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1183. Long-term acclimation of barley photosynthetic apparatus to narrow-band red and blue light

Creator:
Kochetova, G. V., Belyaeva, O. B., Gorshkova, D. S., Vlasova, T. A., Bassarskaya, E. M., Zhigalova, T. V., and Avercheva, O. V.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
LED, elektronová mikroskopie, spektrofluorimetrie, electron microscopy, spectrofluorimetry, spillover, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Chloroplasts of barley plants grown under red light (RL, 660 nm) dramatically differed from the chloroplasts of plants raised under blue light (BL, 450 nm) or control plants (white light). The chloroplasts under RL had an extensive membrane system with high stacking degree and disordered irregular shaped stacks (shaggy-formed grana). After 5 h in darkness, dynamic rearrangements of chloroplast architecture in RL- and especially BL-grown plants were restricted compared with control plants. The light spectral quality affected the content and proportions of photosynthetic pigments. The leaves of RL-grown plants had the increased ratio of low-temperature fluorescence bands, F741/F683, corresponding to emission of PSI and PSII, respectively. This increase can be related to specific architecture of chloroplasts in RL-treated plants, providing close spacing between the two photosystems, which enhances energy transfer from PSII to PSI and facilitates the movement of LHCII toward PSI., G. V. Kochetova, O. B. Belyaeva, D. S. Gorshkova, T. A. Vlasova, E. M. Bassarskaya, T. V. Zhigalova, O. V. Avercheva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1184. Long-term partitioning of space between two territorial species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their effect on subordinate species

Creator:
Wojciech Czechowski, Markó, Bálint, Radchenko, Alexander, and Slipinski, Piotr
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Formica polyctena, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, ants, Lasius fuliginosus, Myrmica, competition, conflicts, interspecific hierarchy, territoriality, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Competition is a major force organizing ant communities and results in co-occurring species evolving different strategies for foraging and use of space. Territorial species, as top dominants exclude each other, while shaping the local ant communities both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study we examined how two territorial species, Formica polyctena and Lasius fuliginosus, can coexist in adjacent territories over long periods of time, and whether they affect co-occurring species of ants in different ways. Field observations in the absence and in the presence of baits were carried out around a L. fuliginosus nest complex surrounded by a polydomous F. polyctena colony in S Finland in 2007–2009. Both species controlled their territories, but were affected by changes in the abundance of the other species and the distance from L. fuliginosus’ main nest. They did not have the same effect on the subordinate species in the absence of baits, but the abundance of Myrmica spp. recorded at baits was negatively affected by both of the territorial species. The preferences of the different species for the artificial food sources differed: L. fuliginosus and F. polyctena preferred tuna to honey and Myrmica spp. honey to tuna. More individuals of the subordinate species were recorded in the territory of F. polyctena than of L. fuliginosus, although conflicts with this territorial species were also recorded. During the three years of the study almost no overlaps in the territories of the two territorial species were recorded, and there were mostly minor shifts in the boundaries of the territories. Differences between the two territorial species in their use of space and competitive effects ensured their coexistence at this particular site in Finland., Wojciech Czechowski ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1185. Loss of photosynthesis signals a metabolic reprogramming to sustain sugar homeostasis during senescence of green leaves: Role of cell wall hydrolases

Creator:
Biswal, B. and Pandey, J. K.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, cell wall hydrolases, senescence, sugar homeostasis, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Leaf senescence is always associated with decline in photosynthesis, consequently a loss of cellular sugar. On the other hand, execution of senescence program needs energy and leaves, therefore, tend to collect sugars from other sources to sustain energy homeostasis. This sugar reprogramming induced by loss of sugar involves operation of a complex catabolic network. The exact molecular mechanism of induction and regulation of the network, however, is not fully resolved but the current literature available suggests sugar starvation as a signal for induction of several senescence-associated genes including the genes coding for the enzymes for degradation of cellular constituents and their conversion to respiratory sugars. The late expression of genes coding for the cell wall hydrolases and enhancement in the activity of these enzymes late during senescence are indicative of the cell wall polysaccharides as the last source of sugars to sustain energy homeostasis for execution of the senescence program., B. Biswal, J. K. Pandey., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1186. Lotus corniculatus L. response to carbon dioxide concentration and radiation level variations

Creator:
Kostopoulou, P. and Karatassiou, M.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
světlo, light, elevace, index plasticity, ambient conditions, birdsfoot trefoil, elevation, photosynthetic rate, plasticity index, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Carbon dioxide concentration and light conditions may greatly vary between mountainous and lowland areas determining the photosynthetic performance of plants species. This paper aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic responses of Lotus corniculatus, growing in a mountain and a lowland grassland, under low and high radiation and CO2 concentration. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration were measured while the water-use efficiency and the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence were calculated. Photosynthetic response curves to different levels of radiation and intercellular CO2 partial pressure were estimated. Our results showed that high radiation and CO2 concentration enhanced water-use efficiency of plants at both sites, enabling them to use more efficiently the available water reserves under drought conditions. The increase of radiation and CO2 concentration would enhance the photosynthetic performance of the mountainous population of L. corniculatus, which overall seems to express higher phenotypic plasticity., P. Kostopoulou, M. Karatassiou., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1187. Louky Krkonošského národního parku pohledem rostlinných ekologů

