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2. Čechy za doby knížecí
- Creator:
- Josef Ladislav Píč, Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, and Společnost Musea Království českého
- Publisher:
- Nákladem vlastním J.L. Píč
- Format:
- print and 406 sl., xl tb., mapa A-D : il.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Archeologie, 9.-10. stol, archeologické nálezy, archeologické výzkumy, archeologie středověku, muzejní sbírky, knížectví, Čechy (Česko), 902.2, 902:904, 94(437.31)"08/09", 069.5, (437.31), (048.8), (084.11), (01), 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Sv. 1, Část archaeologická, and na základě praehistorické sbírky musea království Českého a pramenů dějepisných píše J. L. Píč.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Confessionality and Mentality between the End of the 15th and the Second Half of the 16th Century from the Perspective of Czech Book Culture
- Creator:
- Voit, Petr
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- knižní vazby, knihtisk, katolicismus, konfesionalizace, humanismus, husitství, ilustrace, reformace, náboženská literatura, renesance, utrakvismus, bookbindings, letterpress printing, Catholicism, confessionalisation, humanism, Hussitism, illustration, reformation, religious literature, renaissance, Utraquism, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), confessionality, copying of books (manuscript), denomination, mentality, Schmalkaldic War 1547, Unity of Brethren, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Stuart Roberts [překladatel]
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Fugere artem memorativam? The art of memory in 15th c. Bohemia and Moravia: a preliminary survey
- Creator:
- Lucie Doležalová
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 15. století, středověká kultura, paměť, mnemotechnika, rétorika, latinské rukopisy, medieval culture, memory, mnemonics, Latin manuscripts, rhetoric, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Czechia, Moravia (Czechia), Bohemia (Czechia), 8, and 930.85
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The study offers a basic overview of the manuscripts of the ars memorativa treatises in late medieval Czech lands. On the basis of the surviving evidence it is possible to prove that during the 15th century this ancient art (however suspicious and cumbersome it may seem today) was known and practiced here. It coexisted with general (often primarily medical) set of advices on efficient studying some of which openly criticize the art of memory for being too impractical. Besides copies of Italian and West European art of memory models, there is a number of these treatises and shorter treatments of the art composed in the Czech lands. Each of them includes specific features and innovations not encountered elsewhere. The manuscript context of ars memorativa shows that it was not seen as a part of rhetoric theory intended for a restricted number of intellectuals but as a means of storing and recuperating important information actively used especially by students and preachers. and Lucie Doležalová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. K těžbě stříbra na Horách Vrbických v 16. století
- Creator:
- Jiří Doležel
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- 16. století, těžba stříbra, písemné prameny, silver mining, written sources, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), mining and processing complex, field survey, nobility and their relationship to the mining of precious metals, Czech-Moravian Highlands, 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The silver mining and processing complex in the Vrbické Hory area, 9.5 km NNW of Světlá nad Sázavou was one of the most important early modern period mining sites in the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The deposit, mined in two stages from 1547 to the early 1590s, provided several hundred kilograms of the precious metal. The stopes, which extended to a depth of approx. 80 m, ran along three principal vein zones, partly drained through hereditary adits, with further prospecting work in the area. The mined ore was smelted on site; mineral processing and metallurgical plants could take advantage of the energy system of the reservoirs on the nearby watercourses, and two mining settlements appeared by the mines. The mining was funded by numerous investors from Bohemia and Germany (burghers, nobles, officials, mining and coin experts). However, there was also significant involvement on the part of the landed nobility: the frequently alternating owners of the land on which mines were situated included the ruler, imperial princes, higher- and lower-ranking nobles and wealthy burghers. However, mining was complicated by the area’s position on the boundaries of several estates and interference from landowners, disagreements amongst miners and persistent drainage problems. This study, based on the latest field prospecting surveys and revision of the available written sources summarises our existing knowledge and highlights the potential for further research., Jiří Doležel., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Konfesionalita a mentalita mezi koncem 15. a druhou polovinou 16. století pohledem české knižní kultury
- Creator:
- Voit, Petr
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- knižní vazby, knihtisk, katolicismus, konfesionalizace, humanismus, husitství, ilustrace, reformace, náboženská literatura, renesance, utrakvismus, bookbindings, letterpress printing, Catholicism, confessionalisation, humanism, Hussitism, illustration, reformation, religious literature, renaissance, Utraquism, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), confessionality, copying of books (manuscript), denomination, mentality, Schmalkaldic War 1547, Unity of Brethren, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Jan Pulkrábek [překladatel]
