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312. Pomohou si strany samy? Úloha ženských sdružení uvnitř politických stran zastoupených v Poslanecké sněmovně parlamentu ČR
- Creator:
- Veronika Šprincová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, politika, ženy v politice, politické strany, ženské hnutí, politics, women in politics, political parties, women's movement, women party activists, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of this article is to fill in the gap in research focusing on the problem of the political participation of women in the Czech Republic. Based on text and interview analysis, it explains the role of women activists in Czech parliamentary parties in endorsing women for election to representative bodies. The article begins by describing the associations formed by women party activists and their position within the party structure, and then looks at the role of these associations in supporting women’s access to political structures. It also describes how women party activists take into account the barriers to women’s political participation and possible ways of removing these restraints. The final part introduces the hypothesis that although the creation of these associations seems to be a positive step towards improving women chances of gaining access to representative bodies, in their present form and circumstances they have no power to achieve any significant improvement in the status quo., Veronika Šprincová., tabulka, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
313. Populační vývoj v politickém okrese Kolín v letech 1880-1910
- Creator:
- Iva Blűmelová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Demografie. Populace, 19.-20. století, historická demografie, okresy, populační růst, historical demography, districts, population growth, Kolín (Česko), politický okres Kolín, populační vývoj, Political District of Kolín, population development, 18, and 314
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of this article is to analyse population development in the district´s area in the period of 1880-1910. The demographical transition continued in Bohemia until the end of the 19th century with changing populations and reproductive behaviour. The political district of Kolín belonged among Czech areas with fairly early asserted changes. That was because of the region´s economic maturity and also the closeness to Prague, from where these new tendencies of reproductive behaviour spread. Population development was also influenced by high migration., Iva Blümelová., and Obsahuje odkazy pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
314. Posílení postavení žen v rozvojovém světě: panelová diskuse
- Creator:
- Lenka Formánková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rovné postavení mužů a žen, gender, konference, gender equality, conferences, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Lenka Formánková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
315. Postoj k sexuálnímu obtěžování: profesionalita versus svoboda?
- Creator:
- Petr Pavlík, Irena Smetáčková, and Kateřina Kolářová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sexuální obtěžování, vysokoškolští studenti, vysoké školy, sexual harassment, college students, universities and colleges, 18, and 364
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Petr Pavlík, Irena Smetáčková, Kateřina Kolářová., Poznámky, and Citace na: Horský, Jan. Lidé města. Roč. 12, č. 1 (2010) (článek)
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
316. Postoje českých lékařů k medicíně a ke změnám v praxi reprodukční medicíny
- Creator:
- Lenka Slepičková and Iva Šmídová
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie lékařství, lékaři, reprodukční medicína, medical sociology, physicians, reproductive medicine, Česko, Czechia, changes and problems of Czech medicine, attitudes to new technologies, profession of medical doctors, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Recent trends in health care provision, targeted by social science researchers employing concepts such as deprofessionalization, routinisation, proletarisation or commercialisation, also provide insight into the current situation in the Czech healthcare system. This article contributes to debates in, and about, Czech medicine. This paper presents results from a survey of physicians conducted in late 2012. Within this survey, medical doctors expressed their opinions about the general situation in Czech medicine. Czech doctors were also asked about their opinions about the introduction of potential changes in reproductive medicine practice relating to childbirth outside hospitals, accessibility to assisted reproduction for single women, performing caesarean sections upon request. Doctors’ attitudes towards medical manipulation of DNA and embryos were also examined. The survey results presented in this study suggest that there are deep gaps in the attitudes of Czech doctors depending on their working environment. The empirical results do not support an image of homogeneity in doctors’ medical opinions. Czech physicians’ attitudes are shown to correlate with some socio-demographic characteristics such as sex category, age or religion. The attitudes of some doctors toward assisted reproduction techniques or changes in obstetric practices are supportive of demands for change made by some patients. Physician support for change of the practices under question is more evident in medical specialisations such as gynaecology and obstetrics than in other areas of Czech medicine. Answers to open-ended questions that examined perception of the most serious problems in modern medicine were dominated by specific issues arising from experience with patients and broader concerns regarding the Czech healthcare system., Lenka Slepičková a Iva Šmídová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
317. Postoje, hodnoty a demografické chování v České a Slovenské republice v období transformace (1991-2008)
- Creator:
- Rabušic, Ladislav and Chromková Manea, Beatrice Elena
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- hodnoty, názory a postoje, values, rodina, family, manželství, views and attitudes, marriage, value of children, value of marriage, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This paper examines the variation in personal values and attitudes towards family and marriage in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Czech and Slovak societies have been characterized by an intensive transformation process since 1989. The political and economic transformation was followed by intensive demographic changes (some even talk about a second demographic transition) that was similar in both societies. Here it is assumed that values are independent variables that have an impact on behaviour, and it is argued that demographic changes have been brought about by changes in values and attitudes concerning the family, marriage and children. Therefore, this article examines if the trends in value observed between 1991 and 2008 were accompanied by similar demographic changes. Data from three waves of the European Value Study (EVS) are used together with official vital demographic statistics., Ladislav Rabušic, Beatrice Chromková Manea., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
