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62. Nová archeologická základna v Mikulčicích

Creator:
Lumír Poláček
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Archeologický ústav (Akademie věd ČR : Brno, Česko), věda, archeologie, archeologické výzkumy, science, Mikulčice (Česko), 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Detašované pracoviště Archeologického ústavu AV ČR, Brno, v Mikulčicích vzniklo současně se zahájením archeologického terénního výzkumu na slovanském hradišti Mikulčice-Valy před šedesáti lety v r. 1954. Původní základnu na akropoli hradiště, označovanou též jako mikulčická archeologická expedice, nahradila v roce 2013 nová výzkumná základna v poloze Trapíkov. and Lumír Poláček.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

63. Nová sídliště lužické kultury na Opavsku

Creator:
Jiří Juchelka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, sídliště (archeologie), pozdní doba bronzová, hrnčířství, settlements, late bronze age, pottery, Hallstatt (Rakousko), Hallstatt (Austria), final bronze age, the Lusatian culture, prehistoric kiln for pottery production, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of this work is to introduce the basic findings from three Lusatian culture sites discovered in the Opava region between 2009 and 2011. These sites located in Kylešovice, Neplachovice and Kobeřice revealed new areas settled by people of the Lusatian culture in a previously unexplored region. A small salvage excavation was carried out in 2009 on the cadastre of Kylešovice (outer suburb of Opava). In the northeastern part of Kylešovice on the corner of Vaníčkova and Ruská streets, four settlement features and one posthole were found. In 2011, on the cadastre of village Neplachovice, one sunken object with Lusatian culture artifacts was discovered with four postholes located nearby. The most extensive excavation took place on the cadastre of Kobeřice in 2013 as a part of the construction of “Technical and traffic infrastructure for 19 family houses in Horní Olšina locality”. Twelve sunken objects were discovered at this site. It is located in the southwestern part of Kobeřice on the “Horní Olšina” field to the west of road No. 467 from Štěpánkovice to Kobeřice., Jiří Juchelka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

64. Nové nálezy z "Tabulové hory" u KLentnice a stav archeologické nevědomosti

Creator:
Navrátil, Aleš
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, archaeology, Moravia, Hill-fort „Tabulová hora” near Klentnice, Bronze hoards, Bronze Age, Looting of archeological sites by means of metal detectors, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
Looting of archeological sites using metal detectors poses the greatest problem for contemporary archeology. The scale of the resulting damage often lies beyond our imagination. This study brings to attention three new bronze hoards looted from “Tabulová hora” site, which were revealed to archeologists at the Regional Museum of Mikulov. These hoards together with unofficial information from looters themselves, and other such known cases, testify to the dramatic differences between the “known” and the “unknown” in the world of archeological metal artefacts. This paper suggests, that the estimate of about one hundred hoards looted from “Tabulová hora”, may not to be unrealistic., Aleš Navrátil., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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65. Nové poznatky o ostatcích z hrobů K1 a K2 z rotundy sv. Víta na Pražském hradě

Creator:
Bravermanová, Milena, Dobisíková, Miluše, Frolík, Jan, Kaupová, Sylva, Stránská, Petra, Světlík, Ivo, Vaněk, Daniel, Velemínský, Petr, and Votrubová, Jitka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Pražský hrad, Přemyslovci, antropologie, DNA, archeologie, analýza izotopů uhlíku a dusíku, radiouhlíkové datování, Prague Castle, Přemyslids, anthropology, archaeology, analysis carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and radiocarbon dating
Language:
Czech
Description:
Tématem příspěvku je nová analýza dostupných poznatků o hrobech K1 a K2 v lodi předrománské rotundy sv. Víta, které byly objeveny již v roce 1911 a připisovány několika přemyslovským knížatům. Provedena byla zejména revize antropologických poznatků, analýzy stabilních izotopů uhlíku (δ13C) a dusíku (δ15N), analýza DNA a radiouhlíkové datování. Získaná data nedávají dohromady konzistentní obraz. Archeologie vylučuje připsání ostatků knížeti Bořivoji I. († asi 888/889), antropologie pak knížeti Boleslavu I. († 972). Oba obory by dovolovaly připsat s určitou pravděpodobností kosterní ostatky knížeti Boleslavu II. († 999), tomu ale neodpovídá radiokarbonové datování. Navržena je možnost připsat ostatky písemně doloženému jménem neznámému synovi knížete Boleslava I., který zemřel před rokem 972. Analýza DNA z K2 připsala ostatky ženě, pravděpodobně tedy manželce osoby K1. and The subject of the article is a new analysis of available information on graves K1 and K2 in the nave of the pre-Romanesque St. Vitus Rotunda; discovered in 1911, the graves have been attributed to various Přemyslid princes. The main work involved a review of anthropological findings, analyses of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes, a DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating. Taken together, obtained data do not provide a consistent image. Archaeology rules out the attribution of the remains to Prince Bořivoji I († c. 888/889), while anthropology eliminates the possibility of the burial of Boleslav I († 972). With a high degree of probability, both of these scientific disciplines would permit the identification of the individual as Prince Boleslav II († 999), but this possibility is then eliminated by radiocarbon dating. The author suggests the possibility of attributing the remains to a son of Prince Boleslav I, an individual whose name is not documented in written sources and who died before 972. A DNA analysis revealed that the remains in grave K2 belonged to a woman, i.e. probably the wife of the individual buried in grave K1.
Rights:
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66. O Velké Moravě, archeologii raného středověku i o nás samých

