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1272. Modulated increased UV-B radiation affects crop growth and grain yield and quality of maize in the field
- Creator:
- Yin, L. N. and Wang, S. W.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, growth, maize, quality, UV-B radiation, yield, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Current research on the effect of increased UV-B radiation on crop production has been limited to exposing plants to improbable UV-B dose or growth condition. The objective of this study was to test the effects of short-term modulated increased UV-B radiation on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, grain yield, and quality under field conditions for three years. A modulated irradiance system was used to maintain UV-B radiation at 30% above the ambient level and was applied daily between the elongation and silking stages of maize. The result indicated that increased UV-B radiation adversely affected maize growth and yield, especially on plant height when UV-B was enhanced at the elongation stage and on yield when UV-B was enhanced near the silking stage. Yield reduction that induced by enhanced UV-B radiation was associated with reductions in number of kernels per row and kernel mass. Protein content of grains was increased with enhanced UV-B radiation, but oil and starch contents were not affected. This study confirmed the sensitivity of maize to increased UV-B radiation under the field condition, and contributed to understand the full negative and positive effects of increased UV-B radiation on crop production., L. N. Yin, S. W. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1273. Modulation of substance P signaling by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzymatic activity in human glioma cell lines
- Creator:
- Petr Bušek, Jarmila Stremeňová, Evžen Křepela, and Aleksi Šedo
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, gliomy, vápník, physiology, gliomas, calcium, dipeptidyl peptidase, substance P, NK1 receptor, calcium signaling, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, CD26) is a serine protease almost ubiquitously expressed on cell surface and present in body fluids. DPP-IV has been suggested to proteolytically modify a number of biologically active peptides including substance P (SP) and the chemokine stro mal cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α, CXCL12). SP and SDF-1α have been implicated in the regulation of multiple biological processes and also induce responses that may be relevant for glioma progression. Both SP and SDF-1α are signaling through cell surface receptors and use intracellular calcium as a second messenger. The effect of DPP-IV on intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by SP and SDF- α was monitored in suspension of wild type U373 and DPP-IV transfected U373DPPIV glioma cells using indicator FURA-2. Nanomolar concentrations of SP triggered a transient dose dependent increase in intracellular calcium rendering the cells refractory to repeated stimulation, while SDF-1α had no measurable effect. SP signaling in DPP-IV overexpressing U373DPPIV cells was not substantially different from that in wild type cells. However, preincubation of SP with the DPP-IV overexpressing cells lead to the loss of its signaling potential, which could be prevented with DPP-IV inhibitors. Taken together, DPP-IV may proteolytically inactivate local mediators involved in gliomagenesis., P. Bušek, J, Stremeňová, E. Křepela, A. Šedo., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1274. Mokřadní louky Sedlčanska - střípky z krajin minulých
- Creator:
- Jiří Malíček
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, flóra, mokřadní ekosystémy, louky, mokřady, Sedlčany (Česko), 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In contrast to the typical Central Bohemian landscape, the Sedlčany region is characterized by quite a high concentration of wet meadows; most of them discovered during the last few years. Though it is only a fragment of their original extent. Suitable management is absent at most localities, but a restoration of farming on selected meadows has recently been started. and J.Malíček.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1275. Molecular analysis of the gut contents of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a method for detecting intra-guild predation by this species on aphidophagous predators other than coccinellids
- Creator:
- Ingels, Brecht, Aebi, Alexandre, Hautier, Louis, Van Leeuwen, Thomas, and De Cercq, Patrick