Creator:
Skálová, Hana and František Krahulec
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana, louky, národní parky, ekologie, Krkonošský národní park (Česko), Krkonoše (Česko a Polsko : pohoří), 2, and 502
Language:
Czech
Description:
Semi-natural grasslands form an important part of the National Park and determine the landscape character of the area. Due to migration and human activities, plant species from the foothills and alpine areas have come into contact in the montane zone and coexist in new communities. The mechanisms behind the high diversity of local grasslands have been investigated since the 1980s. and Hana Skálová, František Krahulec.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1188. Loupeživé výpravy a rozmnožování u otrokářských mravenců a další případy sociálního parazitismu

Creator:
Amcha, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, biologie, mravencovití, rozmnožování (biologie), parazitičtí živočichové, otrokáři, loupeže, reproduction, biology, ants, parasitic animals, slaveholders, loupežení, parazitismus, parasitism, inkvilinie, duloze, otrokářští mravenci, loupeživí mravenci, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek popisuje tzv. závislý způsob zakládání kolonie u mravenců. Ten má několik stupňů závislosti - od závislosti na cizím mraveništi pouze v počátku vzniku kolonie (dočasná závislost) až po trvalé soužití dvou mravenčích druhů. To má několik stupňů, počínaje prostým hostováním (xenobióza) a konče příležitostným (fakultativním) otrokářstvím - tzv. inkvilinie, nebo trvalým (obligatorním) otrokářstvím - tzv. duloze. Trvalé otrokářství je spojeno s nutností pořádat otrokářské výpravy za plodem pomocných mravenců (otroků). Mimo jiné je jich využito i pro založení nové kolonie otrokářů., Dependent ways of nest foundation in some ant species are described. These include various types of social parasitism ranging from temporary parasitism to both optional and obligatory slavery. The latter is the strongest form of dependence of the slave-making ant on its slaves and is accompanied by the inability of the slaver species to survive without its slaves. On the other hand, slave-making ants are famous for their orientation in the field and movement over long distances. These abilities are used, e.g., by the European Amazon Ant (Polyergus rufescens) in its special strategy of nest foundation based on co­operation between workers and the freshly inseminated queen during a slavery raid., and Pavel Amcha.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1189. Lovci, nebo zahradníci?: komplexní výzkum vodních masožravých bublinatek

Creator:
Lubomír Adamec, Dagmara Sirová, Jaroslav Vrba, Jiří Bárta, Šantrůček, Jiří, and Karel Šimek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Biologické vědy, masožravé rostliny, bublinatkovité, vodní rostliny, přírodovědný výzkum, fyziologie rostlin, carnivorous plants, Lentibulariaceae, water plants, natural science research, plant physiology, bublinatky, vodní bublinatky, Utricularia, 2, and 57/59
Language:
Czech
Description:
V návaznosti na naše předchozí články tento příspěvek shrnuje a osvětluje pozoruhodné až rekordní vlastnosti vodních masožravých rostlin bublinatek (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae) na úrovni ekofyziologické, biofyzikální i molekulárně genetické. Patří mezi ně velice rychlý vrcholový růst prýtu, rekordně vysoká rychlost fotosyntézy a velmi účinná reutilizace N a P ze starých prýtů, ale nikoliv K. Byl prokázán velmi rychlý průběh spuštění pastí, jejich spontánní spouštění bez mechanického podnětu po určité době, rozsáhlé vylučování organických látek do tekutiny pastí k podpoře pasťových mikrobních komenensálů i komplexní regulace tvorby pastí., As a follow-up to our previous papers, this paper summarises and elucidates remarkable and record-breaking eco-physiological, biophysical, and molecular characteristics of aquatic carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae). These include the very rapid apical shoot growth, record high photosynthetic rate, and very effective N and P (but not K) reutilization in old shoots. Moreover, an extremely rapid time-course of trap firing, their spontaneous firing without any mechanical stimulus after certain time periods, extensive secretion of organic substances to the trap fluid to support microbial trap commensals, and a complex regulation of trap production are shown and discussed here., and Lubomír Adamec, Dagmara Sirová, Jaroslav Vrba, Jiří Bárta, Jiří Šantrůček, Karel Šimek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1190. Low concentrations of glycine inhibit photorespiration and enhance the net rate of photosynthesis in Caragana korshinskii

Creator:
Kang, T., Wu, H. D., Lu, B. Y., Luo, X. J., Gong, C. M., and Bai, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, chlorofylová fluorescence, výměna plynu, pozitivní korelace, stomatální faktor, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, nonstomatal factor, stomatal factor, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The inhibition of photorespiration can be used to improve plant carbon fixation. In order to compare the effects of three photorespiration inhibitors [glycine, NaHSO3, and isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH)], photosynthetic parameters of leaves sprayed respectively with these chemicals were examined and their inhibiting efficiency was evaluated in Caragana korshinskii. Our results showed that 5 mM glycine could reduce the photorespiratory rate (PR) effectively, while the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) significantly increased. The ratio of electron flow for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation to RuBP oxygenation was elevated markedly. NaHSO3 and INH could also suppress the PR in some cases, whereas PN was not improved. The glyoxylate content increased considerably after application of low concentrations of glycine. These results suggested that low concentrations of glycine could suppress photorespiration by feed-back inhibition of glyoxylate and enhance photosynthesis by regulating gs, Ci, and the distribution of electron flow in C. korshinskii., T. Kang, H. D. Wu, B. Y. Lu, X. J. Luo, C. M. Gong, J. Bai., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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