cell cycle
Language:
English
Description:
Apoptosis was induced by treatment of HL-60 cells with C2-ceramide. Apoptotic damage of DNA was detected according to the sub-Gl peak on a flow cytometer, according to the typical morphology and according to the DNA fragmentation "ladder" after gel electrophoresis. It was shown that the apoptotic cleavage followed after G1 blockade of the cell cycle. A high correlation coefficient (rs=0.957) was found between the percentages of G1 blocked cells and apoptotic cells. This high correlation together with the appearance of the sub-Gl peak suggests that the G1 blocked HL-60 cells were subject to apoptotic death. It is deduced that the mechanisms leading to G1 blockade of the cell cycle and activation of apoptosis in HL-60 cells are interconnected.
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2. Apoptotic DNA alterations in pig leukocytes after phagocytosis of bacteria are linked to maturation of the immune system

Creator:
Eva Matalová, Alena Španová, and František Kovářů
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, apoptóza, fagocytóza, apoptosis, phagocytosis, ontogenesis, pig leukocytes, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of phagocytosis of living bacteria on apoptotic DNA changes was examined in pig leukocytes in relation to immune system maturation. Blood samples of pigs (aged 6, 12 and 18 weeks) were cultivated with a suspension of bacterial cells Salmonella typhimurium LB 5000 at 37 °C. In the experimental groups, killed bacteria and microspheric particles were used to detect the influence of the phagocytic process. Phagocytic activity and index were determined in each sample by means of microspheric particles. The ability to kill engulfed microbes (bactericidal capacity) was estimated from the decrease in bacterial colony-forming units (CFU). Samples of cultured cells were taken for DNA analysis at given intervals. DNA ladder assay was used for qualitative apoptotic DNA break detection and the TUNEL AP test was employed for quantification of apoptosis. In 18-week-old animals, spontaneous DNA degradation was observed in the control group without phagocytosis after 8 h. In contrast, cells cultivated with microspheric particles or killed bacteria became apoptotic after 4 h. The rate of apoptotic DNA degradation was decreased in the group exposed to living bacteria. This prolonged survival of phagocytes was also detected in 12-week-old animals, but not at 6 weeks of age. These findings were supported by the ability of phagocytes in 6-week-old animals to engulf microbes, but their killing (bactericidal) ability was significantly decreased in comparison with other stages of immune system maturation. These results suggest that the process of phagocytosis itself is accompanied by activation of the apoptotic program in phagocytic cells of the pig immune system, but the presence of phagocyted living bacteria can delay this activation. The prolonged survival of short-lived cells was only observed in later phases of immune system maturation., E. Matalová, A. Španová, F. Kovářů., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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3. Changes of hippocampal neurons after perinatal exposure to ethanol

Creator:
Milotová, M., Vladimír Riljak, Kateřina Jandová, Jana Bortelová, Dana Marešová, Jaroslav Pokorný, and Miloš Langmeier
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, ethanol, neurodegenerace, apoptóza, physiology, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of ethanol on the structural development of the central nervous system was studied in offspring of Wistar rats, drinking 20 % ethanol during pregnancy and till the 28th day of their postnatal life. The structural changes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus were analyzed at the age of 18, 35 and 90 days. A lower width of pyramidal and granular cell layers, cell extinction and fragmentation of numerous nuclei were found in all experimental animals compared to control animals. The extent of neural cell loss was similar in all monitored areas and in all age groups. At the age of 18 and 35 days, the degenerating cells were observed in the CA1 and CA3 area of the hippocampus and in the ventral and dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus. Numerous glial cells replaced the neuronal population of this region. Some degenerating cells with fragmented nuclei were observed at the age of 90 days. Our experiments confirmed the vulnerability of the developing central nervous system by ethanol intake during the perinatal period and revealed a long-lasting degeneration process in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus., M. Milotová, V. Riljak, K. Jandová, J. Bortelová, D. Marešová, K. Pokorný, M. Langmeier., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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4. Differential oxidative stress responses to D-galactosamine-lipopolysaccharide hepatotoxicity based on real time PCR analysis of selected oxidant/antioxidant and apoptotic gene expressions in rat