Creator:
Macháček, Jiří
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Velká Morava, archeologie, raně středověká státnost, náčelnictví, mince, obchod s otroky, hranice, tribut a daně, kolaps, Great Moravia, archaeology, early medieval statehood, chiefdom, coins, slave trade, borders, tribute and taxes, and collapse
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pokračování diskuse o raně středověké státnosti na Velké Moravě reaguje na příspěvky D. Kalhouse, N. a M. Profantových a I. Štefana. Zabývá se otázkami metodologickými, trhem a směnnými prostředky, funkcí Pohanska u Břeclavi a dalších velkomoravských hradisek, zdaněním společnosti, obchodem s otroky, pozemkovým vlastnictvím, postavením vládnoucích rodů, hranicemi Velké Moravy a v neposlední řadě i zánikem této „říše“, jehož příčiny jsou pro pochopení charakteru tehdejší společnosti klíčové. Předložená argumentace se opírá především o archeologické prameny. and The article, a continuation of the discussion on early medieval statehood in Great Moravia, addresses methodological questions, the market, exchange resources, the function of Pohansko near Břeclav and other Great Moravian fortified settlements, the taxation of society, the slave trade, land ownership, the standing of the ruling families, the borders of Great Moravia and finally the demise of this ‘empire’, the causes of which are of great importance in understanding the nature of society at the time. The following argumentation is based primarily on archaeological sources.
Rights:
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67. Odraz vrcholně středověké urbanizace v archeologických pramenech na základě vybraných příkladů

Creator:
Rudolf Procházka
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, Medieval towns, pre-urban settlements, 12. and 13. century, Central Europe, architecture, communications, high medieval colonization, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
1_This article uses several examples to describe transformations of early medieval settlement structures-mostlyfrom pre-urban central agglomeration-to the communal town as it is reflected in archaeological finds. The attention was focused on three main questions: 1) What were the dynamics of the early medieval settlement? 2) Is thereany evidence for a communication network in the pre-urban period and after the town was founded? 3) What arethe changes in organisation of space and how does the pattern of a built-up area in this period appear? The sitesselected include-Prague, Chrudim and Hradec Králové in Bohemia, Brno in Moravia, Opava in the Czech partof the Upper Silesia, Wrocław in the Lower Silesia, Gdansk and Szczecin in the Polish part of Pomerania. Mostpre-urban centres experienced growth in the 12th century. The street network was still tentative although there was agreater tendency towards a stable street network. Polish towns which had well preserved timber structures experienceda development of complex homesteads from the 11th century at the latest. A system of rectangular lots emerged onlyin Prague and probably slightly later in Wroclaw. With regards to new elements in the architecture of timber dwellings,house foundations in the 13th century employed framed houses constructed using two main techniques: 1) posts setin the ground 2) posts set in foundation beams. The latter technique is exemplified by dwellings where a cellar ispresent underneath an overground floor. Stone houses were built in Prague as early as the 12th century., 2_ At other sites,construction of such dwellings dates back to the 13th century, in Gdansk even to the 14th century. This comparativestudy has revealed common patterns in the urbanisation of Central Europe during the transformations in the 12th and13th centuries, although the speed of diffusion of the various new trends differed between the various urban centres., Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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69. Ořechov IV: Nová lokalita bohunicienu nad údolím Bobravy

Creator:
Petr Škrdla, Rychtaříková, Tereza, Ladislav Nejman, Jaroslav Bartík, Huršková, Alena, and Krása, Jan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, archaeology, Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), Bohunician, GPS survey, structured hearth, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ořechov IV is a recently investigated Bohunician site located in southern Moravia, but outside the Brno Basin where most of the other known Bohunician sites are located. It appears to belong to the pure Bohunician industry with no bifacial technology detected. It was probably discovered in the 1930s and due to later errors in reporting its exact location, it was ‘saved’ from prospecting by amateur archaeologists for several decades. We have re-located this site in 2010 and have conducted numerous pedestrian surveys and subsurface testing. We have collected a total of 3214 artifacts (most of them recorded by GPS) and a small amount of ochre. Two-thirds of the artifacts were manufactured on Stránská Skála chert. The second most common raw material used was Krumlovský Les chert followed by very small numbers of other raw materials including erratic flint, a long-distance import. Up to 20 % of the artifacts were damaged by frost action and agricultural activities. Numerous Levallois points and evidence for bidirectional flaking support the Bohunician classification. Test pitting has confirmed the presence of undisturbed sediments with cultural material including 4 structured hearths. Results of radiocarbon dating of some of these hearths are consistent with Bohunician antiquity. Only one lithic artifact in association with a hearth was found insitu. It is likely that future subsurface testing will yield more artifacts., Petr Škrdla, Tereza Rychtaříková, Ladislav Nejman, Jaroslav Bartík, Alena Hrušková, Jan Krása., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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