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12. Comparison of the obesity phenotypes related to monosodium glutamate effect on arcuate nucleus and/or the high fat diet feeding in C57BL/6 and NMRI mice
- Creator:
- Resha Matyšková, Lenka Maletínská, Jana Maixnerová, Zdenko Pirník, Kiss, A., and Železná, Blanka
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, myši, obezita, physiology, mice, obesity, C57BL/6, NMRI, monosodium glutamate obesity, diet-induced obesity, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, susceptibility of inbred C57BL/6 and outbred NMRI mice to monosodium glutamate (MSG) obesity or diet-induced obesity (DIO) was compared in terms of food intake, body weight, adiposity as well as leptin, insulin and glucose levels. MSG obesity is an early-onset obesity resulting from MSG-induced lesions in arcuate nucleus to neonatal mice. Both male and female C57BL/6 and NMRI mice with MSG obesity did not differ in body weight from their lean controls, but had dramatically increased fat to body weight ratio. All MSG obese mice developed severe hyperleptinemia, more remarkable in females, but only NMRI male mice showed massive hyperinsulinemia and an extremely high HOMA index that pointed to development of insulin resistance. Diet-induced obesity is a late-onset obesity; it developed during 16-week-long feeding with high-fat diet containing 60 % calories as fat. Inbred C57BL/6 mice, which are frequently used in DIO studies, both male and female, had significantly increased fat to body weight ratio and leptin and glucose levels compared with their appropriate lean controls, but only female C57BL/6 mice had also significantly elevated body weight and insulin level. NMRI mice were less prone to DIO than C57BL/6 ones and did not show significant changes in metabolic parameters after feeding with high-fat diet., R. Matyšková, L. Maletínská, J. Maixnerová, Z. Pirník, A. Kiss, B. Železná., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
13. Dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to adiposity, glucose tolerance and lipid spectra in Czech non-diabetic population
- Creator:
- Běla Bendlová, Jana Vrbíková, Martin Hill, Markéta Vaňková, Petra Lukášová, Josef Včelák, Daniela Vejražková, Kateřina Dvořáková, Richard Hampl, Karel Vondra, and Luboslav Stárka
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- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, obezita, lipidy, inzulinová rezistence, pohlavní hormony, endocrinology, obesity, lipids, insulin resistance, sex hormones, dehydroepiandrosteroine, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study aimed to examine relationships between DHEA(S), anthropometric parameters, oral glucose tolerance test derived data and lipid spectra in a Czech non-diabetic population. 380 healthy volunteers both with and without a family history of diabetes type 2 (DM2) were en rolled into the study (women: n=235, age 28.9±9.4 years, BMI 22.3±4.5 kg/m2, men: n=145, age 32.3±10.0 years, BMI 24.7±3.6 kg/m2). Spearman’s correlations (both without and with the adjustment for age, age and BMI), as well as ANCOVA were used. Non-adjusted data showed many “beneficial” correlations between DHEA(S) and both anthropometric and metabolic variables. Statistical analysis revealed that almost all correlations of DHEA(S) to adiposity and fat distribution in men as well as in women disappeared after the adjustment. There are, however, differences between men and women in the correlation of DHEA(S) to insulin sensitivity and lipid levels. The use of hormonal contraceptives (COC) is also an important factor in this relationship. In men and also in women using COC, DHEA-S after adjustment correlated positively with fasting and stimulated glucose, insulin and C-peptide, and negatively with insulin sensitivity. In this respect, the benefit of DHEA(S) supplementation seems - at least in terms of its alleged antiobesity and antidiabetogenic effects - to be more than controversial., B. Bendlová, J. Vrbíková, M. Hill, M. Vaňková, P. Lukášová, J. Včelák, D. Vejražková, K. Dvořáková, R. Hampl, K. Vondra, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14. Developmental changes in gut microbiota and enzyme activity predict obesity risk in rats arising from reduced nests
- Creator:
- Šefčíková, Z., Buňáková, D., Raček, L., Vladimír Kmeť, and Mozeš, Š.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, litter sizegut microbiota, alkaline phosphatase activity, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the study was to assess the impact of preweaning overnutrition upon the ontogeny of intestinal microbiota, alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) and pa rameters of growth and obesity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We tested whether intestinal characteristics acquired in suckling pups could programme the development of enhanced fat deposition during normalized nutrition beyond weaning. Postnatal nutrition was manipulated by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (small litters - SL) and 10 (normal litters - NL). In the postweaning period both groups were fed with a standard diet. The jejunal and colonic Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (LAB) and the Bacteroides/Prevotella (BAC) were determined using the FISH technique, and the jejunal AP activity was assayed histochemically. At 15 and 20 days of age the SL pups became heavier, displayed increased adiposity accompanied by significantly higher LAB and lower numbers of BAC and with higher AP activity in comparison with rats nursed in NL nests. These differences pers isted to day 40 and withdrawal of the previous causal dietary influence did not prevent the post-weaning fat accretion. These results reveal the significance of early nutritional imprint upon the gut microbial/functional development and allow better unde rstanding of their involvement in the control of obesity., Z. Šefčíková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
15. Different functional responsibility of the small intestine to high-fat/high-energy diet determined the expression of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant phenotypes in rats
- Creator:
- Šefčíková, Z., Hájek, T., Ľudovít Lenhardt, Raček, Ľ., and Mozeš, Š.