318. Potíže s hmotou: Judith Butler a/nebo nový materialismus?
- Creator:
- Porkertová, Hana
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociologie, sociology, poststructuralism, matter, new materialism, Judith Butler, gender, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article presents the contemporary feminist stream of new materialism, and compares and contracts it with the linguistic branch of poststructuralism which has been criticized by new materialism for neglecting matter. The paper first discusses points of departure these two streams share, specifically, a critique of Western metaphysics, and in particular the fundamental interrogation of dualities and the idea of a stable inner essence in Western thought. Consequently, the article shortly introduces the starting points of new materialism and presents Judith Butler’s ideas on matter which are pivotal for the comparison that follows. The comparison of the two streams concentrates on the following issues: ontology, power, the abject, difference, subject and embodiment. The article stresses strong and weak points of both the streams and presents them as complementary rather than contradictory approaches., Hana Porkertová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
319. Poválečný sociologický výzkum města Brna z roku 1947 a metodika jeho soudobého zpracování z pohledu historicko-sociologické analýzy průmyslového dělnictva před rokem 1948
- Creator:
- Dušan Janák, Martin Stanoev, and Petr Hušek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 1947, sociologický výzkum, analýza dat, sociologie, metodologie, dělníci, sociological research, data analysis, sociology, methodology, working class, Brno (Česko), Brno (Czechia), Brno social study, industry workers, secondary data analysis, the year 1947, Czech sociology, 18, and 316
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The present paper deals with the Brno Social Study, a rather extraordinary questionnaire survey given its extent and time (1947). Data analysis was forestalled by the political transformation after 1948, but the questionnaires were preserved. We have inherited a unique set of data for a historical-sociological analysis focusing both on the population of industry workers and on the social structure of Czech society in the advent of the communist coup. The Brno Social Study is contextualized in the state of post-war sociology, and the avenues toward its inception and implementation are mapped. The central part of the paper analyses the survey data from a contemporary analytical perspective, discussing the dataset’s representativeness. The primary objective of the paper is to propose, and initiate scholarly debate about, a feasible methodology for analysing the archived data today. The methodology serves to construct a representative sample through a combination of purposive, quota and random sampling; to determine the respondents’ socio-economic status using both ISCO and an original conceptualization of working class status; and to present certain data on respondents’ lifestyles that might be of interest for future analyses., Dušan Janák, Martin Stanoev a Petr Hušek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
320. Poziční generátor a měření sociálního kapitálu v egocentrické síti
- Creator:
- Jiří Šafr
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, sociální kapitál, sociální výzkum, měření, social capital (sociology), social research, measurement, egocentric social networks, position generator, network measures, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- b1_The Position Generator (PG) represents one method of measuring egocentric social networks, and key facets of social capital. Respondents are asked if they know a person from a list of jobs that have different social status. The Social Distance Survey (2007) fielded a Czech version of the PG which examined 18 jobs and investigated the strength and duration of ties, and gender of contacts. In this article, we first compare distributions obtained from the PG with the same occupations in population (egos) and from the name generator. Second, measures of social capital were computed. These include extensity, upper reachability, range and an aggregate index called ‘Access Social Capital.’ There are also estimates of lower reachability, mean and total status in a network. In addition, new measures are introduced such as (a) ‘average status combined with status range’ which reflects the “double advantage in networks”, (b) gender and strength of tie diversity, (c) relative measures of gender/ status congruence, and (d) inductive scales measuring access to high and low status professions. Validity of selected social capital measures is assessed using regression models that are operationalised with key socio-demographic variables, and indicators that measure the ethnic and educational diversity within ego networks. These models reveal that differences in the stock of social capital are primarily influenced by education, ISEI (an occupation status), and employment status. The most important relation is in between an ego’s status and a mean network ISEI score, upper reachability, and their interaction. This finding implies that these network measures best capture the concept of hierarchically ordered social resources., b2_The validity of the PG is also assessed using a correlation analysis of the effects or outputs of the social network, i.e. income, job mobility, social trust, life satisfaction, and tolerance of ethnic groups. The article concludes with a comparison with other egocentric social network techniques and recommendations for further work., Jiří Šafr., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public