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2. Habitat factors influencing the presence of adult Calopteryx splendens (Odonata: Zygoptera)
- Creator:
- Ward, Louise and Mill, Peter J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Range expansion, Calopteryx splendens, riverine, habitat preference, territoriality, and habitat availability
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1. In Great Britain the distribution of the riverine damselfly Calopteryx splendens is predominantly southern. However, the last decade has seen records of the species in previously unoccupied areas in the northeast of England, prompting speculation regarding northward range expansion. The current study is the first to quantify the physical features of the habitat that influence the presence of C. splendens. 2. A field survey was carried out on the physical characteristics of habitat supporting C. splendens along a section of the River Wharfe, West Yorkshire, U.K. Adult C. splendens were marked uniquely for individual identification in order to assess the occurrence of the species within different habitat patches of the study area. 3. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify the significant habitat variables in explaining the occurrence of adult C. splendens. 4. The most important habitat factor in determining the presence of C. splendens was the height of the vegetation at the edge of the river. Significant negative relationships were found between the presence of C. splendens and tree coverage along the bank, and between its presence and increased bank height. 5. The distribution of C. splendens is affected by the natural physical features of the habitat, anthropogenic disturbance and the behaviour of the species itself. 6. The importance of quantitative habitat data in species conservation, particularly with regard to range expansion, is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. K otázce regionálních projevů a teritoriality v mladém paleolitu Moravy
- Creator:
- Oliva, Martin
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mladý paleolit, Morava, sídelní oblasti, kamenné suroviny, paleolitické umění, teritorialita, Upper Palaeolithic, Moravia, settlement areas, raw materials, Palaeolithic art, and territoriality
- Language:
- Czech and French
- Description:
- Z rozšíření a polohy sídlišť lze pro všechny úseky paleolitu rekonstruovat typ obývané krajiny, který se liší hlavně podle požadavků hospodářského a společenského života. Jednotlivé regiony Moravy se výrazně odlišují přírodním prostředím, výskytem kamenných surovin i vzdáleností od hlavních komunikačních tras. Ta mohla hrát důležitější roli než morfologie terénu. S komunikací souvisí i podíl importovaných surovin. Role variability štípaných industrií je při posuzování teritoriality dvojznačná: výrobky s vysokým sociálním statusem (např. pečlivě opracované hroty) jakož i vzorky zvláštních surovin mohly cirkulovat i mezi nositeli různých kulturních tradic, a tím stírat jedinečnost industrií, kterou opět posilovala snaha o zdůraznění identity skupiny tradiční výrobou artefaktů určitého typu. Srovnání jednotlivých lokalit nasvědčuje daleko větší stabilitě osídlení (z níž mj. vyvěrá i teritoriální chování), než by odpovídalo tradiční představě potulného způsobu života pravěkých lovců-sběračů. and Regional patterns and territoriality of the Upper Palaeolithic Moravia. From the distribution and geography of sites, one can reconstruct the type of landscape inhabited for each Upper Palaeolithic period. This type differs chiefly in economic and/or social requirements, which may or may not be similar in individual cultures. Sometimes, it was the distance of the inhabited region from the communication arteries, rather than landscape morphology, which played the major part. There also is a direct connection between communications and transport of alien raw materials. Less clear is the role of the lithic typology. Here it is not the question of the possible differences in activities but rather the considerably underestimated social role of the chipped industry composition. Tools showing high social status (highly elaborated weapons), bearing the role of social communication, can get into a quite different social milieu. On the contrary, the spectrum of lithic industries of the same initial tradition may become diversified to strengthen the group identity in a symbolic way. Even the variability of adornments or even artistic features can operate in this way. On the other hand, it is a fact that the ideological subsystems, reflecting art as well, are common to populations over a large territory. The comparison indicates much greater degree of regional patterns than would correspond to the traditional concept of nomadic hunter-gatherers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
4. Long range movements by individuals as a vehicle for range expansion in Calopteryx splendens (Odonata: Zygoptera)
- Creator:
- Ward, Louise and Mill, Peter
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zygoptera, Calopteryx splendens, dispersal, migratory movements, non-migratory movements, range expansion, and territoriality
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- 1. Flight activity in zygopterans is generally restricted to short-range movements associated with foraging, reproductive activity and escape. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that Calopteryx species, including C. splendens, are relatively sedentary species, with a low tendency for long distance movements. 2. Recent observations suggest that C. splendens is expanding its northern range in the UK; in the northeast the species is now well established in Northumberland and, in the northwest, has recently spread into south-west Scotland. The current study aimed to investigate the mobility and dispersal tendency of C. splendens in a well-established breeding population in NE England. 3. A mark-release-recapture study was carried out on a population of C. splendens along a section of the River Wharfe, West Yorkshire, UK. 831 adult C. splendens were marked uniquely for individual identification in order to monitor the day-to-day, and overall, distance and direction of movement for each individual. Of these 381 were recaptured at least once. 4. The majority of males (85%) and females (88%) moved a distance of 100 m or less and only five of the recaptured individuals (1.3%) moved a minimum distance in excess of 500 m. Although the median distance moved by males was greater than that for females, this was not significant. In addition, there was no significant difference in the number of either males or females moving upstream as opposed to downstream. 5. The results are compared with those from other studies on calopterygid movement. Although most individual C. splendens stay within a suggested home range of approximately 300 m, clearly individuals have the potential to cover relatively long distances, and it is these latter movements that play a fundamental role in increasing the range of the species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Long-term partitioning of space between two territorial species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their effect on subordinate species