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- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Obecná zoologie, fyziologie živočichů, obezita, krmiva, animal physiology, obesity, feeds, diet-induced obesity, intestinal functinality, feed efficiency, energy homeostasis, 2, and 591
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The objective of the present experiment was to assess the involvement of small intestine in expression of susceptibility or resistance to the high-fat/high-energy diet. The investigation was carried out in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either standard laboratory diet (3.2 kcal/g, 9.5 % fat) or high-fat (HF) diet (4.04 kcal/g, 30 % fat) for 4 weeks as well as in HF rats that were retrospectively designated on the bases of their higher or lower weight gain as sensitive (DIO) or resistant (DR) to obesity. Our results revealed in HF group significant increase in energy intake, food efficiency, weight gain and Lee´s index of obesity. Moreover, in comparison with controls, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and α-glucosidase activity as well as hypertrophy of jejunal mucosa (increased protein/DNA ratio) were observed in HF fed rats. In contrast, intestinal function was inversely related to energy intake or to the development of adiposity in DIO vs. DR rats. The DR rats had significantly greater AP and α-glucosidase activity and more pronounced suppression of energy intake than obese DIO rats. It indicates that the increase of enzyme activities and the lowered effectiveness of nutrient absorption might be a significant factor preventing the expression of obesity proneness. This information contributes to a better understanding of a complex interaction between HF diet feeding and small intestinal adaptability, which determines the energy homeostasis and predict the ability to resist or develop obesity in these phenotypes., Z. Šefčíková, T. Hájek, Ľ. Lenhardt, Ľ. Raček, Š. Možeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
16. Does impedance measure a functional state of the body fat?
- Creator:
- Renata Větrovská, Zdeněk Vilikus, Klaschka, J., Zuzana Stránská, Štěpán Svačina, Šárka Svobodová, and Martin Matoulek
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- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, tělesné složení, obezita, body composition, obesity, DEXA, fat mass, anthropometric methods, fat tissue functional properties, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim was to compare methods of body fat measurement in different BMI groups. An additional aim was to discuss differences reflecting the structural and functional changes of fat tissue. The study group included 130 adult Caucasian women stratified by body mass index (BMI): 18-24.99 (n=30), 25-29.99 (n=26), 30-34.99 (n=33), 35-39.99 (n=30), and BMI ≥ 40 (n=11). Bioelectrical impedance was performed using Tanita TBF 410 GS, Bodystat 1500, and Omron BF 300. A caliper type Best was also applied. Correspondence of four methods with DEXA was assessed using the Bland-Altman and ANOVA analyses. Measurements by BIA were not si gnificantly different from DEXA up to BMI of 30, but DEXA significantly overestimated in the higher BMI subgroup by all three methods. Caliper measurement significantly underestimated DEXA in all BMI subgroups. BIA methods overestimated DEXA for the obese subjects. Tanita did statistically the best. The Caliper test appeared less preferable than the BIA methods, especially in the higher BMI subgroup. DEXA and Caliper measurements seem to be the best estimate of structural (anatomical) fat quantity. We hypothesize that BIA methods could also measure some other physiopathological conditions like inflammation, hydration or cell infiltration of fat., R: Větrovská, Z. Vilikus, J. Klaschka, Z. Stránská, Š. Svačina, Š. Svobodová, M. Matoulek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
17. Dynamic changes of orexin A and leptin in obese chldren during body weight reduction
- Creator:
- Jiří Bronský, Jara Nedvídková, Hana Zamrazilová, Martina Pechová, Martin Chada, Karel Kotaška, Jiří Nevoral, and Richard Průša
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- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, obezita, leptin, výživa dětí, physiology, obesity, children's nutrition, orexin A, hypocretin 1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, we describe changes of plasma levels of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A in obese children during the reduction of body weight and its relationship to other biochemical and anthropometrical parameters. We measured orexin A fasting plasma levels by the RIA method in 58 obese children - 33 girls and 25 boys; mean age 13.1±0.38 years (range 7-18.5) before and after 5 weeks of weight-reduction therapy. Leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were measured in all the subjects and were compared to orexin A levels and anthropometrical data. Average weight in subjects before weight-reduction was 74.2±2.79 kg and after weight-loss 67.4±2.60 kg (p<0.0001). Orexin A levels before the therapy were 33.3±1.97 pg/ml and after the therapy 51.7±3.07 pg/ml (p<0.0001). Levels of orexin A were not significantly different between girls and boys (p=0.7842). We found negative correlation between orexin A and age (r = -0.5395; p<0.0001), body height (r = -0.4751; p=0.0002), body weight (r = -0.4030; p=0.0017) and BMI (r = -0.2607; p=0.0481). No correlation was found between orexin A and IGF-1, IGFBP-3 or leptin. Orexin A plasma levels increased during body weight loss, whereas the reverse was true for leptin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that orexin A may be involved in regulation of nutritional status in children., J. Bronský, J. Nedvídková, H. Zamrazilová, M. Pechová, M. Chada, K. Kotaška, J. Nevoral, R. Průša., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