Creator:
Lekić, N., Dalibor Černý, Aleš Hořínek, Provazník, Z., Jan Martínek, and Hassan Farghali
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, apoptóza, oxidační stres, apoptosis, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide, RT-PCR, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Oxidative stress and apoptosis are proposed mechanisms of cellular injury in studies of xenobiotic hepatotoxicity. This study is focused on addressing the mutual relationship and early signals of these mechanisms in the D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS) hepatotoxicity model, with the help of standard liver function and biochemistry tests, histology, and measurement of gene expression by RT-PCR. Intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg/kg D-GalN and 50 μg/kg LPS was able to induce hepatotoxicity in rats, as evidenced by significant increases in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and raised bilirubin levels in plasma. Heme oxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase-2 gene expressions were significantly increa sed, along with levels of their products, bilirubin and nitrite. Th e gene expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 remained unchanged, whereas a decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression was noted. Furthermore, the significant increase in the gene expression of apoptotic genes Bid, Bax and caspase-3 indicate early activation of apoptotic pathways, which was confirmed by histological evaluation. In contrast, the measured caspase-3 activity remained unchanged. Overall, the results have revealed differential oxidative stress and apoptotic responses, which deserves further investigations in this hepatotoxicity model., N. Lekić ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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5. Effect of monosodium glutamate on apoptosis and Bcl-2/Bax protein level in rat thymocyte culture

Creator:
Pavlović, Voja, Cekić, S., Kocić, G., Sokolović, D., and Živković, V.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie živočichů, cytologie, apoptóza, animal physiology, cytology, apoptosis, glutaman sodný, tymocyty, Bcl-2, Bax, monosodium glutamate, thymocytes, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of glutamate, is commonly used as a flavor enhancer in modern nutrition. Recent studies have shown th e existence of glutamate receptors on lymphocytes, thymoc ytes and thymic stromal cells. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of different MSG concentr ations on rat thymocyte apoptosis and expression of two apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. Rat thymocytes, obtained from male Wistar rats, were exposed to increasing concentrations of MSG (ranging from 1 mM to 100 mM) for 24 h. Apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and cells were analyzed using a flow cytometer. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were determined with flow cytometry using respective monoclonal antibodies. Exposure to MSG resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival (as determined by trypan blue exclusion method). Annexin V- FITC/PI also confirmed that MSG incr eased, in a dose-dependent manner, ap optotic cell death in rat thymocyte cultures. MSG treatment induced downregulation of Bcl-2 protein, while Bax protein levels were not significantly changed. Our data showed that MSG significantly modulates thymocyte apoptosis rate in cultures. The temporal profile of Bcl-2 and Bax expression after MSG treatment suggests that downregulation of Bcl-2 protein and the resulting change of Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio may be an important event in thymocyte apoptosis triggered by MSG., V. Pavlović, S. Cekić, G. Kocić, D. Sokolović, V. Živković., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

6. Effect of somatostatin on repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in pituitary adenoma cells GH3

Creator:
Martina Řezáčová, Jan Čáp, Doris Vokurková, Emilie Lukášová, Jiřina Vávrová, Jaroslav Cerman, Vladimír Mašín, and Mazánková, N.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biofyzika, ionizující záření, radioterapie, apoptóza, biophysics, ionizing radiation, radiotherapy, apoptosis, agromegalie, somatostatin, radiosurgery, H2A.X, Nbs1, GH3 cells, 2, and 577
Language:
English
Description:
Ionizing radiation and somatostatin analogues are used for acromegaly treatment to achieve normalization or reduction of growth hormone hypersecretion and tumor shrinkage. In this study, we investigated a combination of somatostatin (SS14) with ionizing radiation of 60Co and its effect on reparation of radiation-induced damage and cell death of somatomammotroph pituitary cells GH3. Doses of γ-radiation 20-50 Gy were shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in GH3 cells regardless of somatostatin presence. It has been found that the D0 value for GH3 cells was 2.5 Gy. Somatostatin treatment increased radiosensitivity of GH3 cells, so that D0 value decreased to 2.2 Gy. We detected quick phosphorylation of histone H2A.X upon irradiation by the dose 20 Gy and its colocalization with phosphorylated protein Nbs-1 in the site of double strand break of DNA (DSB). Number of DSB decreased significantly 24 h after irradiation, however, clearly distinguished foci persisted, indicating non repaired DSB, after irradiation alone or after combined treatment by irradiation and SS14. We found that SS14 alone triggers phosphorylation of Nbs1 (p-Nbs1), which correlates with antiproliferative effect of SS14. Irradiation also increased the presence of p-Nbs1. Most intensive phosphorylation of Nbs1 was detected after combined treatment of irradiation and SS14. The decrease of the number of the DSB foci 24 h after treatment shows a significant capacity of repair systems of GH3 cells. In spite of this, large number of unrepaired DSB persists for 24 h after the treatment. We conclude that SS14 does not have a radioprotective effect on somatomammotroph GH3 cells., M. Řezáčová, J. Čáp, D. Vokurková, E. Lukášová, J. Vávrová, J. Cerman, V. Mašín, N. Mazánková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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7. Effects of selected plant essential oils on the growth and development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo

