1_This article uses several examples to describe transformations of early medieval settlement structures-mostlyfrom pre-urban central agglomeration-to the communal town as it is reflected in archaeological finds. The attention was focused on three main questions: 1) What were the dynamics of the early medieval settlement? 2) Is thereany evidence for a communication network in the pre-urban period and after the town was founded? 3) What arethe changes in organisation of space and how does the pattern of a built-up area in this period appear? The sitesselected include-Prague, Chrudim and Hradec Králové in Bohemia, Brno in Moravia, Opava in the Czech partof the Upper Silesia, Wrocław in the Lower Silesia, Gdansk and Szczecin in the Polish part of Pomerania. Mostpre-urban centres experienced growth in the 12th century. The street network was still tentative although there was agreater tendency towards a stable street network. Polish towns which had well preserved timber structures experienceda development of complex homesteads from the 11th century at the latest. A system of rectangular lots emerged onlyin Prague and probably slightly later in Wroclaw. With regards to new elements in the architecture of timber dwellings,house foundations in the 13th century employed framed houses constructed using two main techniques: 1) posts setin the ground 2) posts set in foundation beams. The latter technique is exemplified by dwellings where a cellar ispresent underneath an overground floor. Stone houses were built in Prague as early as the 12th century., 2_ At other sites,construction of such dwellings dates back to the 13th century, in Gdansk even to the 14th century. This comparativestudy has revealed common patterns in the urbanisation of Central Europe during the transformations in the 12th and13th centuries, although the speed of diffusion of the various new trends differed between the various urban centres., Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
An archaeological survey of the multicultural site in Moravičany at Soutok has been underway since the 1950s. It is a site around the current church of St. George, near the confluence of the Třebůvka and Morava rivers. In addition to numerous settlements from practically all epochs of prehistory and protohistory, the settlement in the Early and High Middle Ages were documented. The oldest finds date back to the Early Slavonic Period and continue in the Early Hillfort Period and the Middle Hillfort Period. However, this is a rural agricultural settlement. Since the 11th century, an increase in settlement and burial activities has been observed and the site was fortified, probably in connection with the direction of long-distance communications. The Soutok site was abandoned in connection with the newly established village on the site of the present Moravičany at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. Finds from the Middle Ages are related to the functioning of the ecclesiastical site with the church of St. George, the rectory and the court.
Bei der Analyse von zwei Gräbern, die in die späthallstättische und an das Ende der frühlatènezeitlichen Periode datiert wurden und der Beigaben, die im nordöstlichen Böhmen ungewöhnlich (im ersten Grab einer für Böhmen exotischen Fusszierfibel, im zweiten Grab eines deformierten Schwertes der Stufe LT A) sind, wird die Problematik des damaligen Kommunikationsweges, der in historischer Zeit als sog. polnischer Weg bekannt ist, behandelt. Er verband zum Ende der älteren und zum Beginn der jüngeren Eisenzeit nicht nur den mittleren und nordöstlichen Teil des Landes, sondern war auch ein Bestandteil des gesamten Kommunikationssystems, das Südeuropa mit dem europäischen Norden verband, vielleicht als ein Zweig der sog. Bernsteinstrasse. and TWO HA D3 AND LT A CREMATION BURIALS FROM LOCHENICE (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DISTRICT). Through the analysis of two burials, one dated to the Late Hallstatt and the other to the close of the Early Tène periods – both of which contained inventories unusual for North–East Bohemia (a fibula in one grave, and the other a deformed LT A sword) – problems associated with the lines of contemporary communication are considered. These linked not only the central and north–eastern regions of this country, but were also part of an overall system of communications that linked southern to northern Europe, perhaps as a branch of the so–called „Amber Route“.