INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
Úvod: Dekubity u paraplegiků představují náročný problém vedoucí k opakovaným hospitalizacím, mnohonásobným operacím a potenciálně devastujícím komplikacím Metody: Přehledový článek. Výsledky: Uvádíme možnosti rekonstrukčních operací ischiadických, sakrálních a trochanterických dekubitů a vlastní zkušenost s lalokovými plastikami takových dekubitů u pacientů operovaných v průběhu tří let. Závěr: Zdůrazňujeme univerzálnost a spolehlivost gluteálního laloku, nezbytnost kvalitní předoperační přípravy a pooperační péče., Introduction: Pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury represent a challenging problem that often leads to recurrent hospitalizations, multiple surgeries, and potentially devastating complications. Methods: Review article. Results: The paper presents possible types of reconstructive surgery of ischial, sacral and trochanteric pressure ulcers and our own experience with procedures of such pressure ulcers done in three years. Conclusion: We emphasize the versatility and reliability of gluteus maximus musculocutaneus flaps and the importance of preoperative preparation and postoperative care., and L. Mrňa, L. Frajer, J. Hoch, V. Hyšperská
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
BACKGROUND: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of micrometastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in whom elective neck dissection was indicated (cN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) were enrolled in the study. The age ranged 42-73 years (median 62 years). Elective neck dissection was performed in all patients (8 ipsilateral, 4 bilateral) and a total of 256 lymph nodes were removed and sent for microscopic examination. RESULTS: The presence of tumor cells in cervical lymph nodes was found in 5/12 (42%) patients. Micrometastases of SCC were found in two patients and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in two other patients. In the remaining one patient with oropharyngeal SCC, a micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected. Positive lymph nodes were localized in level II in three patients with SCC of larynx, hypopharynx and tongue base, respectively, in level I in one patient with SCC of oral tongue and in level III in one patient with PTC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SCC of head and neck has a high potential for creating micrometastases which frequency is higher compared to clinically detected macrometastases. Therefore, elective neck dissection or radiotherapy of the neck should be considered in patients with high risk of occult metastases or micrometastases. and P. Čelakovský, D. Kalfeřt, K. Smatanová, V. Chrobok, J. Laco
AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test for determining penetration/aspiration risk in patients prone to dysphagia. The priority was to achieve high sensitivity and negative predictive value. METHODS: The study screeners conducted bedside assessment of the swallowing function in 157 patients with a neurological (mainly stroke) or an ear, nose, and throat diagnosis (mainly head and neck cancer). The results were compared with a gold standard, flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. RESULTS: For the neurological subgroup (N = 106), eight statistically significant bedside assessment items were combined into the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test-Revised (BBDST-R). Cut-off score 1 produced the highest sensitivity (95.5%; 95% confidence interval CI [CI]: 84.9-98.7%) and negative predictive value (88.9%; 95% CI 67.2-96.9%). CONCLUSION: The BBDST-R is suitable for dysphagia screening in departments caring for patients with neurological conditions. and P. Mandysová, E. Ehler, J. Škvrňáková, M. Černý, I. Bártová, A. Pellant
Syndróm polycystických ovárií (PCOS) je najčastejšou endokrinopatiou u žien fertilného veku a najčastejšou príčinou porúch menštruačného cyklu. Je charakterizovaný hyperandrogénnym stavom (klinickým alebo biochemickým) a ovariálnou dysfunkciou (anovuláciou alebo ultrasonografickým nálezom polycystických ovárií), čo sú zároveň kritériá pre jeho diagnózu podľa Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. Syndróm má mnohopočetné fenotypové prejavy, medzi ktoré patrí okrem uvedených charakteristík aj metabolický syndróm, predovšetkým obezita a inzulínová rezistencia. Diagnóza PCOS je v klinickej praxi pomerne náročná a stále platí, že je diagnózou per exclusionem, po vylúčení iných príčin hyperandrogénneho stavu a chronickej oligo-anovulácie. Vyžaduje si úzku spoluprácu gynekológa, endokrinológa a z hľadiska častých metabolických komplikácií aj internistu, diabetológa a prípadne aj kardiológa. Kľúčové slová: AES kritériá – diagnóza – diferenciálna