In this paper we define the ap-Denjoy integral and show that the ap-Denjoy integral is equivalent to the ap-Henstock integral and the integrals are equal.
The note is related to a recently published paper J. M. Park, J. J. Oh, C.-G. Park, D. H. Lee: The AP-Denjoy and AP-Henstock integrals. Czech. Math. J. 57 (2007), 689–696, which concerns a descriptive characterization of the approximate Kurzweil-Henstock integral. We bring to attention known results which are stronger than those contained in the aforementioned work. We show that some of them can be formulated in terms of a derivation basis defined by a local system of which the approximate basis is known to be a particular case. We also consider the relation between the $\sigma $-finiteness of variational measure generated by a function and the classical notion of the generalized bounded variation.
During the years 1994-1999, several hundreds of thousands of H. axyridis adults were released at various cultivations infested by aphids (citrus, vegetable and bean crops, maize etc.) and on ornamental plants in urban settings in central and southern Greece (mainly Attica and Peloponessos region) as well as on several islands. Between 1995-1999, spring sampling was conducted in some areas, just prior to releases, in order to determine if H. axyridis overwintered in the field. No presence of H. axyridis was recorded in any of the orchards where the predator had been released save in spring of 1998 and 1999 when small colonies (<50 individuals) of overwintered H. axyridis adults were observed in the Attica region. The above results suggest an inability of released H. axyridis populations to establish in Greece, although in some areas this species became an important biocontrol agent during the growing season.
The text describes the optimization task of renewable energy sources distributed to electrical microgrid of fictitious intelligent area that consists of intelligent buildings. Firstly, to solve this task a general optimization heuristic method of simulated annealing will be described. Testing was performed on the analytical functions but those will be only covered marginally. Of the tests on the approximation functions the method of simulated annealing would be the most suitable algorithm for the optimization task. Furthermore, two experiments were introduced. The first lies in the application of cluster analysis on daily diagrams of electricity consumption in intelligent buildings. Because the modeled year history of hourly electricity consumption is represented by multidimensional data this data forms the training set during the adaptive dynamics submitted to a competence model of neural network by days. After the network adaptation process the Kohonen's map during the adaptive dynamics will be drawn, from which required clusters can be read. In the second experiment a sorting design of the resources for typical days of a week is performed in the computer program UniCon.
The presented study deals with an object-relation mental model of drivers reasoning. The model stands on logic positions and brings a degree of logical proving into advanced microscopic models of road traffic. The future improvement of microscopic simulation is possible only by improvement of driver's behavior models, applying mental models of human drivers. The works are based on many sources: robotics, mathematical logic, cognitive science, computer science (ontologies, object oriented representation), and psychological researches from the fields of mental capacity, human problem solving, etc.
This paper discusses the application of Neural Logic Networks in time series forecasting. Neural Logic Networks are systems that are developed to incorporate the strengths of neural networks and expert systems, which is equivalent to the human processes of logic and intuition [1]. This paper examines their prospect in forecasting of time series and compares their performance with linear models and the Feed Forward Neural Network. Additionally, the suitability of logic rules, generated from a Neural Logic Network, as potential inputs to forecasting systems is also examined. They are applied on two different meteorological series with strong features: a mean hourly wind speed series that exhibits behavior similar to random walk and an hourly solar radiation series selected because of its seasonal nátuře with discontinuities.
The pattern of postglacial re-colonization of Europe and the present population structure are known for various plant and animal species. The reed beetle Macroplea mutica (Fabricius, 1792) has characteristics that should influence both aspects in a peculiar way and therefore complement the currently known scenarios: It is fully aquatic but cannot swim or fly. Samples from 25 European populations of M. mutica and five specimens from China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP, 251 loci). Assessment of error rates associated with this method showed that the data set contains a strong population genetic signal. As hypothesized pronounced population differentiation and signs of inbreeding were found. Italian populations are clearly differentiated from northern populations (and from each other), which underlines the role of the Alps as a major barrier. Specimens from Lake Balaton (Hungary) show some affiliation with the populations in the Baltic Sea, which are all relatively similar. Populations from the eastern part of Northern Germany are similar to the Baltic populations, while those from the western part are allied to the British populations. The hypothesis is that the recolonization of Europe was from both the Southeast and a western refugium in the area of present-day southern England or Ireland, which resulted in a suture zone in Northern Germany. The effect of passive dispersal by drift attached to host plant material (especially in the Baltic Sea) and by zoochory (migrating waterfowl) is discussed.
The behavioural response of an aphid-tending ant, the Argentine ant Linepithema humile, to semiochemicals related with spacing behaviour in the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was evaluated. The compounds involved were 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol (MHOH), and 2-tridecanone (2-T). Hexane solutions of these semiochemicals either singly or mixed, and extracts obtained by trapping volatile compounds from wheat seedlings either alone or infested with two different densities of aphids were used as stimuli in olfactometric bioassays. Ants showed attraction to volatile extracts from plants infested at both densities, and slightly preferred volatile compounds from lightly over heavily infested plants in a choice test. On the other hand, while a dose-dependent repellence response was elicited by the naturally-occurring mixture of MHO, MHOH and 2-T, single compounds did not elicit significant responses in olfactometric bioassays. The function of these semiochemicals as indicators of quality of the aphid colonies as trophic resource to ants is discussed.