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla carnea, Diptera, Syrphidae, Episyrphus balteatus, intraguild predation, gut-content analysis, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Several studies have demonstrated that the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a strong intra-guild predator of native species of ladybird. Laboratory studies have shown that H. axyridis can be an intra-guild predator of aphid predators other than coccinellids, including the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus and lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. However, little is known about the effect of intra-guild predation (IGP) by H. axyridis on hoverfly and lacewing populations in the field. In the present study molecular analyses were used to detect the DNA of E. balteatus and C. carnea in the gut contents of H. axyridis. Primers for the syrphid and chrysopid prey were designed and feeding experiments performed to determine how long prey DNA remains detectable in the guts of this ladybird. DNA detection was influenced by the life stage of the predator and species of prey. Meal size did not affect detection time, except when fourth instar individuals of H. axyridis were fed 10 eggs or one second instar of C. carnea. Predator weight, sex and morpho-type (melanic/non-melanic) did not influence DNA detection. The half-life of the time for which the DNA of the prey remained detectable was calculated for each predator-prey combination, and ranged from 8.9 to 52.4 h. This method can be used to study the ecological importance of IGP by H. axyridis on aphidophagous predators other than coccinellids in the field., Brecht Ingels ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1276. Molecular approach for identification of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Province of Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
- Creator:
- Talbalaghi, Asghar and Shaikevich, Elena
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Itálie severní, Italy, Northern, mosquitoes, Culicidae, Anopheles maculipennis, Ochlerotatus caspius, Culex pipiens, PCR-RFLP, ITS2, COI, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present work was to identify cryptic species in the Anopheles maculipennis and Culex pipiens complexes and to study the genetic structure of the dominant mosquito species Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Province of Alessandria close to the vast area untreated rice fields in Piedmont, NW Italy. With the help of PCR-RFLP analysis, four members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex were identified: A. messeae, A. maculipennis, A. sacharovi and A. atroparvus. Only C. pipiens f. molestus was identified in 11 habitats studied in Piedmont. Partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial gene and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes for Italian O. caspius are reported here for the first time. The results indicate that this species diverged from Iranian representatives of this species about one million years ago. The great diversity of mosquito species in Piedmont considerably increases the risk of vector-borne diseases. and Asghar TALBALAGHI, Elena SHAIKEVICH.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1277. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa) in children and cattle in Romania
- Creator:
- Vieira, Patrícia Manuela, Mederle, Narcisa, Lobo, Maria Luísa, Imre, Kálmán, Mederle, Ovidiu, Xiao, Lihua, Darabus, Gheorghe, and Matos, Olga
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- telata, molekulární epidemiologie, calves, molecular epidemiology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, Cryptosporidium parvum, man, GP60 variability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To investigate the transmission of species of Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907 in Timis County, Romania, 48 isolates of Cryptosporidium coccidia from 11 children, 29 calves and eight pigs were characterised by molecular analysis of two loci (SSU rRNA and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene). Overall, 22 isolates were amplified and sequence analyses revealed that all isolates were Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912. Two subtype families were identified, IIa and IId. Subtype IIdA22G1 (n = 4) was the single C. parvum subtype found in children. Subtypes found in calves included IIdA27G1 (n = 8), a novel subtype, IIdA25G1 (n = 5), IIdA22G1 (n = 2), IIdA21G1a (n = 1), and IIaA16G1R1 (n = 1). Subtype IIdA26G1 was found in a pig. These results were significantly different from previous Romanian reports, as the five subtypes of family IId identified in this study were never identified previously in this country. Thus, cattle may be a source of Cryptosporidium infections for humans and the transmission dynamics of C. parvum in Romania is more complex than previously believed., Patrícia Manuela Vieira, Narcisa Mederle, Maria Luísa Lobo, Kálmán Imre, Ovidiu Mederle, Lihua Xiao, Gheorghe Darabus, Olga Matos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1278. Molecular characteristics and expression patterns of Rubisco activase, novel alternative splicing variants in a heterophyllous aquatic plant, Sagittaria graminea
- Creator:
- Wang, D., Xie, S. Z., Yang, J., and Wang, Q. F.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, Alismataceae, aquatic photosynthesis, heterophylly, Sagittaria graminea, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- a1_Two full-length cDNAs (SGrca1 and SGrca2) encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase (RCA) were cloned from a heterophyllous aquatic plant, Sagittaria graminea, using Rapid-Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). SGrca1 contains a 1,320 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 440 amino acids, and SGrca2 is exactly identical to SGrca1 except for 330 bp missing in the middle of SGrca1. Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA indicated both two cDNAs were generated from a common gene via alternative splicing. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by SGrca1 showed 75-82% identity with other RCAs from higher plants and showed high homology in three highly conserved motifs associated with ATP-binding sites. RT-PCR analysis suggested both SGrca1 and SGrca2 were expressed in green tissues. During a 14 h light/10 h dark photoperiod, both aerial and submerged leaves exhibited the similar expression pattern of SGrca1 and SGrca2 with SGrca1 as the dominant form, but the accumulation of both SGrca1 and SGrca2 mRNA was significantly inhibited in the submerged leaves., a2_Western blot analysis showed that both SGrca1 and SGrca2 had their translation products, the 43 kDa form and the 31 kDa form expressing in leaves. Interestingly, the aerial leaves expressed higher amount of the 43 kDa form compared with the 31 kDa form, while it was reversed in the submerged leaves. The results demonstrated that both environments regulated the RCA gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the isolated Rubisco-RCA complex contained both the 43 and 31 kDa forms, and the proportion of the 31 kDa form was obviously enhanced in the submerged leaves. The results indicated that both the 43 kDa and 31 kDa forms were involved in Rubisco and RCA interaction and the increased incorporation of the 31 kDa form was associated with submerged photosynthetic environment., D. Wang, S. Z. Xie, J. Yang, Q. F. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1279. Molecular characterization of 5-chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes from Panax ginseng Meyer and their expression analysis during abiotic stresses
- Creator:
- Silva, J., Kim, Y. J., Sukweenadhi, J., Rahimi, S., Kwon, W. S., and Yang, D. C.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, photosynthesis, gene expression, gene isolation, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) serves in both photosystems (PS), I and II, as a coordinator of antenna pigments in the light-harvesting complex (LHC). The CABs constitute abundant and important proteins in the thylakoid membrane of higher plants. In our study, five CAB genes, which contained full-length cDNA sequences from the 4-year-old ginseng leaves (Panax ginseng Meyer), were isolated and named PgCAB. Phylogenetic comparison of the members of the subfamily between ginseng and higher plants, including Arabidopsis, revealed that the putative functions of these ginseng CAB proteins were clustered into the different family of Arabidopsis CABs; two PgCABs in LHCII family and three PgCABs in LHCI family. The expression analysis of PgCABs consistently showed dark-dependent inhibition in leaves. Expression analysis during abiotic stress identified that PgCAB genes responded to heavy metal, salinity, chilling, and UV stresses differently, suggesting their specific function during photosynthesis. This is the first comprehensive study of the CAB gene family in P. ginseng., J. Silva, Y. J. Kim, J. Sukweenadhi, S. Rahimi, W. S. Kwon, D. C. Yang., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1280. Molecular cloning and characterization of the S6K-p70 gene in Chinese honeybees, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
- Creator:
- Cai, Yingqi, Ai, Taobo, Yu, Xiaoli, Xu, Baohua, and Guo, Xingqi
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Apidae, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, Apis cerana cerana, development, environmental stresses, expression pattern, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) plays a pivotal role in developmental processes and cell survival by participating in protein synthesis relevant signaling pathways. In the present study, an S6K gene (AccS6K-p70) was isolated and characterized from the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an important economic insect in the agricultural industry. The cDNA of AccS6K-p70 was 1683 bp in length and predicted to encode a protein of 467 amino acid residues. Sequence and structure analysis showed that there was a conserved catalytic domain in AccS6K-p70, whilst a phosphorylation site was found in the conserved part of the catalytic domain. Development relevant transcription factor binding sites found in the 5’-flanking region of AccS6K-p70 suggest that AccS6K-p70 might be involved in A. c. cerana development. Furthermore, quantitative PCR revealed that the expression levels of AccS6K-p70 were higher in head and thorax than in other tissues. The AccS6K-p70 was highly expressed in both larvae and adults compared with that in pupae, whilst expression of the gene was significantly down-regulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (although initially and slightly increased by it) and pyriproxyfen (a juvenile hormone analogue insecticide) stresses. These results suggest that AccS6K-p70 may play critical roles in developmental processes and cell survival in A. c. cerana, whilst both oxidative stress and pyriproxyfen may impair S6K-p70 mediated developmental processes by down-regulation of AccS6K-p70 expression., Yingqi Cai ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public