Creator:
Domaracký, M., Rehák, P., Štefan Juhás, and Juraj Koppel
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie živočichů, éterické oleje, embryologie živočichů, apoptóza, myši, animal physiology, essential oils, animal embryology, apoptosis, mice, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Plant essential oils (EOs) have been reported to have health benefit properties and their preventive and therapeutic use in animals is expected to increase in the future. We evaluated the influence of five essential oils obtained from plant species which are known to have positive antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects – sage EO from Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), oregano EO from Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), thyme EO from Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), clove EO from Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae) and cinnamon EO from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) on the growth and development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo. Essential oils were added to commercial diet at concentrations of 0.25 % for sage EO, thyme EO, clove EO, cinnamon EO and 0.1 % for oregano EO, and fed to ICR female mice for 2 weeks ad libitum. Females were then mated with males of the same strain. Embryos obtained on Day 4 of pregnancy at the blastocyst stage were stained by morphological triple staining (Hoechst, PI, Calcein-AM) and evaluated using fluorescent microscopy. The effects of essential oils were estimated by the viability of embryos, number of nuclei and distribution of embryos according to nucleus number. Cinnamon EO significantly decreased the number of nuclei and the distribution of embryos according to nucleus number was significantly altered. Sage EO negatively influenced the distribution of embryos according to nucleus number. Clove and oregano EOs induced a significantly increased rate of cell death. Only thyme EO had no detectable effects on embryo development. In conclusion, none of the essential oils had any positive effect on embryo development, but some of them reduced the number of cells and increased the incidence of cell death., M. Domaracký, P. Rehák, Š. Juhás, J. Koppel., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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8. Estimation of apoptosis in C6 glioma cells treated with antidepressants

Creator:
Španová, A., Kovářů, H., Lisá, V., Lukášová, E., and Rittich, B.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
glioma cells, antidepressants, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis
Language:
English
Description:
Gel electrophoresis of DNA was used for estimation of DNA changes caused in C6 glioma cells by treatment with psychotropic drugs (imipramine, amitryptiline and fluoxetine). Some discrete bands containing a population of short DNA fragments appeared after 1 and 5 days of cultivation. Apoptotic DNA breaks were verified at single cell level using the TUNEL test in cells treated with fluoxetine.
Rights:
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9. Exercise improves cardiac function in the aged rats with myocardial infarction

Creator:
Chen, Yanping, Huang, Qiang, and Feng, Yuanxi
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
myocardial infarction, exercise, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation
Language:
English
Description:
Exercise can improve the cardiovascular health. However, the mechanism contributing to its beneficial effect on elderly patients with myocardial infarction is obscure. 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish myocardial infarction (MI) model by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of the heart, followed by 4-week interval exercise training on a motor-driven rodent treadmill. The cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were determined by using pressure transducer catheter, polygraph physiological data acquisition system, Masson's trichrome staining, and ELISA to evaluate the impact of post-MI exercise training on MI. Western blot were performed to detect the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling in the hearts of aged rats. Exercise training significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the cardiac fibrosis. In infarcted heart, the apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were significantly reduced after 4-week exercise training. Mechanistically, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway was activated in the myocardial infarction area after exercise training, which might participate in the protection of cardiac function. Exercise training improves cardiac function in MI rats through reduction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may mediate by the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Rights:
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10. Fluid shear stress promotes osteoblast proliferation and suppresses mitochondrial-mediated osteoblast apoptosis through the miR-214-3p-ATF4 signaling axis

Creator:
Zhang, Kun, Liu, Xuening, Tang, Yuchen, Liu, Zhongcheng, Yi, Qiong, Wang, Lifu, Geng, Bin, and Xia, Yayi
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fluid shear stress, miR-214-3p, activating transcription factor 4, osteoblast, proliferation, and apoptosis
Language:
English
Description:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in bone metabolism and participate in the mechanically induced bone alterations. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which fluid shear stress (FSS) regulate the proliferative and apoptotic phenotypic changes of osteoblasts remain elusive. The study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of FSS on osteoblast proliferative and apoptotic phenotypes and the roles of miR-214-3p-ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) signaling axis in the mechanomodulation processes. FSS promoted the proliferative activity of osteoblasts and suppressed mitochondrial-mediated osteoblast apoptosis. FSS decreased miR-214-3p expression and increased ATF4 expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. MiR-214-3p inhibited osteoblast proliferative activity and promoted mitochondrialmediated osteoblast apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-214-3p attenuated FSS-enhanced osteoblast proliferation and FSS-suppressed mitochondrial-mediated osteoblast apoptosis. We validated that ATF4 acted as a target gene of miR-214-3p. Moreover, miR-214-3p regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis through targeting ATF4. Taken together, our study proved that FSS could suppress mitochondrial-mediated osteoblast apoptosis and promote osteoblast proliferation through the miR-214-3p-ATF4 signaling axis.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public