diagnóza – syndróm polycystických ovárií, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age and the most frequent cause of menstruation cycle disorders. It is marked by a hyperandrogenic state (clinical and/or biochemical) and ovulatory dysfunction (anovulation and/or ultrasonographic finding of polycystic ovaries), which are also criteria for its diagnosis according to Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. The syndrome has multiple phenotypic expressions, among them besides the above characteristics also a metabolic syndrome, primarily obesity and insulin resistance. Diagnosing of PCOS may be rather exacting in clinical practice and it remains to be a diagnosis per exclusionem, following elimination of other causes of hyperandrogenic state and chronic oligo-anovulation. It requires a close cooperation between a gynecologist and endocrinologist and with regard to frequent metabolic complications also with an internist, diabetologist and possibly cardiologist. Key words: AES criteria – diagnosis – differential diagnosis – polycystic ovary syndrome, and Ivica Lazúrová, Jana Figurová, Zora Lazúrová
Autoři ve své práci popisují kazuistiku 63leté pacientky s chronickým selháním ledvin při systémovém lupus erytematodes s vyčerpanými možnostmi cévních dialyzačních přístupů na horních končetinách, řešenou implantaci A-V zkratu na dolní končetině transponovanou vena femoralis superficialis jako první publikovaný výkon v České republice., The authors describe the case report of a 63 years old female patient with chronic renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus. Vascular dialysis access in upper limbs could no more be used. The condition was approached by constructing an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the thigh with transposed superficial femoral vein as the first procedure in the Czech Republic., and J. Buček, R. Staffa, Z. Kříž, R. Vlachovský
Diastematomyelie je vzácná vrozená vada patřící mezi spinální dysrafizmy a obvykle je asociována se syndromem míšního ukotvení. Diastematomyelie je tvořena dvěma polovinami rozštěpené míchy s vlastními durálními vaky, které jsou rozděleny osteokartilaginózním septem. Tato vada bývá diagnostikována především v dětském věku. U dospělých je vzácná a dominujícím příznakem je bolest. Autoři prezentují kazuistiku ženy ve věku 44 let s diastematomyelií, která si stěžovala na chronické bolesti zad a progredující slabost dolních končetin. U pacientky jsme provedli laminektomii, deliberaci míchy a plastiku durálního vaku. Po operaci pacientka zůstala bez neurologického deficitu a udávala výraznou úlevu od bolestí., Diastematomyelia is a rare congenital defect, a type of spinal dysraphisms, often associated with the tethered cord syndrome. Diastematomyelia is formed by the two halves of the split spinal cord that each has own dural sac separated by a rigid or fibrotic septum. This defect is mainly diagnosed in children. Pain is the dominant symptom in adult patients. The authors present a case of a woman aged 44 years with diastematomyelia who complained of chronic back pain and progressive weakness in her legs. In this patient, laminectomy was performed, the spinal cord released and the dural sac restored. After the surgery, the patient had no neurological deficits and reported significant pain relief. Key words: diastematomyelia in adults – tethered cord syndrom – split cord malformation The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and V. Novák, L. Hrabálek, M. Vaverka, M. Halaj
V České republice se v roce 2011 diagnostikovalo 7076 nových případů karcinomu prsu (132 na 100 tisíc žen). U podstatné části z těchto pacientek se po onkologické léčbě daří dosáhnout dlouhodobé kompletní remise („vyléčení“), ovšem stále u nich hrozí jednak dlouhodobé komplikace způsobené onkologickou léčbou, jednak recidiva malignity. Dlouhodobá dispenzarizace pacientek s karcinomem prsu je oblastí zájmu nejen onkologů, ale i gynekologů, praktických lékařů a chirurgů. Klíčová slova: dispenzarizace – karcinom prsu – komplikace, In the Czech Republic 7076 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2011 (132 per 100,000 women). The majority of these patients will achieve long-term complete remission (“cure”) after cancer treatment. However, they still face the risk of long-term complications caused by cancer therapy as well the recurrence of malignancy. Long-term follow-up of patients with breast cancer is an area of interest not only for oncologists, but also for gynecologists, general practitioners, and surgeons. Key words: breast cancer – follow-up – complications, and Tomáš Büchler
ČSKB: Friedecký B., Jabor A., Kratochvíla J., Rajdl D., Kettner J., Franeková J.; Akutní kardiologie ČJS: Janota T., Pudil R., Hnátek T., Rokyta R. and Literatura