18. Eat less and exercise more - is it really enough to knock down the obesity pandemia?
- Creator:
- Jaroslav Hubáček
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, obezita, spánek, physiology, obesity, sleep, NEAT, neobvyklé faktory, psychosociální faktory, NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis), uncommon factors, psychosocial factors, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Reduced physical activity and abundant energy intake are two most common factors leading to uncontrolled body weight gain. But these factors are not under entire internal consciousness control; they are also partially genetically determined and are affected by for example food marketing practices. In addition to these two widely accepted factors, there are some other factors, whose could also contribute to the recent increase of obesity prevalence. For example, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, sleeping habits, more stable inside room temperatures (using of heating and air conditioning), high prescription of medications with weight gain as side effect, psychosocial factors, unfavourable socioeconomic status and unpleasant urban environment are the background factors which should not be omitted if obesity/BMI determination should be fully understood and kept under control. In conclusion, unhealthy life style is necessary, but not sufficient for obesity development., J. A. Hubáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
19. Effect of fasting and refeeding on duodenal alkaline phosphatase activity in monosodium glutamate obese rats
- Creator:
- Raček, Ľ., Ľudovít Lenhardt, and Mozeš, Š.
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- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, fasting / refeeding, duodenal alkaline phosphatase, monosodium glutamate, obese rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_In the present work the effects of fasting and refeeding on fat pad weight and alkaline phosphatase activity in the brush border of individual duodenal enterocytes have been evaluated in male Wistar rats with obesity induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment during the early postnatal period. Neonatal rats were treated subcutaneously with MSG (2 mg/g b.w.) or saline (controls) for 4 days after birth. At 4 months of age, two types of experiments were performed. In the first experiment rats, were submitted to 3 or 6 days lasting food deprivation. In the second experiment the rats were refed for 3 or 6 days ad libitum or restrictedly (60 % of pre-fasting intake) after a 6 day-fasting period. Fasting and refeeding influenced the body fat and function of the duodenum in MSG-treated rats differently as compared to the controls. However, alkaline phosphatase activity and the weight of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots were significantly increased in MSG obese rats (P<0.001) during all the periods examined. While 3 days of food deprivation resulted in both groups in a similar loss of adipose tissue weight and alkaline phosphatase activity, the decrements of these parameters after 6 days of fasting were lower in obese rats suggesting that their capacity to spare body fat stores was enhanced. After 3 days of ad libitum refeeding, a more marked adaptational increase of food consumption and also a significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity above the pre-fasting level (P<0.01) was observed in the MSG-treated rats. Consequently, a more rapid body fat restoration was demonstrated in these animals. Refeeding of rats at 60 % of the pre-fasting intake level resulted in a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in both the MSG and control group; moreover, as food restriction continued, MSG-treated rats tended to further increase the enzyme activity., a2_Our results revealed that MSG treatment of neonatal rats may significantly change the intestinal functions. Permanently increased alkaline phosphatase activity observed in MSG obese rats during all investigated periods suggests that this functional alteration is probably not a consequence of actual nutritional variation but could be a component of regulatory mechanisms maintaining their obesity at critical values., Ľ. Raček, Ľ. Lenhardt, Š. Mozeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
20. Effects of body weight reduction on plasma leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Creator:
- František Musil, Blaha, V., Alena Tichá, Hyspler, R., Maluzik, M., Jiřina Lesná, Alena Šmahelová, and Sobotka, L.
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- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, diabetes mellitus, obezita, leptin, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, fasting, adiponectin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to explore the changes in the adipokines leptin and adiponectin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who underwent seven days of fasting and 21 days of low-calorie diet (LCD). The plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured in 14 obese patients with T1DM at baseline, immediately after 7 days of fasting, and after 21 days of LCD. 13 non-obese patients with T1DM were studied only after an overnight fasting. Bioimpedance technique was used for determination of body composition. Obese T1DM patients lost 6.0 kg (6.0; 6.8) (median, 25 %; 75 %) and decreased their fat tissue after fasting and LCD. Plasma leptin in obese T1DM was significantly higher than in non-obese T1DM patients: 9.10 (5.06; 25.89) vs. 1.71 (1.12; 7.08) μg ∙ l-1 and transiently decreased immediately after fasting: 3.45 μg ∙ l-1 (1.47; 7.00), (P<0.05). Adiponectin/leptin ratio in obese T1DM was significantly lower than in non-obese T1DM patients: 0.67 (0.57; 1.49) vs. 3.50 (2.46; 6.30) ∙ 103 and transiently increased immediately after fasting: 2.22 (1.26; 3.24) ∙ 103, (P<0.05). We conclude that obese patients with T1DM are characterized by hyperleptinemia that is reduced by prolonged fasting, but only slightly affected by low calorie diet., F. Musil, V. Blaha, A. Ticha, R. Hyspler, M. Haluzik, J. Lesna, A. Smahelova, L. Sobotka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public