- Creator:
- Wojciech Czechowski, Markó, Bálint, Radchenko, Alexander, and Slipinski, Piotr
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Formica polyctena, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, ants, Lasius fuliginosus, Myrmica, competition, conflicts, interspecific hierarchy, territoriality, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Competition is a major force organizing ant communities and results in co-occurring species evolving different strategies for foraging and use of space. Territorial species, as top dominants exclude each other, while shaping the local ant communities both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study we examined how two territorial species, Formica polyctena and Lasius fuliginosus, can coexist in adjacent territories over long periods of time, and whether they affect co-occurring species of ants in different ways. Field observations in the absence and in the presence of baits were carried out around a L. fuliginosus nest complex surrounded by a polydomous F. polyctena colony in S Finland in 2007–2009. Both species controlled their territories, but were affected by changes in the abundance of the other species and the distance from L. fuliginosus’ main nest. They did not have the same effect on the subordinate species in the absence of baits, but the abundance of Myrmica spp. recorded at baits was negatively affected by both of the territorial species. The preferences of the different species for the artificial food sources differed: L. fuliginosus and F. polyctena preferred tuna to honey and Myrmica spp. honey to tuna. More individuals of the subordinate species were recorded in the territory of F. polyctena than of L. fuliginosus, although conflicts with this territorial species were also recorded. During the three years of the study almost no overlaps in the territories of the two territorial species were recorded, and there were mostly minor shifts in the boundaries of the territories. Differences between the two territorial species in their use of space and competitive effects ensured their coexistence at this particular site in Finland., Wojciech Czechowski ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Movements of barbel, Barbus barbus (Pisces: Cyprinidae)
- Creator:
- Peňáz, Milan, Baruš, Vlastimil, Prokeš, Miroslav, and Homolka, Miloslav
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- tagging, resident and mobile fish, territoriality, metapopulation, and riffle-pool development
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Altogether 701 adult barbel, Barbus barbus were captured by electrofishing and individually tagged to study their local displacement and movements in a stretch of the River Jihlava (Czech Republic). A total of 149 fish were recaptured and 105 of them (70.47 %) were considered as ”resident” because they were always recaptured in the same, relatively restricted (250 - 780 m) stream section, which always contained a pool and was demarcated naturally by riffles on both edges. The remaining 44 recaptured specimens (29.53 %) belonged to the “mobile” part of population, their movements encompassing two (or exceptionally more) adjacent stream sections and at maximum a distance of 1680 m downstream or 2020 m upstream. The proportion of mobile barbel, relatively low in smaller and middle size classes, increased in the largest size classes (451–550 mm of SL). A rather limited extent of movements also suggests a relatively small area of home range in the studied stretch, which nevertheless provides satisfactory resources and favourable conditions required by barbel over their entire life cycle. The extent of movements and corresponding proportion of mobile fish appear to be increasing with diminishing habitat patchiness. In the stretch of River Jihlava studied, with a rich patchy heterogenous habitat and well developed riffle-pool-raceway structure, each section (pool) can be considered as a more or less isolated spatial unit containing its own, and in a certain degree, isolated component of a metapopulation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
7. Sexual differences in the morphology and movement of a butterfly: good shape does not make good dispersers
- Creator:
- Reim, Elisabeth, Widderich, Fee , and Fischer, Klaus
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lycaena tityrus, dispersal, flight capacity, flight performance, sexual dimorphism, and territoriality
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Movements are involved in several routine processes and may scale up to important ecological processes such as dispersal. However, movement is affected by a wealth of factors including flight capacity and behavioural traits. Both frequently differ in the sexes, which may well affect movement. We here aim to disentangle the relative importance of sexual differences in flight capacity versus behaviour on small-scale movements under controlled laboratory conditions in the temperate-zone butterfly Lycaena tityrus. The morphology of males is typically associated with increased flight capacity in this species. Nevertheless, the flight performances of the sexes did not differ, but the mobility of the females was higher. Thus, flight capacity and patterns of movement may not be intimately associated. Rather, the costs and benefits of flight seem to differ substantially between the sexes, with females being more mobile, potentially as a risk spreading strategy, while males are territorial and thus more sedentary. Thus, predictions regarding movement based on morphology are difficult.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public