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31292. The effect of ketamine and saffan on the β-endorphin and ACTH response to hemorrhage in the minipig
- Creator:
- Ruane-O´Hora, T., Hall, W. J., and Markos, F.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, anestezie, endorfiny, physiology, anesthesia, endorphins, β-endorfin, ACTH (adrenokortikotropní hormon), β-endorphin, ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The endocrine response is an important component of the physiological response to blood loss. There is some variability in reported levels of certain hormones during hemorrhage such as the stress hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Therefore, the effect of two an esthetic agents, ketamine and saffan, on ACTH and β-endorphin levels during hemorrhage was assessed in 12 minipigs. The animals were divided into two groups, group I saffan and group II ketamine (n=6). Pigs were subjected to a continuous fixed volume hemorrhage under one of the above anesthetics while spontaneously breathing. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were recorded together with β-endorphin and ACTH levels both before and at 10, 20, 30, 40 min after the onset of bleeding. ACTH levels were higher in the ketamine-anesthetized pigs and rose significantly faster with falling blood pressure than ACTH measured in pigs under saffan anesthesia. In contrast, the hemorrhage induced β-endorphin increase was not significantly different between the two anesthetic groups. These results indicate that choice of anesthetic agent is important when investigating the hormone response to hemorrhage and may account for the variable hormone levels in the published literature to date., T. Ruan-O´Hora, W. J. Hall, F. Markos., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31293. The effect of lead and copper on the photosynthetic apparatus in Elodea canadensis Rich
- Creator:
- Stoyanova, D. P. and Tchakalova, E. S.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- After a S-d cultivatíon in Solutions of different concentrations of lead and copper, structiiral changes were established in the photosynthetic apparatus of Elodea canadensis Rich. Lead and low concentrations of copper (0.03, 0.06 and 0.25 g m’^) did not induce large structural transformations in the protoplast. Some of the changes were specific for the species; vacuolization of the cytoplasm, instability of the tonoplast, increased activity of the dictyosomes, abnormally active division of the mitochondria, and number of chloroplasts and mitochondria in definite cell zones. High concentrations of copper (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g m*^) induced within 5 d a generál destruction of the protoplast. The concentration of 0.5 g(Cu^0 threshold concentration for survival of this species. High quantities of both metals were accumulated in the treated plants.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31294. The effect of leaf age on gas exchange and malate accumulation in C3-CAM plant Marrubium frivaldszkyanum (Lamiaceae)
- Creator:
- Markovska, Y. K. and Dimitrov, D. S.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- C3-CAM shift, Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, leaf expansion, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- For the first time the expression of C3 and CAM in the leaves of different age of Marrubium frivaldszkyanum Boiss, is reported. With increasing leaf age a typical C3 photosynthesis pattern and high transpiration rate were found. In older leaves a shift to CAM occurred and the 24-h transpiration water loss decreased. A correlation was established between leaf area and accumulation of malate. Water loss at early stages of leaf expansion may be connected with the shift to CAM and the water economy of the whole plant. and Y. K. Markovska, D. S. Dimitrov.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31295. The effect of leptin on bone - an evolving concept of action
- Creator:
- Veronika Cirmanová, Milan Bayer, Luboslav Stárka, and Kateřina Zajíčková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, leptin, kosti, sympatický nervový systém, neuropeptidy, endocrinology, bones, sympathetic nervous system, neuropeptids, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted by adipocytes, is known to regulate food intake but has also emerged as a significant factor in the regulation of bone mass. In humans, states of energy deprivation with low serum leptin have been associated with low bone mass. In mice, leptin deficiency led to increased trabecular bone mass with overall decrease in cortical bone. Leptin regulates bone metabolism indirectly in the hypothalamus thereby activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). In addition to the SNS, leptin also interacts with various hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, neuropeptide Y and/or neuromedin U, which might modulate the effects of leptin on bone. In osteoblasts sympathetic signaling is further gated by the transcriptional factors called molecular clock. As a result, bone loss is accelerated showing that the central effect of leptin seems to be antiosteogenic. Additionally, leptin has a direct anabolic effect within the bone driving the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into the osteoblastic cell lineage. Besides the interaction between the central and peripheral pathways, the overall effect of leptin on bone might be bimodal depending on leptin serum concentrations. Regulatory pathways triggering osteoblast activity might open new possibilities for anabolic treatment of osteoporosis., V. Cirmanová, M. Bayer, L. Stárka, K. Zajíčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31296. The effect of lipoic acid on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress
- Creator:
- Akpinar, D., Yargiçoğlu, P., Derin, N., Alicigüzel, Y., and Ağar, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, stres (fyziologie), antioxidanty, enzymy, human physiology, stress (physiology), antioxidants, enzymes, restraint stress, lipoic acid, lipid peroxidation, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study was designed to investigate effect of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide production and antioxidant systems in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Twenty four male Wistar rats, aged three months, were divided into four groups: control (C), the group treated with LA (L), the group exposed to restraint stress (S) and the group exposed to stress and treated with LA (LS). Restraint stress was applied for 21 days (1 h/day) and LA (100 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitonally to the L and LS groups for the same period. Restraint stress significantly decreased brain copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and brain and retina glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities compared with the control group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrite and nitrate levels were significantly increased in the tissues of the S group compared with the C group. LA produced a significant decrease in brain and retina TBARS, nitrite and nitrate levels of the L and LS groups compared to their corresponding control groups. LA increased all enzyme activities in the tissues of the LS group compared to the S group. Our study indicated that LA is an ideal antioxidant candidate for the prevention of stress-induced lipid peroxidation., D. Akpinar, P. Yargiçoğlu, N. Derin, Y. Alicigüzel, A. Ağar., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31297. The effect of long-term ingestion of glucocorticoids on liver and serum plasma in rats
- Creator:
- Petrovic, G., Ristic, V., Vrbaski, S., Ristic, M., and Suzic, S.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hydrocortisone, liver lipids, and plasma lipids
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effect of chronic hydrocortisone administration (0.5 mg/kg) on the liver and plasma lipid content was assessed in Wistar rats. It was found after that the liver cholesterol content was significantly increased 6 months of hydrocortisone treatment. At the same time, the distribution of liver phospholipid fractions was altered. The fatty acid composition of liver lipids showed a significant increase of 22:6 n-3. Decreased levels of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were found in the plasma of the hydrocortisone-treated rats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31298. The effect of low corporate tax rate on payroll tax evasion
- Creator:
- Madzharova, Boryana, Kejak, Michal, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic and 38 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Veřejné finance, daň z příjmů právnických osob, daň z příjmů ze závislé činnosti, srážky ze mzdy, daňové úniky, matematické modelování, 336.226.12, 336.226.112.1, 331.212, 336.228.34, 519.673, (048.8), 4, and 336.1/.5
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Boryana Madzharova ; editor: Michal Kejak., Obsahuje bibliografii, and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31299. The effect of low growth temperature on Hill reaction and photosystem 1 activities and pigment contents in maize inbred lines and their F1 hybrids
- Creator:
- Körnerová, M. and Holá, D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- carotenoids, chlorophylls, genetic analysis, heterosis, intraspecific variation, photosystem 2, and Zea mays
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Young plants of maize inbred lines CE777, CE704, and CE810 and their F1 hybrids displaying a positive heterotic effect in various photosynthetic characteristics were exposed to low temperature during their early growth developmental stage. The photochemical activity of isolated mesophyll chloroplasts and the contents of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of stressed and non-stressed plants were compared with the aim to find out the possible changes in the relationship between parents and hybrids, and to determine the genetic basis of heterosis in F1 generation. Strong decrease in the content of chlorophylls was observed for all genotypes examined when plants were subjected to low growth temperature. Similar change was recorded for Hill reaction activity (HRA) of inbred lines but not of their F1 hybrids, and no significant response at all was found for photosystem 1 (PS1) activity or the total carotenoids content. The intraspecific variation due to differences between genotypes was found for most of photosynthetic characteristics examined. This variation was caused by the additive and dominance genetic effects. Positive dominance was the main cause of positive heterosis in HRA and in the contents of photosynthetic pigments and was much more pronounced in the stressed plants compared to the non-stressed ones. The maternal additive effects participated in the inheritance of contents of photosynthetic pigments in plants exposed to low temperature, too. and M. Körnerová, D. Holá.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
31300. The effect of medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia on hemodynamic parameters during hemorrhagic shock in minipigs
- Creator:
- Brezina, A., Tomáš Drábek, Hynek Říha, Jitka Schreiberová, and Ladislav Hess
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ketamin, ketamine, hemorrhagic shock, alpha2-agonists, remifentanil, propofol, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hemorrhagic shock (HS) represents an acute event with high mortality. The optimal combination of anesthetics that would prevent hemodynamic collapse and allow damage control surgery has not yet been determined. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of dissociative anesthetic ketamine with alpha2- agonist medetomidine (MK group, n=10) would provide superior hemodynamic control compared to propofol-remifentanil (PR group, n=10) during HS in minipigs. A modified Wiggers‘ model of HS with a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg and 2 h duration was used. All minipigs survived. HS led to a ~50 % decrease in cardiac output in both groups (P<0.001 for baseline vs. HS 120 min) with no differences between groups. Total volume of removed blood was larger in the MK group (1321±133 ml vs. 1111±246 ml in the PR group, respectively; P<0.05). MAP was higher during the initial phases of HS in the MK group than in PR group (P<0.05 at HS 30-90 min). HR was lower in the MK group at the late phases of HS (P<0.05 at HS 60-120 min). In conclusion, medetomidine-ketamine provides a feasible and possibly a more favorable alternative to the propofol-remifentanil combination in our model of HS in minipigs., A. Brezina ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public