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Markomannen und superiores barbari in Třebusice und Jevíčko zur Zeit der Markomannenkriege: Zur Problematik der Übergangsstufe B2/C1 in Böhmen und Mähren
- Creator:
- Eduard Droberjar
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- markomanské války, 166-180, chronologie, doba římská, Marcomannic Wars, 166-180, chronology, Roman period, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), Germanic tribes, fibulae, 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Marcomans and "superiores barbari" in Třebusice and Jevíčko penecontemporaneous with Marcomannic Wars. The problem of transitional stage B2/C1 in Bohemia and Moravia. The paper deals with new finds of graves and settlements from Bohemia and Moravia during the second half of 2nd Century AD, especially important burials and metal artifacts (mainly fibulas) from Třebusice (Central Bohemian Region) and Jevíčko (historical territory of Moravia, now The Pardubice Region). Author focuses on developing a more detailed chronology of assemblages before, during and just after the Marcomannic Wars (B2b, B2/C1 and C1a). Evidence was found that "superiores barbari", ie. bearers of the Przeworsk and the Wielbark Culture, were present on Marcoman territory at this time. A similar situation where the Przeworsk and Wielbark Cultures appear to exist on Marcoman territory has been observed in other regions. These regions can be divided into eight main areas (north-western, central and eastern Bohemia, Malá Haná region (CZ), central and southern Moravia, Záhorie (SK) and the northern part of Lower Austria., Eduard Droberjar., České resumé., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Mezi dvěma decenálními recesy: k daňové politice Marie Terezie v Čechách v letech 1748-1775
- Creator:
- Lhoták, Jan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- česká a uherská královna, císařovna, choť Františka Štěpána I., římskoněmeckého císaře, Marie Terezie, 1717-1780, Haugwitz, Bedřich Vilém, 1702-1765, daně, taxation, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), decenální reces, berní zatížení, ten-year compact, tax burden, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- This study examines the taxation policy of Maria Theresa as evidenced by the situation in Bohemia. A fundamental measure that opened the way for subsequent developments was the passing of the ten-year compact (or "Rezess", as it was known), by the Bohemian parliament in 1748. This law guaranteed a fixed total tax contribution (5,488,155 gulders, 58 crowns) in return for a guarantee that the empress would not demand extra levies, even in the event of war. With the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War, however, the situation changed and in 1756 demands were made for exceptional taxes, military recruits, loans to the state budget, etc. Meanwhile the guarantee of a fixed total tax under the ten-year compact continued to apply. The Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763) brought no relief, as Maria Theresa asked parliament to approve not only an extension of the compact for the following military year, but new exceptional taxes and the reimposition of certain existing indirect taxes. These obligations, together with an increased tax burden in rural communities, remained in place until 1775, when a new ten-year compact was negotiated that lasted until 1789., Jan Lhoták., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Moc vědění: pseudo-aristotelské Secretum secretorum ve středověkých Čechách: The power of knowledge: the pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum in medieval Bohemia
- Creator:
- Pavlína Cermanová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Aristotelés, 384 př. Kr.-322 př. Kr, 13.-15. století, středověk, univerzity, middle ages, universities, Čechy (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Secretum secretorum, pražská universita, Prague University, 8, and 94(100)"04/..."
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the Middle Ages, Pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum was an exceptionally widespread text, both in Latin and vernacular versions. It was a thematically varied treatise, a kind of sum of knowledge, containing information from statecraft, natural sciences, medicine and health science. The main attention of the study is focused on the spread of this treatise in medieval Bohemia. It follows not only its manuscript preservation and its context, but also the milieu in which this text was received, or which parts were received in the given, specific milieu. An important theme is also the translations into Czech and the reception of this treatise in texts written in Czech., Pavlína Cermanová., and Obsahuje poznámky pod čarou
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Molentes oder molendinarii?: Die Frage der Nutzung des Wasserrades im frühmittelalterlichen Böhmen und Mähren
- Creator:
- Lucie Galusová and Martina Maříková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, vodní mlýny, písemné prameny, archaeology, water mills, written sources, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), 8, and 902
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Later than in the wet of Europe, it was only in the course of the 12th century that the water wheel caught on in Bohemia and Moravia. At the same time hand-powered mills were still requently being used. Until the end of the 12th century most water mills as well as water courses were the property of princes, so permission to run an existing mil or to build a new one had to be granted. The location, design of and technology used in mediaeval mills in our vicinity have not been archaeologically researched. The hypotheritcal appearance of such mills and what equipment they had can be modelled based on the results of research abroad, since similar structures might also have been in use in mediaeval Bohemia and Moravia., Lucie Galusová, Martina Maříková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public